Under the principle of giving priority to patient care, efforts were made to expand the functions of HIS in the dispensary of the ward areas. Using HIS to automatically create and print drug-dispensing labels that fit in with clinical needs and thus realizing paperless dispensation in the dispensary of the ward areas could not only reduce errors but also improve work efficiency and service quality. Medication records created automatically with HIS, in the process of which clinical data were automatically entered, were easy to use and provided complete and timely information, thus setting up a sound platform ofr the delivery of pharmaceutical service. A quantitative system for personnel appraisal and control was also established. Hence the enhancement of work efficiency and control level.

Objective To develop an HIS-based electronic medication record. Methods With the aid of the Windows 2000 platform, the clinical data of the patients from the relevant branch systems of HIS was loaded into the medication record management system by using PowerBuild, and then correlative data were processed and corresponding functions were appended. Results An HIS-based electronic medication record was successfully developed. Easy to operate and providing clinical pharmacists with full and accurate clinical data, it could be used both forprospective analyses and retrospective studies. Conclusion As a new mode of medication records, it has sound application prospects in hospitals with good hospital information systems.

Objective To shorten the time of drug reception for ward areas and improve the overall satisfaction level towards the hospital. Methods The process of drug reception for ward areas was optimized by means of information technology and through business process reengineering. Results The time of drug reception for ward areas was effectively shortened and work efficiency and the overall satisfaction level were improved. Conclusion Using information technology and implementing business process reengineering are effective measures that can be taken by hospitals to improve efficiency and satisfaction level.

BACKGROUND: Gentamicin bead chain is an effective drug delivery system for treatment of osteomyelitis, but it cannot be degraded, need to be removed by second operation, and can breed pathogens. As a result, biodegradable drug delivery systems become a hotspot. Nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate)-polyethylene glycol-gentamicin (nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS) is considered to be a good choice for the current predicament. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute or chronic toxic reactions of the whole body and local tissues, intracutaneous stimulation, cytotoxicity and hemolytic reactions after bone remodeling and implantation of nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS, thus providing a new kind of material for treating osteomyelitis. METHODS: Plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS was prepared using plastic fibrin glue as microsphere scaffold and nano-HA as the core carrier of GM that was coated with PHBV and PEG. The acute, subacute/chronic toxicity, implantation, hemolysis, cytotoxicity and intracutaneous stimulation tests were performed according to the evaluated criteria of medical implanted materials as wel as biological and animal trials recommended in GB/T16886.1-1997. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS was nontoxic and caused no apparent changes in liver and kidney function and serum biochemical indexes. Pathological examination showed that the implanted material was covered with tissues, and inflammation changes accorded with the general regularity of inflammatory outcomes. After implantation, the nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS was biodegraded and replaced by osseous tissues. The hemolytic rate of the material extract to the composite diffusion solution was 1.2%, which was below the standard criteria (5%). Human bone marrow cells cultured in vitro with the plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS grew normally with good morphology. There was no stimulation reaction according to the criteria after the diffusion solution was subcutaneously injected into the back of the animal. These findings indicate that the plastic nano-HA/PHBV-PEG-GM-DDS for treating osteomyelitis possesses excel ent biocompatibility and security.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of two tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ release assays in latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals. Methods The levels of tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γin 102 HIV patients from AIDS Outpatient Clinic of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital were detected by in-house tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ ELISpot assay and commercial T-SPOT TB kit, and tuberculin skin test (TST) were done at the same time. There were 66 males and 36 females,and the average age was 35. Results Seventeen HIV infected patients were positive in both IFN-γ ELISpot and T-SPOT TB methods, the sensitivity, specificity positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and compliance rates of ELISpot were 94. 4% ,94. 0% ,77. 3% ,98. 8% and 94. 1% ,respectively. Three patients were positive in both IFN-γELISpot and T-SPOT TB methods, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and compliance rates of TST were 16. 7%, 98. 8%, 75.0%, 84. 7% and 84. 3%, respectively. The average number of spots using three kinds of antigen ESAT-6, Pool A,Pool B obtained were 26. 89 ±5. 77,18. 96 ±4. 75 and 14. 51 ± 3.77, respectively. Only ESAT-6 and Pool B have a statistically significant difference (H=7.557,P = 0.022 9), no significant difference was shown between other groups. There was no significant difference between the positive rate and the CD4+ T cellls number(x2 =0. 860 8 ,P =0. 650 2) ,as the same as the T-SPOT TB (x2 = 1. 396 4, P = 0. 497 5 ). Conclusions The performance of this in-house tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ ELISPot assay was comparable to T-SPOT assay in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection, and the sensitivity and specificity of both these two assays were all much higher than TST. They canbe recommended in diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected patients.

Objective To establish neutralization assay based on H5N1 avian influenza pseudotyped virus in vitro and to evaluate neutralizing titer of convalescent serum from 2 patients with H5N1 avian influenza.Methods pHR-Luc,pCMV△8.2 and CMV/R-SH or CMV/R-TH were cotransfected into 293T cell by co-precipitation with calcium phosphate.Pseudotyped virus supernatant was harvested 72 h posttranofection and identified the expression of HA and P24 by Western blot,and then we analyzed infective activity of 200 μL supernatant of pseudotyped virus.293T cell integrated HA was prepared and anti-HA antibodies in convalescent serum were measured with FACS assay.Neutralizing titers of convalescent serums against Shenzhen and Thailand pseudotyped virus were determined based on calculating IC50 with neutralizing assay.Results Pseudotyped virus involved P24 and HA,and precursor protein HA0 could cleavage into HA1 and HA2 with biological activity.Pseudotyped virus possessed better infective activity,and RLA value was about 2 × 104 with 200 μL supernatant.Both convalescent serums contained anti-HA antibodies and had cross-reactivity against different virus clades with FACS assay.Both convalescent serums had neutralizingactivity and could cross-neutralize different virus clades.However,both serums'neutralizing titers against Shenzhen virus were higher than Thailand.Conclusion We successfully constructed infectious pseudotyped virus which integrated HA of Shenzhen or Thailand virus,and it could be used for evaluation of serum neutralizing activity fast,efficiently and safely with broadly application prospect.

Objective To evaluate the homing molecules expression of CD49d, CCRg, CD62L on T lymphocytes in AIDS patients before and after treatment with HAART. Methods The study was per-formed in 42 cases of AIDS patients and 18 cases of healthy controls. The expression of CD49d, CCR9 and CD62L on T lymphocytes in AIDS patients and healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. Software BD FACSDiva was used to calculate the percentage of expression. Results The number of peripheral CD4~+ T lymphocytes in group on-HAART was significantly increased compared with group pre-HAART (P<0.01) ; the frequency of CD3~+ CD49d~+, CD3~+CCR9~+, CD3~+CD62L~+, CD3~+CD4~+, CD4~+CD49d~+,CD4~+CCR9~+, CD4~+CD62L~+, CD8~+CD49d~+, CD8~+CD62L~+T lymphocyte in group pre-HAART were statistically decreased compared with group on-HAART and controls(P<0.05) ; The frequency of CD3~+ CD8~+ T lymphocytes was significantly increased compared with group on-HAART(P<0.05) ; the frequency of CD3~+ CCR9~+, CD8~+CCR9~+, CD8~+CD62L~+ T lymphocytes in group on-HAART were significantly de-creased than controls (P<0.001). Conclusion Not only the number of T lymphocytes sub-group, but the expression rate of gut homing molecules CD49d and CCR9, lymph node homing molecule CD62L on T lym-phocytes was changed in AIDS patients : the lower expression frequency of gut homing molecules CD49d and CCR9, lymph node homing molecule CD62L. Anti-virus therapy could partially reverse the immunologic pathological phenomena. CD49d, CCR9 and CD62L may be suggested to indicate the progression of AIDS and immunologic reeonstitution after HAART.

Objective To construct pseudotype retrovirus which integrates hemagglutinin(HA)of H5N1 avian influenza virus(AIV)isolated from human in Shenzhen.Methods AIV HA gene was amplified bv RT-PCR,then it was ligated with pGEM-T vector,and identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequenced.HA gene was cloned into CMV/R vector at the site of Sal Ⅰ and BamH Ⅰ.pHR-Luc,pCMV&8.2 and CMV-HA were co-transfected into 293T cell by co-precipitation with calcium phosphate.The pseudotype virus supernatant was harvested 72 h post-transfection and ultracentrifugation,and the HA and P24 expression on the surface of pseudotype virus was analyzed by western blot.Meanwhile.the infection activity of HIV-HA pseudotype virus was identified in different kinds of cell lines,including MDCK,HeLa,CHO and 293T.Results A/Shenzhen/406H/06 belonged to subclade2.3 with open reading frame(ORF)of HA gene encoded 567 amino acides,whose accession number was EF137706 in GenBank.HA gene was cloned into CMV/R successfully.After co-transfection of above vectors,it revealed that HA protein could integrate pseudotype virus by western blot,and precursor protein HA0 could cleavage into HA1 and HA2 with biological activity.Finally.HIV-HA pseudotype virus could infect 4 kinds of cell lines,which indicated its property of infectivity and catholicity.Conclusion The pseudotype retrnvirns wassuccessfully constructed,which can integrate HA protein of A/Shenzhen/406H/06 and had property of infectivity.It call be used in the further research,including selection of neutralizing antibodies and epitope analysis.

BACKGROUND: Xiaohuoluo pill can expel pathogenic wind, remove dampness and activate collaterals. It is used for treatment of Bi-syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness, pain and numbness in limbs.OBJECTIVE: To observe the pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity (including cellular immunity and humoral immunity), non-specific immunity [including complement 3(C3), mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and red blood cell (RBC)adhesion function] and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.DESIGN: A randomized controlled stratified trial.SETTING: Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice of 6 to 8 weeks were involved in this trial. Xiaohuoluo pills (components: Dannanxing, Zhichuanwu, Zhicaowu, Dilong, Ruxiang and so on; Chenli Pharmaceutical Factory,Guangzhou; Brach No. 19980612) were used in this trial. Rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 antiserum reagent kit (Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health) and reagent kit for measuring the antioxidizing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (Jiancheng Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing) were used.METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health during September 1998 to December 1999. ① To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on cock red blood cell (CRBC)-induced secondary immune response: Eight-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected.Twenty of 84 mice served as blank controls; The other 64 mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophos-phamide (CY) of 0.2 g/kgonce. On the 4th and 12th days, CRBC was intraperitoneally injected into the mice twice to induce immunoenhancing pathological models to form secondary immune response. Mice served as blank controls were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline; The immunoenhanced mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=20, CY, 40 mg/kg, intragastric administration, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=21, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (n=20, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.); once a day within 7 successive days. 19 days later, the levels of serum IgG and C3 were measured with single immunodiffusion method, and the level of circulating immune compound (CIC) was measured with polyethylene glycol precipitation method. ② To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH): Fifty-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected. On the 1st day, the mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of 10 g/L 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzen e (DNFB) of 50 μL for each. On the 4th day, the sensitized mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: Prednisone group (n=18, prednisone, 0.01 g/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=18, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.), model group (n=18, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), all once a day within 7 successive days. 11 days later, 10 g/L DNFB of 25μL was spread on the right ear of each mouse in each group. The swelling degree was calculated 24 hours later (The mass difference between right ear and left ear). ③ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on immune adhesion function of RBC of mouse: Thirty-six NIH mice, male and female in half, were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=12, CY, 20 mg/kg,I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=12, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.)and blank control group (n=12, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days. 7 days later, blood was taken from the orbit of mice for calculating the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and the rosette rate of RBC immune compound. ④ To observe the suppressive effect o20 Mg/kg, I.g.),Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) , once a day within 7 successive days; IgM-type hemolytic concentration (HC50)was measured at 2 hours after the last administration on the 7th day [ (Sample absorption / Absorption at HC50 of CRBC) ×diluted time]. The levels of serum C3 and MDA and the activity of SOD were measured according to the method from corresponding reagent kit. ⑥ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on agar granulation tissue hyperplasia in mice:Fifty-nine NIH mice were selected and given subcutaneous injection of 20 g/L agar of 0.5 mL for each. 24 hours later, the mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac, 10 mg/kg,I.g..), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days; On the 8th day, the mice were sacrificed. The hyperplasiainhibiting effect was presented in the form of the mass of agar granulation tissue in one kilogram body mass ⑦ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on acetic distortion reaction: Sixty-three NIH mice were se lected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac,50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg,I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.),once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, the mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mol/L acetic acid of 0.2 mL for each one. The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes were counted. ⑧ To observe the effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on the acute exudative inflammation evoked by dimethylbenzene, croton oil and carrageenan, and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates:Totally 219 NIH mice were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot:diclofenac group (diclofenac, 50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.) once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, dimethylbenzene of 25 μL was spread on the right ear for 20 minutes, or croton oil of 25 μL was also spread on the right ear, 4 hours later, the swelling of right ear was calculated (mass of right ear-mass of left ear). 10 g/L carrageenan of 20 μL was subcutaneously injected into the right foot, 3 hours later, the swelling degree was calculated (The difference of right foot and left foot); and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates was measured. ⑨ t test(t' test for heteroscedasticity) was used for comparing the difference in measurement data among groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity, non-specific immunity and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.RESULTS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice were involved in result analysis. ① The level of IgG and CIC of mice in the model group was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups respectively (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01). ② The swelling degree of mice in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group respectively ( both P ＜ 0.01). ③ The rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and RBC immune compound in the blank control group was significantly higher than that in the other 2 gro ups respectively (P ＜ 0.01). ④ The phagocytic index (K value )in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group, respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).⑤ IgM-type HC50 and the level of serum MDA of CY group and Xiaohuoluo pills group were obviously lower than those in the immune control group (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was higher than that of immune control group, there was no significant difference in the activity of serum SOD between CY group or Xiaohuoluo pills group and immune control group (P ＞ 0.05). ⑥The ratio of agar granulation tissue mass to body mass in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P ＜ 0.01).⑦ The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group were signifi cantly less than those of model group(P ＜ 0.01,0.05).⑧The ear swelling degree of dimethylbenzene-induced inflammatory models and croton oil-induced inflammatory models,and foot swelling degree of carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory models as well as the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the diclofenac group were significantly milder or lower than those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01),and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Xiaohuoluo pills possess pharmacological effects of immunosuppression, anti-proliferative inflammation, analgesia and antioxidation.

0.05), but significantly different between the cities(P