The improved procedure for production of monospecific B.pertussis antiserum at the Institute of Vaccines satisfied the technical requirement, sterility specificity, sensibility and stability. Similar results were obtained with monospecific B.pertussis antisera issued by the United Kingdom.
Bordetella pertussis ; Immune Sera

Monospecific B.pertussis antisera prepared at IVAC, Nha Trang, Da Lat have been used in the identifying testing for the presence of agglutinogens 1, 2 and 3 in B.pertussis strains GL353, 360E, H36, 248, 305, 18323 and in vaccine final bulks L617, L617-636, L624-628, L627-634, L634-636, L613-614. Similar results were obtained with monospecific B.pertussis antisera issued by the United Kingdom.
Virulence Factors, Bordetella ; Bordetella pertussis ; Immune Sera

BACKGROUND: Polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) detection is useful to diagnosis of pertussis at initial stage because the growth rate of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) is relatively slow. Currently, the primer set for the insertion sequence IS481 (BP primer) is used widely for PCR detection of B. pertussis. However, the cross-reactivity of BP primer set with Bordetella holmesii (B. holmesii) was reported recently. Therefore, discrimination of B. pertussis and B. holmesii is needed in PCR step. For this reason, we developed new primer sets based on 16S rDNA sequence for diagnostic use and estimated the efficiency of these new primer sets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The specific PCR primers were designed from the aligned sequence matrix of 16S rDNA genes of various Bordetella species. The specificity of designed primers were estimated using clinically important 4 Bordetella species, B. pertussis, B. holmesii, Bordetella parapertussis (B. parapertussis) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica). The sensitivity to B. pertussis of designed primers was also estimated and compared with BP primer set. RESULTS: As the results, the developed new primer set successfully distinguished B. pertussis and other Bordetella species containing B. holmesii. In the sensitivity assay, the detectable limits of 16S-F2/16S-R1 primer set for B. pertussis were revealed as 5 pg of genomic DNA and 105 cells/mL of cell suspension. In addition to these, identical results between BP with primer and new primer were obtained in clinical samples. CONCLUSION: In this study, the specific primer set for B. pertussis was developed based on 16S rDNA sequence and this primer set did not show cross-reactivity to B. holmesii. In addition to these, the applicability of this primer set to the clinical specimens was also confirmed.
Bordetella ; Bordetella bronchiseptica ; Bordetella parapertussis ; Bordetella pertussis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Whooping Cough

BACKGROUND: Polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) detection is useful to diagnosis of pertussis at initial stage because the growth rate of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) is relatively slow. Currently, the primer set for the insertion sequence IS481 (BP primer) is used widely for PCR detection of B. pertussis. However, the cross-reactivity of BP primer set with Bordetella holmesii (B. holmesii) was reported recently. Therefore, discrimination of B. pertussis and B. holmesii is needed in PCR step. For this reason, we developed new primer sets based on 16S rDNA sequence for diagnostic use and estimated the efficiency of these new primer sets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The specific PCR primers were designed from the aligned sequence matrix of 16S rDNA genes of various Bordetella species. The specificity of designed primers were estimated using clinically important 4 Bordetella species, B. pertussis, B. holmesii, Bordetella parapertussis (B. parapertussis) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica). The sensitivity to B. pertussis of designed primers was also estimated and compared with BP primer set. RESULTS: As the results, the developed new primer set successfully distinguished B. pertussis and other Bordetella species containing B. holmesii. In the sensitivity assay, the detectable limits of 16S-F2/16S-R1 primer set for B. pertussis were revealed as 5 pg of genomic DNA and 105 cells/mL of cell suspension. In addition to these, identical results between BP with primer and new primer were obtained in clinical samples. CONCLUSION: In this study, the specific primer set for B. pertussis was developed based on 16S rDNA sequence and this primer set did not show cross-reactivity to B. holmesii. In addition to these, the applicability of this primer set to the clinical specimens was also confirmed.
Bordetella ; Bordetella bronchiseptica ; Bordetella parapertussis ; Bordetella pertussis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Whooping Cough

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Bordetella pertussis infection in children with chronic cough and its clinical features. METHODS: A total of 106 children who were treated at the outpatient service or hospitalized from January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017 were enrolled. Their nasopharyngeal swabs and venous blood samples were collected for Bordetella pertussis culture, multiple PCR and serum anti-pertussis toxin antibody detection. According to these results, the children were divided into pertussis group with 26 children and control group with 80 children, and clinical features were analyzed for both groups. E-test stripes were used to determine the sensitivity of Bordetella pertussis strains to erythromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxicillin. RESULTS: Of the 106 children with chronic cough, 26 (24.5%) were found to have Bordetella pertussis infection. There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of typical symptoms of pertussis between the pertussis and control groups (P>0.05). E-test showed that erythromycin and azithromycin had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 mg/L against five Bordetella pertussis strains, while amoxicillin had an MIC of 0.5-1 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS The presence of Bordetella pertussis infection in children with chronic cough should be taken seriously by clinicians, and children with chronic cough and Bordetella pertussis infection may not have the typical symptoms of pertussis and are mainly manifested as chronic cough. Amoxicillin may be an alternative drug for macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis infection.
Azithromycin ; Bordetella pertussis ; Child ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Whooping Cough ; epidemiology

The Chinese and English names of pertussis or whooping cough show the important clinical features of the disease in terms of its course and cough characteristics respectively. In the clinical description of typical pertussis, the meanings of the Chinese and English words are not completely consistent, such as spastic cough versus paroxysmal cough, spasmodic stage/phase versus paroxysmal stage/phase, and "back-hook" versus whoop, and some descriptions in English are not seen in Chinese. This article aims to provide more comprehensive information for the understanding of pertussis by comparing the descriptions of typical clinical manifestations of pertussis in Chinese and English literatures and to put forward suggestions for the diagnosis of pertussis syndrome based on typical clinical manifestations.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bordetella pertussis ; Humans ; Language ; Whooping Cough

Bordetella pertussis ; immunology ; Consensus ; Humans ; Pertussis Vaccine ; therapeutic use ; Whooping Cough ; immunology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and risk factors of pertussis in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and laboratory markers for immune function of 253 hospitalized children with pertussis. A total of 314 hospitalized children with cough were used as the control group. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect Bordetella pertussis DNA. The clinical data of both groups were collected to analyze the risk factors for pertussis. RESULTS: A total of 23 typical clinical parameters were compared between the pertussis and control groups, and there were significant differences in only 10 clinical parameters between the two groups (P<0.01). As for the complications observed in the two groups, the pertussis group had a significantly lower incidence rate of myocarditis than the control group (P<0.05). The pertussis group had significantly lower levels of serum globulin and IgM than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the pertussis group had a significantly higher proportion of children with a lack of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus immunization or timely immunization and a contact history of suspected pertussis patients (P<0.05). A lack of vaccine immunization or timely immunization and a contact history of suspected pertussis patients were risk factors for pertussis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The clinical features are not typical in children with pertussis. Quantitative real-time PCR for detecting Bordetella pertussis DNA helps with the early diagnosis of atypical pertussis. Infants/toddlers should be immunized in time and be isolated from suspected pertussis patients to reduce the incidence of pertussis.
Bordetella pertussis ; Child ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Whooping Cough

Pertussis is an acute, highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, and is one of the leading causes of infant disease and death worldwide. The pertussis vaccine has been used in the expanded program on immunization globally since 1974 and the vaccination coverage remains high. In recent years, the pertussis incidence rate increased, even pertussis outbreaks occurred, in more and more countries or areas after years with low incidence level. The disease burden of pertussis has been seriously underestimated, and the prevention and control of pertussis is facing many challenges. This article reviews the epidemic status of pertussis worldwide, the factors affecting the reemergence of pertussis, and the challenges in the prevention and control to provide a reference for prevention and control of pertussis.
Infant ; Humans ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control* ; Vaccination ; Pertussis Vaccine/therapeutic use* ; Bordetella pertussis ; Disease Outbreaks

PURPOSE: Active reduced dose tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination for adolescents and adults is necessary because waning immunity after primary diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination is related to the recent emergence of pertussis. This study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and protection efficacy against Bordetella pertussis between a new GCC Tdap vaccine and a commercially available Tdap vaccine in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with two doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine for priming and a subsequent Tdap booster vaccination. According to the type of booster vaccine, mice were divided into four groups: commercially available Tdap vaccine in group 1 and GCC Tdap vaccines of different combinations of pertussis antigens in groups 2 to 4. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and protection efficacy using a murine intranasal challenge model after booster vaccination were compared among the four groups. RESULTS: Every group showed significant increases in antibody titers against pertussis antigens such as pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin after booster vaccination. Spleen cells showed both Th1 and Th2 cell-mediated immune responses stimulated by pertussis antigens in all groups without any significant difference. In the intranasal B. pertussis infection model, bacteria were eradicated in all groups five days after challenge infection. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study did not show significantly different immunogenicity or protection efficacy of the new GCC Tdap vaccines compared to the commercially available Tdap vaccine, although a more extensive study is necessary to assess the differing efficacies of the new GCC Tdap vaccines.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Bordetella pertussis* ; Hemagglutinins ; Humans ; Mice ; Pertussis Toxin ; Republic of Korea ; Spleen ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Whooping Cough