Objective To study the effect of TGF-?1 on the activation of ERK MAPK in human bronchial epithelial BEP2D cells. Methods Western blot was employed to examine the time-dependent activation of ERK MAPK by TGF-?1. BEP2D cells were harvested after treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with 2 ng/ml TGF-?1 for 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min, respectively. Fluorescent dye staining and flow cytometry were employed to assess the apoptosis of BEP2D cells treated with vehicle, or with 2ng/ml TGF-?1, or co-treated with 2ng/ml TGF-?1 and 5?M U0126. Proliferation of BEP2D cells treated with vehicle, or with 2ng/ml TGF-?1 or 5?M U0126, or co-treated with 2ng/ml TGF-?1 and 5?M U0126 was assayed with colony-forming test, respectively. Morphological observation was performed to observe the morphological changes in BEP2D cells treated with vehicle, or with 5ng/ml TGF-?1 or 5?M U0126, or co-treated with 5ng/ml TGF-?1 and 5?M U0126, respectively. Results TGF-?1 activated ERK MAPK in BEP2D cell. The maximal activation of ERK MAPK took place at 60min after stimulation with 2ng/ml TGF-?1. TGF-?1 treatment effectively inhibited cell proliferation, and induced their apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Pretreatment with U0126, an inhibitor of ERK MAPK, significantly enhanced the TGF-?1-mediated anti-proliferation and apoptosis effects, and inhibited the effect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of TGF-?1 in BEP2D cells. Conclusion TGF-?1-induced phosphorylation of ERK MAPK may participate in BEP2D cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation.

Objective To identify the changes of DNA methylation profile in the process of malignant transformation of BEP2D cell induced by α particles.Methods The genomic DNAs were isolated from the malignant transformation BERP35T4 cells and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D.Genomic DNAs were digested by MseI and ligated of PCR linkers.Methylated DNAs were digested by BstUI and amplified by PCR.The methylated DNA probes were prepared by labeling with Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescence dyes individually and hybridized to the methylation CpG-Island microarray.The hybridization results were scanned and analyzed.Intensity values were quality controlled and normalized.The normalized data were used to identify the differentially expressed genes based on a 1.5 fold difference of the expression level.Results There were 16 genes which showed changes of methylation level in malignant transformation BERP35T4 cells, 9 of them were hypermethylation and 7 were hypomethylation.These genes were including the SKIP gene, PPP3CC gene, MAP2K6 gene, KIR2DL1 gene, KIR2DL4 gene, KIR3DP1 gene, ZNF493 gene, ZNF100 gene, NKX2-5 gene, TFAP2D gene, DR1 gene, KCNJ16 gene, CCDC18 gene, FNBP1L gene, IRX4 gene, EPB41L3 gene, TCP10 gene and so on.Conclusions The DNA methylation might have effects on ionizing radiation drived tumorigenesis.

Objective To compare the differences between two statistical methods for evaluating non-sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobial agents,and explore effect of non-consideration of clinical background on evalua-ting extent of bacterial resistance.Methods Data of Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp .in a hospital in the first half year of 2008,2010 and 2013 were collected and conducted statistical analysis with two methods (me-thod 1 :based on all clinically isolated bacteria;method 2 :based on infection-related non-repetitive bacteria),two methods for evaluating bacterial non-sensitive rates to antimicrobial agents were compared.Results The non-sensi-tive rates of Acinetobacter spp .to various antimicrobial agents :statistical results by using method 1 were generally higher than those using method 2,absolute difference between two statistical methods was 10.46%-33.77%;the non-sensitive rates of Staphylococcus aureus to various antimicrobial agents :except compound sulfamethoxazole in 2010 and 2013(difference were 6.17% and 10.21 % respectively),penicillin G (difference was 3.86%),erythromy-cin (difference was 2.71 %),and azithromycin in 2013 (difference was 2.43%),statistical results by using method 1 were generally higher than those using method 2,absolute difference between two statistical methods was 0-18.04%.Conclusion There are deviation in the non-sensitive rates of bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents by using two different statistical methods,deviation is larger in Acinetobacter spp ..The resistance level might be incorrectly higher when evaluating the resistance status without considering clinical background of bacteria.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning Province from 2017 to 2019 and analyze the impact of blood glucose control on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.Methods:A survey was conducted in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019 to collect the information about the prevalence of diabetes and other chronic diseases in the diabetes patients. The mortality of the enrolled subjects was investigated in September 2023. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between blood glucose control in the elderly with diabetes and the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality.Results:The crude prevalence of diabetes in the elderly aged ≥60 years was 20.2% (2 014/9 958) in Liaoning from 2017 to 2019, and the standardized prevalence rate was 19.9%. The prevalence rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity in the diabetes patients were 77.0%, 51.7%, and 67.5% respectively. The median follow-up time was 5.5 years, and the all-cause mortality and CVD mortality rates in the diabetes patients were 244.3/10 000 person-years and 142.9/10 000 person-years, respectively. The results of the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that compared with non-diabetic individuals, diabetes patients had an increased risk of all-cause mortality by 1.68 times [hazard ratio ( HR)=1.68, 95% CI: 1.44-1.94] and an increased risk of CVD mortality by 1.56 times ( HR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.29-1.89). The differences in risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality between the diabetes patients with normal fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and people without diabetes were not significant (all P>0.05). The failure to meet either the FPG or HbA1c target increased the risk of all-cause mortality (all P<0.05). For individuals who failed to meet the HbA1c target, there was an increased risk of CVD mortality (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The comorbidity rate of chronic diseases was higher in the elderly with diabetes than in the elderly without diabetes in Liaoning. Elderly diabetes patients can benefit from good blood glucose control.