ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise, nutrition or both on physical fitness and metabolism in obesity adolescents. Methods94 overweight/obese adolescents (12～16 years old) underwent 10 weeks exercise alone, nutrition intervention alone, and exercise combined with nutrition, respectively. The physical and metabolism index were detected before and after intervention. ResultsThe body mass index (BMI), body fat, body fat% decreased in all the groups. Especially, exercise alone decreased total cholesterol (TC), increased fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and function of β-cells (HOMA-β). Nutrition alone decreased TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Exercise combined with nutrition decreased TC and LDL-C, increased FINS and HOMA-β. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) tended to decrease in all the groups. ConclusionThe aerobic exercise and /or nutrition intervention can improve the lipid metabolism, Exercise can improve function of the β-cell of pancreas. But the effects of exercise and/or nutrition on HDL-C and insulin resistance are not satisfactory.

The paper collects patents relevant to hypolipidemic drugs in recent decade based on the Derwent database,reveals the development process of drug research in this field by taking advantage of the patent analysis method,and discusses the change of application quantity for patents over the years,distribution in the hotspot technology field and the main application organizations and their R&D orientations.

BACKGROUND: Some scholars have used finite element analysis to simulate spinal biodynamics. But there are few reports on finite element imitation of lumbar biodynamics system before and after artificial disc replacement. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to do finite element analysis by establishing new three dimensional finite element models of SB-Chaite Ⅲ lumbar disc replacement. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observational experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2003 to August 2004. PARTICIPANT: A healthy male volunteer served as simulation. His T12-S1 underwent continuous CT scanning. There were altogether 264 images with 2 mm in thickness each. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed every 15? in order to obtain the data for three-dimensional model. METHODS: The CT images and human anatomical data were processed by 3DSMAX software to establish three-dimensional L4-5 model of normal Chinese males. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: It was transformed to finite element model after processed by SAP2000 software together with SB-Chaite Ⅲ disc prosthesis model. RESULTS: The three-dimensional model and finite element model of lumbar spine were successfully established. The finite element model of SB-Chaite Ⅲ disc replacement in L4-5 spine was established. The total nodes were 2 542, including 1 924 Solid units, 592 Area units and 50 Link units. CONCLUSION: The finite element model of artificial disc replacement can be established by CT scanning, digital processor and computer aided design.

Objective To establish z-score model for fetal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(FAM-TAPSE) and mitral annular plane systolic excursion(FAM-MAPSE) based on gestational age(GA),then to evaluate the ventricle systolic function of fetus with heart failure.Methods One thousand and twelve normal fetuses and 24 fetuses with heart failure were involved. FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE were measured by free angle M-mode echocardiography,and FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE z-score models of normal fetuses were constructed by using first standard regression analysis with GA as independent variable.The fetuses with heart failure were divided into left heart failure (LHF) group and right heart failure (RHF) group by Tei index.Subsequently,the two parameters between normal and fetuses with heart failure were compared. Results The models used to calculate z-score for FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE were constructed,and GA had close correlation with them. Compared with normal fetuses,the mean z-scores of FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE were statistically different in fetuses with heart failure(P<0.001). The FAM-MAPSE z-scores of LHF and the FAM-TAPSE z-scores of RHF were all less than-2 z-scores.Conclusions The FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE z-scores decline in fetuses with heart failure and they can provide quantitative evidence in evaluation of heart systolic function,FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE z-score would be markers for assessing heart systolic function in fetuses with heart failure.

Objective To develop Z-score reference ranges for tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE) in normal fetuses from the measurements of gestational age(GA),biparietal diameter (BPD) or femur length(FL) using fetal echocardiography.Methods A retrospective cross sectional study of 1012 singleton normal fetuses were performed.The gestation age ranged from 20 to 41 weeks.Non-cardiac fetal biometric parameters included GA and BPD and FL were measured and calculated GA based on menstrual age.TAPSE was measured in a standard apical four-chamber view by free angle M-mode echocardiography.Normal Z-score ranges were developed for TAPSE using GA,BPD and FL as independent variables.These were accomplished by using first standard regression analysis and then weighted regression of absolute residual values for each parameter in order to adjust for inconstant variance.Results Linear regression model was the best description of the data in each case and correlations between TASPE and independent variables (GA,BPD,FL) were excellent.Heteroscedasticity of standard deviation (SD) with increasing independent variables also could be modeled with a simple linear regression.According to these equations,TAPSE Z-score =(the actual measurement of TAPSE-predicted TAPSE)/prediction SD.Conclusions Normal reference ranges and Z-scores for TAPSE have been provided.These normative data may be useful tools for assessment of fetal TAPSE,to evaluate fetal right ventricular function more accurately and effectively.

Objective To obtain the annular plane systolic excursion difference (APSED)of fetuses in second and late trimester by free angle M-mode (FAM)and tissue motion of annular displacement (TMAD)in order to assess the fetal ventricular function.Methods The mitral annular plane systolic excursion(MAPSE)and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE)of four hundred and fifty five normal fetuses from 20 to 41 weeks were measured by FAM echocardiography,and the difference between them were calculated.Early diastolic velocities (Em)of the mitral annular and early diastolic velocities (Em')of the tricuspid annular were estimated by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI),meanwhile systolic velocities (Sm)of the mitral annular and systolic velocities (Sm')of the tricuspid annular were also estimated by TDI.Fifty normal fetuses in the second and late trimester were choosed randomly,two-dimension imaging was obtained at the apical four-chamber view,then mitral annular plane and tricuspid annular plane displacement curve were acquired at the same time by using off-line QLab 8.1 software,and the differences in the peak time between them were compared.The trace of annular displacement were recorded by color tissue tracking technology.Results There was a significant difference between FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE in different gestational weeks (P <0.05),FAM-TAPSE was growing with the increase of gestational weeks,FAM-APSED showed significant positive correlations with gestational week, Em,Sm,Em' and Sm'.Annular plane displacement curve showed that TMAD-TAPSE was higher than TMAD-MAPSE in the entire cardiac cycle,and there was no statistically significant difference in time to peak of the annular plane displacement curve between them(P >0.05).Conclusions The APSED existed in the second and late trimester continually.It was considering associated with fetal ventricular torsion.As the growth of gestational weeks,the increase of APSED reflected the enhanced reserve capacity of the fetal ventricular torsion.APSED can reflect the longitudinal motion and torsion movement of fetal ventricle quantitatively,and can be used as a new index to assess the fetal cardiac function.

Objective To study the effects and techniques of microsurgical resection of giant hypervascular meningiomas. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 32 cases of giant hypervascular meningiomas in this hospital from June 1999 to June 2002. Results The Simpson Grade 1 resection was achieved in 15 cases, Grade 2 in 9 cases, Grade 3 in 6 cases, and Grade 4, 2 cases. There were 2 fatal cases. Complications included 4 cases of intracranial hematoma, 6 cases of cerebral edema and infarction (re-operation of decompression was required in 4 cases), 1 case of mutism, 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and 1 case of intracranial infection. The mental dysfunctions or symptoms became worse than before the operation in 7 cases. Follow-up checkups in 30 patients found no recurrence in Simpson Grade 1 resection, 4 cases of recurrence in Simpson Grade 2 resection, and 5 cases of recurrence in Grade 3 and 4. A re-operation was performed to remove the tumor in 6 cases. The size of tumor was unchanged during follow-up period in 7 cases undergoing radiotherapy. Postoperatively, assessments with activity of daily living (ADL) associated with mental dysfunctions revealed grade Ⅰ in 25 cases, grade Ⅱ in 5 cases, and grade Ⅲ in 2. No significant differences were seen in ADL assessments before and after operation (P=0.696). Conclusions Every effort should be made to complete the total resection of intracranial meningiomas. Sufficient preoperative preparation, adequate surgical exposure, efficient management of operative bleeding, and fractionated resection of tumor using microsurgical techniques are important factors to improve clinical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the effect of fibrin sealant cefazoline sodium implant on prevention and treatment of orthopaedic infection. Methods The fibrin sealant antibiotic implant was made by 10 ml (100 mg/ml) profibrin (Human) mixed with 2.0 g cefazoline sodium, after which 5 ml (200 PE/ml) prothrombin complex concentrate (Human) was added. A total of 24 female New Zealand white rabbits were recruited in the study and divided into three groups, ie, Group A that was implanted with the fibrin sealant antibiotic implant, Group B that was implanted with antibiotic and Group C that was as control. The model of bone infection was made by injecting 0.2 ml(1?10~6 CFU/ml) staphylococcus aureus into the bone hole in tibia of two legs. The histologic and radiologic bone changes were evaluated 2, 4 and 8 weeks after therapy. And in vitro release test was performed. Results There was not evidence of osteomyelitis in Group A, but the osteomyelitis was observed in Groups B and C. Concentration of cefazoline sodium about (1 043.94?0.20) ?g per piece was released from fibrin sealant cefazoline sodium implant within the first 24 hours by in vitro diffusion test but felt to (7.21?0.02) ?g per piece at the 35th day. Conclusion The fibrin sealant cefazoline sodium implant is simple to make and effective in preventing and treating orthopaedic infection as well as in improving repair of the bone defects.

ObjectiveTo assess myocardial perfusion by the end-systolic and end-diastolic replenishment parameters of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE).MethodsTwenty-one patients with myocardial infarction(MI) and normal control group of 6 cases underwent intravenous realtime myocardial contrast echocardiography via slow and homogeneous venous injections of SonoVue.MCE images were obtained from the apical 4-chamber,2-chamber,and long-axis views.According to the exponential function:y(t) =A [1 - e-kt] + B,the time intensity curves were obtained.By an off-line ECG triggering and curve fitting,the replenishment parameters A value,k value,A × k value were obtained separately from end-systolic and end-diastolic images.ResultsIn normal control group,the end-systolic replenishment parameters A value,k value,A × k value were all lower than that of the end-diastolic replenishment parameters[(6.21 ± 2.69)dB vs (7.93 ± 3.66)dB,P ＜0.05；0.36 ± 0.15 vs 0.42 ± 0.19,P ＜ 0.01 ;2.88 ± 1.29 vs 3.39 ± 1.61,P ＜0.05,respectively].The end-diastolic replenishment parameters were found significantly greater variability than the end-systolic values (variation coefficient CV:A value 46.2％ vs 43.3％,k value 45.2％ vs 41.4％,A× k value 47.5％ vs 44.8％,all P ＜0.05).In 21 patients,the end-systolic replenishment parameters in myocardial segments supplied by infarct-related coronary artery were significantly lower than that in myocardial segments supplied by non - infarct - related coronary artery.ConclusionsThe end-systolic and end-diastolic replenishment parameters of real time myocardial contrast echocardiography can assess myocardial perfusion.The variability of the end-systolic replenishment parameters is smaller than that of the end diastolic parameters.Significant variability in k-value suggests that this parameter is best suited for before-after study in the same patient.

BACKGROUND: The study of isolation, purification, culture, cell labeling, inducing factors, effects of gene transfection on cytobiology, cell carrier construction, and time window for back transplantation of cell compound pertaining to marrow stromal cells (MSCs) is still in its infancy. OBJECTIVE: To search for an in vitro culture method that can be simply and effectively obtained. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The present cytological in vitro experiment was performed at the Beijing Institute of Genome, Chinese Academy of Sciences between June 2006 and July 2007. MATERIALS: Eight specific pathogen-free New Zealand rabbits, aged 6 weeks, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Institute of Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences. METHODS: Under sterile condition, 1 mL rabbit bone marrow was taken and diluted with D-Hanks solution. Following centrifugation and subsequent supernatant removal, bone marrow was re-suspended using dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM) for single cell suspension. Next, single cell suspension was dropped onto the liquid surface of equal-volume lymphocyte separation medium (density: 1.077). Subsequent to centrifugation, cloudlike mononuclear cell layer was collected and re-suspended with DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum. The cells were inoculated at lxl0/cm2 and purified by adherent method. When 70%-80% of flask bottom was covered, cell digestion and passage was performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell growth was observed with an operating microscope. Surviving cells were counted by Trypan blue viability test. Cell identification was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Through the use of 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, cell viability was detected to observe the cellular resuscitation of the cultured cells following cryopreservation. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after inoculation, cells began to adhere to the wall, exhibiting short shuttle- or triangle-shaped appearance with different sizes of cellular processes. Three days later, adherent cells began to divide, and cell clusters could be found in some areas; One week later, most of cells exhibited scattered fibroblast-like growth; After passage, cells were evenly distributed with long shuttle-shaped appearance and arranged orderly. Following 3 passages, there wound be 5×106-1×107 adherent cells in 1 mL MSC suspension. Approximately 90% of MSCs survived and identified as mononuclear cells. Cells vigorously grew at days 1-6 after inoculation and reached a peak level at day 8, followed by a viability decline. After 56 days of resuscitation, frozen cells displayed a good and rapid growth. CONCLUSION: Highly purified MSCs can be acquired by gradient centrifugation of lymphocyte separation medium. Enough seeded cells can be obtained by in vitro culture and the cellular viability does not change after frozen preservation and resuscitation.