No abstract available.
Bony Callus*

No abstract available.
Bony Callus* ; Fractures, Bone*

No abstract available.
Bony Callus* ; Coinfection* ; Epidermal Cyst*

The optic canal begins to be formed by the fusion of two roots of the lesser wing of sphenoid. It is a funnel shaped tube measuring about 4~9 mm long and 4~6 mm broad. But the canal shows considerable variations in its caliber. The optic canal attains its full size at 3 and 5 years of age. Since the radiograms of the optic canal was taken in the living human subject first by Rhese (1911), various radiographic methods have been revised by many other scholars. The development of the radiographic technique made it possible not only to evaluate the morphology (size, shape and its symmetry) of the canal but also to find its pathology such as fracture, fissure, callus formation and abnormal shadow. In the radiogram of the optic foramen the most shows a quadrant of a circle in shape, being more or less elliptical, circular or quadrangular. The two principal diameters were measured: the A diameter, which is principal downward and outward at an angle, and the B diameter, which is at right angle to A (Goalwin, 1924). The average A diameter of normal adult optic foramen was reported to be 4.3 mm and the B 4.4 mm by Goalwin (1926, 1927). The average transverse diameter of normal optic foramen was said to be 5.5 mm by Harwood-Nash (1970). In Korea, normal Korean optic canal has never been surveyed roentgenologically. Theshape, size and symmetry of 312 normal optic foramen of 156 Korean were studied in the radiogram taken by Goalwin's method from January, 1974 to December, 1979. 1. The shape of the optic foramen was oval (42.4%), circular (28.4%), a quadrant of a circle (19.8%) and elliptical (9.4%). And 86% of the foramen showed symmetrical in shape. 2. The size of the optic foramen was as follows; A diameter is 4.73 mm (right), 4. 76mm (left); B diameter 5.00 mm (right), 5.06 mm (left); horizontal diameter 4.71 mm (right), 4.65 mm (left); vertical diameter 4.93 mm (right), 4.97 mm (left). Differnce between the diameters of the foramen measured by means of roentgenography and the actual diameter calculated by Goalwin's formula was 0.03~0.04 mm. 3. The diameter of optic foramen seemed to attain its full size at 5 years of age. The average size of each diameter before age 5 was shorter than that after age 5 by 0.44~0.96 mm (p<0.006). 4. There were no appreciable variations in size and shape depending on sex. 5. The optic foramen was same on the two sides (13.8%). Differences of 5% or less were noted in 41.8%; differences of 20% or less shown in 89.1%. 6. Differences between the diameters (A, B, vertical of the foramen of the right and that of the left were less in the symmetrical foramen than asymmetrical (p<0.04).
Adult ; Bony Callus ; Humans ; Korea ; Pathology ; Radiography

callus foemation was observed in both groups. New bone formation of conventional bur preceded that of Er:YAG laser, but there was no significance. And thermal injury was not observed in both groups. In 8 weeks after osteotomy, the osteotomy site was shown like almost normal bone by remodelling process. New bone formation of conventional bur preceded that of Er:YAG laser, but there was no significance stastically. Thermal injury was not observed in both groups. It can be concluded that there is no considerable difference in healing effect between Er:YAG laser and conventional bur, so Er:YAG laser is available to perform the osteotomy.]]>
Bony Callus ; Humans ; Mandible ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteotomy

1. The author found that the periosteal callus was formed on lateral side of the fracture in two cases of three posteromedially displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus associated with fracture of distal end of ipsilateral forearm which were considered as the torsion fracture. 2. The above result was peculiar out come of the torsion fracture. 3. The characteristic radiologic findings of the torsion fracture are. 1) The fracture line of the proximal fragment is transverse and irregular(bursting). 2) Multiple longitudinal splitting and waving on entire fracture line of distal fragment. 4. Twenty eight cases of 236 cases of extension varus fracture supracondylar fracture of humerus were identified with torsion fracture. 5. The torsion fracture was combined with hyperextension fracture in 3 cases, extension-adduction fracture in 6 cases, shearing fracture by direct blow on anterior aspect of flexed elbow in 12 cases, and shearing fracture by backward thrust of forearm in 4 cases.
Bony Callus ; Child ; Elbow ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus

Acute unstable tibial shaft fractures are common in these days of high energy trauma. There are many options for this common and complicated fracture. Flexible intramedullary nailing using closed technique is prevalent in that this has much technical, functional, and physiological advantages. We reviewed 51 cases of acute tibial shaft fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nailing. There were 3 nonunions (6%), and two refractures. Among 46 united cases, 8 cases (17 %) showed no bridging callus formation within 20 weeks. Followings are the results of average time reaching each of radiological bony progression stage for 46 united cases. l. Average time to earliest discernible callus formation (stage I) was 13.3 weeks (range:8-21 weeks). 2. Average time to definite and bridging callus formation (stage II) was 18.1 weeks (range:8-32 weeks). 3. Average time to some oblitetation of fracture line (stage III) was 32.8 weeks (range:17-50 weeks). 4. Average time to complete obliteration of fracture line (stage IV) was 14.0 months(range:12-18 months).
Bony Callus ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Tibia

Authors presented the experience of Ender nail treatment for the humeral shaft fractures in 24 patients. The results of treatment in all were satisfactory, though there were four cases of delayed union. Bridging callus was formed at 8.2 weeks on an average. The average clinical union time was 14 weeks. No complications developed during nailing procedure. A case of radial nerve palsy after fracture recovered spontaneously. Longer nails which hit the end of medullary canal of distal fragment distracted the fracture gap, and resulted in delayed union in 4 cases. Therefore, it is recommended to use the proper size of nail to avoid the distraction effect of the inserted nail, and to use two nails at minimum for better fixation. However, when intramedullary Ender nailing is properly done, single nailing also can give consistently good anatomic and functional results.
Bony Callus ; Humans ; Humerus ; Paralysis ; Radial Nerve

Costoclavicular syndrome is one of the four syndromes of thoracic outlet syndrome in which have similiar symptoms, and may result from cervical and thoracic scoliosis, formation of excessive callus or nonunion after fractures of clavicle or first rib. Conservative treatment may be offered. Surgical treatment includes scalenectomy with supraclavicular approach, transaxillary first rib resection with scalenectomy and correction of clavicular abnormality. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the result of surgical intervention in costoclavicular syndrome of a 38-year old man with clavicular nonunion after an operation.
Bony Callus ; Clavicle ; Ribs ; Scoliosis ; Thoracic Outlet Syndrome*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomic and functional outcome of retrograde intramedullary single wire fixation for metacarpal shaft fractures of the little finger. MATERIALS AND METHODS: hirty one consecutive patients with closed metacarpal shaft fractures of the little finger who have been treated with retrograde intramedullary single wire fixation were evaluated. Fracture union and angulation were analyzed radiologically, and clinical evaluations were performed including range of motion, DASH score and complications. RESULTS: Fracture union was achieved in all cases and callus formation was obvious at postoperative 41 days. Average angulation of fracture site was 3degrees in the coronal plane and 1.2degrees in the sagittal plane at the last follow up and no measurable metacarpal shortening was observed. Mean TAM was 253degrees and DASH score was 2.6. There were two cases of pin migration as intermediate complications. CONCLUSION: Closed reduction with subsequent percutaneous retrograde K-wire fixation produced good radiological and functional results. We recommend this minimally invasive technique which provides adequate fixation of displaced little finger metacarpal shaft fractures with good functional results and low morbidity.
Bony Callus ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular