Insecticidal protein genes from Bacillus thuringiensis are currently the most widely used insect-resistant genes. They have been transferred to many crops for breeding and production. Among them, cotton, maize, potato and other insect-resistant crops are commercialized, creating considerable economic benefit. In this review, we summarized advances in identifying functional genes and transgenic crops for insect resistance, compared different strategies for enhancing vigor of insecticidal protein and utilizing gene stacking as well as listing valuable groups of stacked genes. In addition, the methods for multiple gene transformation was discussed.
Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Crops, Agricultural ; genetics ; Endotoxins ; genetics ; Hemolysin Proteins ; genetics ; Insecta ; Plants, Genetically Modified

Objective To investigate the method for benefit management of medical equipment. Methods By analyzing the actuality of equipment management, problems were founded and the solutions were discussed. Results The problems are the repeated purchase of medical equipment, less use in some equipments, dis- accordance among equipment, card and account. Conclusions In hospital, medical equipment play a crucial role in medical affairs, teaching and scientific research, and can bring prominent economic benefit. Enhancing the scientific management in medical equipment, emphasizing the details, procedure and scientific investigation in management can promote the using efficiency, ensure the reasonable match in equipment as much as possible in order to make the hospital sustainable development.

Objective: To explore research the protective effect of ischemia preconditioning to rabbits′myocardium injury of ischemia reperfusion, and discuss its mechanism. Methods: We randomly divide rabbits into 3 groups ( 8 rabbits every group ) , namely non-operation group . ischemia reperfusion group ( IR ) . ischemia preadaptation group ( IP ), and observed the level of enzymatic dynamics of myocardium,SOD,MDA, ET and correlation peptide of calcitonin gene. Results: In terms of the level of enzymatic dynamics of myocardium, SOD,MDA, ET and CGRP, the differences between IR and IP are very obviously (P

[Objective]To study the effect of repairing of rat peripheral nerve defect with engineering artificial nerve composed with Schwann cells and poly lactic glycoli aced(PLGA).[Method]Human Schwann cells were vaccinated into PLGA tube with polyglactin 910.Sixty SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly with 20 rats in each one: group A,self-nerve graft;group B,Schwann cells artificial nerve;group C,pure PLGA.Evaluations of electrophysiological and histological examines were carried out 8 weeks ad 12 weeks after operation.[Result]The outcome of group B showed similar to group A in general and histological study,however it expressed slightly lower in electrophysiological study,muscle weight and nerve fiber quantity.Marked neuron could be found in spinal cord after group B had been traced.Large number of regeneration nerve fibers could be seen from electron microscope.[Conclusion]The tissue engineering artificial nerve composed with Schwann cells is able to repair 20 mm defects of peripheral nerve,and it has an approximate treatment effect to the self-nerve grafting.

BACKGROUND:Establishing a highly successful, safe, reliable standard spinal cord transection model is the precondition of studying spinal cord injury repair. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of preparing spinal cord transection model in rats and the effects of laminectomy on spinal cord. METHODS: We searched the randomized controled trials involving rat models of spinal cord transection in the databases of PubMed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:11 randomized controled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria (two in English, 9 in Chinese), and a total of 394 rats were included in the study. There were significant differences in the lower limb motor function scores (BBB scores) within 1-6 weeks after injury (WMD=-12.86, 95%CI-16.10 to-9.62,P < 0.01) and electrophysiological indices within 4 weeks after injury (WMD=15.36, 95%CI 11.36 to 19.36,P < 0.01) between spinal cord hemisection group and laminectomy group. The BBB scores after 6 weeks were not significantly different between these two groups (WMD=-10.28; 95%CI-24.20 to 3.64;P=0.15). There were significant differences in the lower limb motor function scores (BBB scores) within 1-6 weeks after injury (WMD=

BACKGROUND: Animal experimental study on spinal cord injury used injury mode and similarity of clinical spinal cord injury as an important reference index of selecting modeling approach.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference among the use of precision impactor, homemade Al en’s impactor, spinal cord compression method and clamping method in rat models of spinal cord injury, and to provide a new basis for the selection of the modeling method of a rat model.
METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were retrieved with computer from Building to June 20, 2015. Eligible literatures were included and analyzed by ADDIS software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 26 studies met inclusion criteria, containing 599 rats. After analysis of the inclusion studies, the model could be effectively made in each modeling method. The modeling method with effects from best to poor is as fol ows in order: precision impactor, clamping method, homemade Al en’s impactor and spinal cord compression method. According to the lowest mortality, there were precision impactor, homemade Al en’s impactor and clamping method. From the point of view of function and mortality, the use of precision impactor is the best. The use of homemade Al en’s impactor is the most economical. The clamp method could achieve a balance between them.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using low volume of low concentration isotonic contrast medium for 320 row coronary CT angiography.Methods 64 patients whose heart rate 70 beats per minute or less,normal cardiac rhythm,BMI≤24 kg/m2 were scanned using a 320 row dynamic volume CT with the tube voltage of 100 kVp and injection of contrast medium with a concentration 270 mg I/mL.Prospective ECG gating technique and adaptive iterative dose reduction algorithm reconstruction were used.In group A,22 patients were injected 50 mL contrast medium by a rate of 5.0 mL/s.In group B,21 patients were injected with the dosage of contrast medium calculated by 0.7 mL/kg and injection rate was 4.5 mL/s.In group C,21 patients were injected with the dosage of contrast medium calculated by 0.6 mL/kg and the injection rate was 4.0 mL/s.The attenuation value,signal-to-noise(SNR),con-trast-to-noise ratio(CNR),image quality and iodine intake between three groups were compared using One-Way ANOVA .Results There was no significantly statistical difference of age,sex ratio,BMI,heart rate between the three groups (P >0.05).However,the dosage of the contrast agent and different injection time had statistical significance (P <0.05).The attenuation value from group A to group B and then to group C was on the decline,the CT value of group A was obviously higher than that of group B and group C,and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05),and there was no significantly statistical difference between the group B and group C (P >0.05).The image quality,SNR and CNR in three groups did not have significant difference (P >0.05).The total iodine and iodine injection rate were lowest in group C.Conclusion In 320 row coronary CT angiography with 100 kVp tube voltage and iterative reconstruction algorithm,the patients whose heart rate 70 beats per minute or less,BMI≤24 kg/m2 injected the low concentration of contrast medium by 0.6 mL/kg dose injection can give a good image quality which can meet the diagnostic requirement.Mean-while,it can also reduce the iodine intake and the risk of contrast induced nephrology (CIN).

Objective To evaluate the relationship between 1H-MRS features of brain glioma and its pathological grade and invasiveness, and the correlation between those features and the expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and uPA.Methods The brain gliomas in 55 patients confirmed by pathology were divided into two groups: high grade and low one.An analysis of intragroup and intergroup differences in some metabolite ratios of 1H-MRS in the tumor parenchyma was conducted.The expression of MMP-9,VEGF and uPA in brain glioma was detected,and the correlation between the above three parameters and changes in metabolite ratios of 1H-MRS were explored.Results There was significant difference and correlation in Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratio in the tumor parenchyma between high and low grade(P<0.01).The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in tumor was significantly different(P<0.01) but with significant correlation(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference and correlation in NAA/Cr ratio and uPA expression(P>0.05).Conclusion VEGF and MMP-9 play an important role in the development of brain glioma.Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios provide an important reference for preoperative grading of brain gliomas and indirectly reflect the expression of VEGF and MMP-9.

Objective This paper expounds the present situation of the construction and probes into the development path of the medical characteristic disciplines,so as to provide guidance for the development of the characteristic disciplines of local medical colleges and universities.Methods According to the general characteristics of the discipline construction of the local medical colleges and universities,through the analysis of the current situation of the objective development and the restriction of the bottleneck,to analyze the new methods and new ways for the development of the characteristic disciplines in local medical colleges and universities.Results Medical characteristic disciplineconstruction should pursue sustainable development,mining subject characteristics;concise direction of research,enhance the level of scientific research;focus on academic exchanges,build talent echelon;integrate all kinds of resources,construction of subject group;building performance evaluation,pioneering achievement innovation.Conclusions Local educational institutions and medical colleges and universities should fully understand the importance of characteristic disciplines to meet the needs of local development and create brand culture.The characteristic disciplines with prominent advantages,reasonable structure and sustainable development should be established.

Objective To use metabonomics method to study the change of the basic materials of month rhythm of wei qi deficiency syndrome; To find the potential markers so as to provides a new way for the essence of the wei qi deficiency syndrome research.Methods Based on the autumnal equinox in lunar calendar month, the beginning of a month (the first day of lunar August), the middle of a month (the 15th day of lunar August), and the end of a month (the 30th day of lunar August) were set as the three days to draw experimental materials. Two weeks before drawing materials, 20 rats were randomly divided into control group and model group, 10 rats in each group. The model rats were modeled by the stimulus of fatigue combined with coldness and hotness. Control group rats received conventional breeding. The rats in the both groups during the three experiments received decollation and the blood was taken at the 12 o’clock at noon. HPLC-MS was used to detect plasma metabolites, and partial least squares were used to make statistical analysis on the data for comparing plasma metabonomics original data of control group and model group. Possible metabolic markers of wei qi deficiency syndrome were explored, and the potential makers of month rhythm change of wei qi deficiency syndrome were deduced.Results Oleamide, phosphatidyl glycerol, cortisol, proline, dimethyl fumarate, and eicosapentaenoic acid may be potential markers of wei qi deficiency syndrome in the beginning of a month. Sphingosine-1-phosphate, malic acid, cortisol, oleamide, carnitine, eicosapentaenoic acid and dimethyl fumarate may be potential markers of wei qi deficiency syndrome in the middle of a month. Cholesteryl acetate, threonine, cortisol, dimethyl fumarate, oleamide, eicosapentaenoic acid and pyroglutamate may be potential markers of wei qi deficiency syndrome in the end of a month.Conclusion Month rhythm change of wei qi deficiency syndrome may be influenced by oleamide, cortisol, eicosapentaenoic acid, dimethyl fumarate, and aconitic acid, and may be closely related to energy metabolism, meanwhile accompanied by regulation of cell, hormone and nerves.