Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risks and malnutrition as well as the application of nutritional support in the department of geriatrics.Methods Elderly inpatients in the Geriatric Department of Peking University People's Hospital were consecutively enrolled from July 2010 to June 2011.Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 ( NRS 2002) was performed on the second day after admission,and nutritional support was investigated on the 14th day or the discharge day.The relationship between nutritional risk and nutritional support was analyzed.Results A total of 445 patients were enrolled,and 423 patients (95.1％ ) underwent NRS 2002.The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 4.7％ and nutritional risk was 13.2％.In 230 patients with overweight/obesity,the prevalence of nutritional risk was 6.1％.Nutritional support was provided to 15 patients (26.8％ ) with NRS2002≥3 and 14 patients (3.8％) with NRS 2002 ＜3.The average parenteral nutrition:enteral nutrition ratio was 1.6∶1.Conclusions A large proportion of elderly inpatients are at nutritional risk or suffer from undernutrition in the geriatric department in Beijing.The application of nutritional support currently is somehow inappropriate.Evidence-based guidelines are required to improve this situation.NRS2002 is not applicable for elderly inpatients with overweight/obesity.

Objective To assess the effect of ongoing health education compared to a single comprehensive health program on nutritional knowledge,attitudes and practices(KAP) of hospitalized diabetes patients to provide a basis for improving health education for these patients.Methods Newlyhospitalized patients with diabetes were randomly classified into Group 1 ( Conventional Education Group; 50 cases) and Group 2 (Intensive Education Group; 58 cases).A single comprehensive health program was conducted for Group 1,and an ongoing health program was provided for Group 2. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to the two groups before and after the health education,and nutritional KAP of these patients were compared.ResultsIn both groups,after health education,the nutritional KAP of the newly enrolled inpatients were substantially improved.For control of total energy intake,control of salt intake and food exchanges,the improvement rates of Group 2 [ 88.4％ ( 38/43 ),84.6％ ( 33/39 ),60.9％ (28/46),respectively] were higher compared to Group 1 [71.1％ (27/38),65.6％ (21/32),40.0％ (16/40),respectively ].The differences were significant ( x21 =4.75,x22 =4.83,x23 =4.37,respectively,P ＜ 0.05).For importance of health education,the improvement rate of Group 2 [ 95.8％(23/24) ] was significantly higher than that of Group 1 [65.2％ ( 15/23),x2 =14.90,P ＜0.01 ].For therapeutic diet,the improvement rate of Group 2 was 14/14,significantly higher than that of Group 1 (5/13; x2 =44.40,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Health education is an effective way to improve the nutritional KAP of inpatients with diabetes.An ongoing health program should have a more significant role in health education for these patients than a single program.

One hundred and twenty elderly inpatients (average aged 78) were randomly sampled from the Department of Geriatrics, Peking University People's Hospital for a questionnaire survey on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) before and after receiving nutritional education. The results showed that the average score for nutrition knowledge of the subjects was 46 ± 21 and 85 ± 18 before and after nutrition education respectively (P ＜0. 01 ); the progress for patients aged over 80 was more remarkable:nutrition knowledge score increased to 83 ± 18 from 41 ±21 on the admission ( P ＜0. 01 ). Before nutritional education, the rates of treatment diet implementation, ordinary diet implementation and hospital repast were 48.9%, 57.7% and 50. 8%, respectively, which reached to 93. 6%, 100. 0% and 95.0% after nutritional education (P ＜0. 01 ). The results indicate that the nutrition education is an effective approach to improve nutritional KAP among elderly inpatients. We propose to implement nutrition education in elderly inpatients as a routine clinical treatment measures.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a commonly seen chronic lung disease in preterm infants.Although its etiology and pathophysiology have not been fully elucidated, it was thought to cause bronchoalveolar arrest.Autophagy is a certain programmed cell death process, which can achieve the renewal of organelles and metabolic needs.It is reported that autophagy is involved in all stages of lung development during the fetal period.The imbalance of autophagy plays an important role in the process of BPD.Furthermore, the appropriate regulation of autophagy could effectively improve lung injury.Now, the recent advancements of the role of autophagy in BPD is summarized in this review.

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the high-risk solid tumors in China. Although there has been more comprehensive progress on HCC caricinogenesis, migration and invasion, the 5-year survival is still poor. In recent years, it has been identified that tumor acidic microenvironment may promote the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, combined with the latest research at home and abroad, the research progress on the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma under an acidic environment was reviewed.

The gradually acidified tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the formation and advance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Under the regulation of acidic microenvironment, the differentiation and function of immune cells change to immunosuppression, which further leads to the occurrence of immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, the formation of acidic microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma, the changes of various immune cells in acidic microenvironment and their effects on the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as their further mechanisms are reviewed in order to provide new ideas for the study of immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation combined with muscle strength training on knee joint biomechanical characteristics in patients with patellofemoral pain(PFP).Methods Forty-six patients with PFP were recruited and randomly assigned to the muscle strength training(MST)and electrical muscle stimulation with strength training(EMS)groups.The intervention was performed three times a week for six weeks.The anterior knee pain scale(AKPS)was used to measure the knee pain degree.Knee kinematics,dynamics,and surface electromyography(sEMG)data were collected using an infrared motion capture system,force platform,and sEMG system during drop jumps before and after the intervention.Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was applied to determine the differences between the dependent variables of the two groups before and after the intervention.Results Compared with pre-intervention,the AKPS score,vastus medialis oblique(VMO)activation,VMO/vastus lateralis(VMO/VL)activation,maximum knee flexion angle,and peak knee extension moment increased significantly in the EMS group;the maximum knee abduction,external rotation angle,and peak knee external rotation moment decreased significantly in the EMS group after intervention.Compared with pre-intervention,the AKPS score,maximum knee flexion angle,and peak knee extension moment increased significantly in the MST group after intervention,the peak knee abduction and external rotation moment significantly decreased in the MST group after intervention.Post-hoc comparisons indicated that compared with the MST group,the AKPS score,VMO activation,VMO/VL activation were significantly higher and the maximum knee abduction angle was significantly lower in the EMS group.Conclusions EMS contributes to the better balance muscle activation of the VMO and VL and corrects the excessive knee abduction angle during jump landing,which may be helpful in relieving pain and improving lower limb function in patients with PFP.

Objective:To analyze the expression of miRNA involved in regulating retinal neovascularizationin in retinal tissue of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice.Methods:Eighty healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and OIR group at postnatal day 7(P7). Control group were not received any treatment and then exposed to room air. The OIR group was exposed to (75±2)% oxygen and then under room air at P12. Mice of all groups were euthanized at P17. Retinal neovasculation (RNV) was evaluated by counting the number of pre-retinal neovascular cells and analysing no perfusion area by immunofluorescent staining of the mouse retina.Total RNA was extracted from retinal tissue,and miRNA microarrays was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNA in the two groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed differential microRNA.Results:Compared with the control group,the retinal neovascular tufts and the no perfusion area were both significantly smaller than those in OIR group. The number of pre-retinal neovascular cell nuclei in retinas from control group were obviously lower than those in the retinas from OIR group ( t=9.025, P<0.05). MiRNA microarray analysis showed that 54 miRNA in OIR group showed statistically different expression in control group, 47 miRNA were up-regulated and 7 miRNA were down-regulated. The results of PCR were consistent with the trend of microarray. In GO analysis, 1112 items were significantly different ( P<0.05), and 65 items were significantly different in KEGG analysis of expression profile ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The miRNA expression in retinal tissue of OIR mice is different from that of normal mice, and these miRNA may be involved in the development of RNV. There are 54 miRNA expression differences in retinal tissue of OIR compared with normal mouse retinal tissue.

Objective:To evaluate changes in operational effectiveness after the implementation of ambulatory surgical management in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. 17 528 surgeries in 10 895 eyes of 10 895 patients who underwent minimally invasive PPV on an ambulatory and/or inpatient basis at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from August 2015 to June 2023 were included in this study. Among them, 5 346 eyes in 5 346 cases were male; 5 549 eyes in 5 549 cases were female. The age ranged from 0 to 95 years, with the mean age of (57.74±13.15) years. 6 381 surgeries in 3 615 eyes from August 2015 to December 2018 (the initial period of day surgery) were used as the control group; 11 147 surgeries in 7 280 eyes from January 2019 to June 2023 (the expanded period of day surgery) were used as the observation group. According to the management mode of ambulatory surgery, the observation group was subdivided into the decentralized management group (January 2019 to December 2020) and the centralized management group (January 2021 to June 2023), with 2 905 and 4 375 eyes and 4 646 and 6 501 surgeries, respectively. Changes in the percentage of day surgery, average hospitalization days, and average unplanned reoperation rate were compared. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare numerical variables between groups; the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Results:The number of cases of daytime PPV performed in the observation group and control group was 7 852 (70.44%, 7 852/11 147) and 24 (0.38%, 24/6 381) cases, respectively, and the average hospitalization days were 1 (1) and 5 (3) d. Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher percentage of day surgery ( χ2=8 051.01) and a considerably lower mean hospitalization day ( Z=4 536 844.50), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.000 1). The mean hospitalization days in the decentralized and centralized management groups were 2 (3) and 1 (0) d, respectively, and unplanned reoperations were 34 (0.73%, 34/4 646) and 171 (2.63%, 171/6 501) eyes, respectively. Compared with the decentralized management group, average hospitalization days was significantly lower ( Z=1 436.94) and unplanned reoperation rate was significantly higher ( χ2=54.10) were significantly lower in the centralized management group, both of which were statistically significant ( P<0.000 1). Conclusion:PPV ambulatory management model can significantly reduce the average hospitalization day, but also results in higher rates of unplanned reoperations.

SIRT6 is an important histone modifying protein that regulates DNA repair, telomere maintenance, energy metabolism, and target gene expression. Recently SIRT6 has been identified as a tumor suppressor and is down-regulated in certain cancer types, but not in other cancers. From deposited gene profiling studies we found that SIRT6 was overexpressed in prostate tumors, compared with normal or paratumor prostate tissues. Tissue micro-array studies confirmed the higher levels of SIRT6 in both prostate tumor tissues and prostate cancer cells than in their normal counterparts. Knockdown of SIRT6 in human prostate cancer cells led to sub-G1 phase arrest of cell cycle, increased apoptosis, elevated DNA damage level and decrease in BCL2 gene expression. Moreover, SIRT6-deficiency reduced cell viability and enhanced chemotherapeutics sensitivity. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence of SIRT6 overexpression in human prostate cancer, and SIRT6 regulation could be exploited for prostate cancer therapy.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; DNA Damage ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Sirtuins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation