OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of repairing rabbit radial defects with polyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology loaded with bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP), and find new carriers for growth factors.

METHODSPolyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology loaded with and without bovine BMP were used to repair the 15 mm radial defect in rabbit. Then the results of radiography, histology, scaffolds degrade rates and bone mineral density (BMD) were appraised to examine the effects at the 12th week.

RESULTSAt the 12th week postoperatively, all defects treated with bBMP were radiographically repaired. No radius implanted polyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds without bBMP showed radiographic and histological union. At experimental groups, longitudinal alignment of lamellar structure was observed histologically at the 12th week, indicating that remodeling of regenerated bone was complete in different degree. Of the three experimental groups, the bony regeneration and remodeling of callus in poly lactide-co-glycolide/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP) group was the best. The BMD values were beyond 70% of normal value at the 12th week while the PLGA/TCP scaffolds group was the highest, and no abnormalities were observed in the surrounding soft tissue in all groups.

CONCLUSIONSPolyester/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds prepared by rapid prototyping technology loaded with bovine BMP can repair a 15 mm radial defect of rabbit. As for the results, the PLGA/TCP scaffold is ideal and better than poly L-lactide-co-D, L-lactide (PDLLA/TCP) scaffold, but the ploy L-lactic acid (PLLA/TCP) is not so good for its low degradation rates.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Phosphates ; therapeutic use ; Polyesters ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Radiography ; Radius ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery

Bone transplantation is widely used in orthopaedics, and allograft bone transplantation is being more and more emphasized. In this article, the allograft bone combined with growth factors transplantation for repairing bone defects were reviewed. Moreover, the way to compound many growth factors and other material is the tendency of allogenic bone grafting, which enhance the opportunity of success in bone transplanting.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Bone Transplantation ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; therapeutic use ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore methods for one-stage repairing of nose deformity and alveolar cleft, as well as primary unilateral complete cleft lip.

METHODSThe nose deformity and alveolar cleft were repaired by Carstens' surgical methods, rhBMP-2 was used for correction of alveolar cleft.

RESULTSFrom 2004 to 2008, 45 cases of cleft lip were treated in the United States and followed up for 3-5 years. In 2007, 10 cases of cleft lip were treated in China and followed up for 1 year. All results were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSCarstens' surgical methods can be applied for early correction of nose deformity and alveolar cleft in patients with complete cleft lip.

Alveolar Process ; abnormalities ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nose ; abnormalities ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo determine whether an adenoviral construct containing bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) gene can be used for lumbar spinal fusion.

METHODSTwelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, 8 in the experimental group and 4 in the control group. Recombinant, replication-defective type 5 adenovirus with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and BMP-4 gene (Ad-BMP-4) was used. Another adenovirus constructed with the CMV promoter and beta-galactosidase gene (Ad-beta-gal) was used as control. Using collagen sponge as a carrier, Ad-BMP-4 (2.9 multiply 10(8) pfu/ml ) was directly implanted on the surface of L(5)-L(6) lamina in the experimental group, while Ad-beta-gal was implanted simultaneously in the control group. X-ray was obtained at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively to observe new bone formation. When new bone formation was identified, CT scans and three-dimensional reconstruction were obtained. After that, the animals were killed and underwent histological inspection.

RESULTSIn 12 weeks after operation, new bone formation and fusion were observed on CT scans in the experimental group, without the evidence of ectopic calcification in the canal. Negative results were found in the control group. Histological analysis demonstrated endochondral bone formation at the operative site and fusion at early stage was testified.

CONCLUSIONSIn vivo gene therapy using Ad-BMP-4 for lumbar posterolateral spinal fusion is practicable and effective.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Spinal Fusion

OBJECTIVETo explore the method to repair bone defect with bone-morphogenetic-protein loaded hydroxyapatite/collagen-poly(L-lactic acid) composite.

METHODS18 adult beagle dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups. In Group A, bone-morphogenetic-protein (BMP) loaded hydroxyapatite/collagen-poly(L-lactic acid) (HAC-PLA) scaffold was implanted in a 2 cm diaphyseal defect in the radius. In Group B, unloaded pure HAC-PLA scaffold was implanted in the defects. No material was implanted in Group C (control group). The dogs were sacrificed 6 months postoperatively. Features of biocompatibility, biodegradability and osteoinduction were evaluated with histological, radiological examinations and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements.

RESULTSIn Group A, the radius defect healed after the treatment with BMP loaded HAC-PLA. BMD at the site of the defect was higher than that of the contralateral radius. Fibrous union developed in the animals of the control group.

CONCLUSIONSBMP not only promotes osteogenesis but also accelerates degradation of the biomaterials. Optimized design parameters of a three-dimensional porous biomaterial would give full scope to the role of BMP as an osteoinductive growth factor.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; therapeutic use ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Bone Substitutes ; therapeutic use ; Collagen ; therapeutic use ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; therapeutic use ; Lactic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Radiography ; Radius ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Wound Healing ; physiology

The treatment of fracture has been greatly improved, but the incidence of nonunion is still high and which is a challenge that orthopedic clinicians. The treatment of nonunion has been the concern to the scholars. New technologys of surgical and non-surgical therapies continue to emerge, and achieve good clinical efficacy. In particular the development of non-surgical therapy has brought hope for non-invasive treatment of nonunion. This paper attempts to make a review of the status and progress of non-surgical treatment of bone nonunion which are more commonly used in clinical.
Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Fractures, Ununited ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; High-Energy Shock Waves ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Ultrasonic Therapy

Tissue engineering has been applied to various tissues, and particularly significant progress has been made in the areas of skin, cartilage, and bone regeneration. Inclusion of bioactive factors into the synthetic scaffolds has been suggested as one of the possible tissue engineering strategies. The growth factors are polypeptides that transmit signals to modulate cellular activities. They have short half-lives, for example, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), isolated from platelets, has a half life of less than 2 minutes when injected intravenously. Extended biological activity and the controlled release of growth factor are achieved by incorporating growth factor into the polymeric device. This review will focus on growth factor delivery for tissue engineering. Particular examples will be given whereby growth factors are delivered from a tissue-engineered device to facilitate wound healing and tissue repair.
Animal ; Biomedical Engineering/methods* ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/administration & dosage ; Cytokines/therapeutic use ; Cytokines/administration & dosage* ; Growth Substances/physiology

OBJECTIVETo systematically assess the clinical efficacy of bone morphogenetic proteins in the treatment of open tibial fractures.

METHODSBased on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-medicine Database, China Journal Full-text Database, VIP database were searched from their establishment to April 2012 in whatever language. Related journals were handsearched as well. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of bone morphogenetic protein for the treatment of open tibial fractures were included. The quality of the included trials according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version was assessed. The Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.1 was used for meta-analysis.

RESULTSThree RCTs totaling 851 patients were included. The results showed that bone morphogenetic protein had no significant differences in fracture healing [RR = 1.16, 95% CI (0.95,1.41), P = 0.15], but lower secondary interventions incidence rate [RR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.58, 0.89), P = 0.003]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of adverse events of infection [RR = 1.31, 95% CI (0.94, 1.81), P = 0.11] and pain [RR = 0.92, 95% CI (0.79, 1.08), P = 0.30].

CONCLUSIONBone morphogenetic protein has certain advantages in treating open tibial fractures. It needs more high-quality articles to assess the long-term effect of different courses of treatments. The above conclusion still needs more high-quality randomized controlled trails to be verified owing to the limitations of the number and quality of systematic review included studies.

Adult ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Tibial Fractures ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of artificial bone composite of bicoral, rhBMP-2 and PLA in repairing calvarial critical-size defects.

METHODSCalvarial defects in 24 rabbits were surgically made and then half of the defects were repaired with the artificial composite bone. Another half of them were repaired with bicoral/PLA composite and served as controls. Four rabbits in each group were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation, respectively. The treatment effects were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy and mechanical strength testing.

RESULTSNew bone was observed not only in the periphery, but also inside the artificial bone in both groups, but earlier and more new bone formation was observed in treatment group compared with control group. The mechanical strength test showed that the artificial bone in two groups, which had same mechanical strength before implantation, had significant different mechanical strength after operation. The strength of the artificial composite bone was higher than that of controls and was same with normal rabbit calvarial bone.

CONCLUSIONThe artificial composite bone possess a highly repairing ability, and the healing in bone defects may be accomplished by both osteoinductive and osteoconductive mechanism. The material may be used as a good substitute for bone grafting.

Animals ; Anthozoa ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Bone Regeneration ; drug effects ; Bone Substitutes ; therapeutic use ; Implants, Experimental ; Lactic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Skull ; injuries ; surgery ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

The feasibility of anterior lumbar intervertebral fusion with artificial bone in place of autogenous bone was investigated. Porous hydroxyapatite (HA)/ZrO2 ceramics loading bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) were implanted after removal of lumbar vertebral disc in rabbits. The adjacent intervertebral discs were also removed by the same way and autogenous illic bone was implanted. SEM observation and biomechanical test were carried out. Compound bone had a bit lower osteoinductive activity than autogenous bone by SEM (Osteoinductive activity of artificial bone in 12 weeks was the same as that of autogenous bone in 9 weeks). Biomechanical test revealed that compound bone had lower anti-pull strength than autogenous bone (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in anti-pull strength between compound bone at 12th week and autogenous bone at 9th week (P > 0.05). It was concluded that compound bone could be applied for anterior spinal fusion, especially for those patients who can't use autogenous bone.
Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*therapeutic use ; Calcium Phosphates ; Durapatite ; Hydroxyapatites ; Implants, Experimental ; Intervertebral Disk/surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae/*surgery ; Spinal Fusion/*methods ; Spinal Injuries/*surgery