A series of 12 cases of tumors located in the vicinity of foramen magnum are reported. Among them 4 were cranio-spinal type and 8 spino-cranial type. Pathologically 4 were neuofibromas,3 meningio-mas, 2 lipomas, 1 astrocytoma, 1 ependymoma and 1 chordoma. Most patients manifested upper cervical nerve root symptoms. In the cranio-spinal type, impairment of IX X XI XII cranial nerves and slight pyramidal symptoms were often seen.In spino-cranial type, paralysis and loss of sensation were promi-nant.Lumbar puncture and Queckenstedt test were done in 8 cases, and in 7 cases there was obstruction of spinal canal. CT scans of the cranium and upper cervical region were performed in 12 cases, and in 11 cases space-occupying lesions were revealed. CT scan was negative in one patient, and the diagnosis was established by amipaque meylography. Operations were done in all cases. In 2 cases belonging to craniospinal type, tumors were totally removed, and in other 2 cases tumors were subtotally removed. In four cases of extramedullary spino-cranial type, tumors were tollally removed. In 4 cases of intramedullary tumors, only in one case the tumor (ependymoma) was totally removed by CUSA. There was no operative mortality in this series. The diagonsis, differential diagnosis and operative technics were discussed.

Insecticidal protein genes from Bacillus thuringiensis are currently the most widely used insect-resistant genes. They have been transferred to many crops for breeding and production. Among them, cotton, maize, potato and other insect-resistant crops are commercialized, creating considerable economic benefit. In this review, we summarized advances in identifying functional genes and transgenic crops for insect resistance, compared different strategies for enhancing vigor of insecticidal protein and utilizing gene stacking as well as listing valuable groups of stacked genes. In addition, the methods for multiple gene transformation was discussed.
Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Crops, Agricultural ; genetics ; Endotoxins ; genetics ; Hemolysin Proteins ; genetics ; Insecta ; Plants, Genetically Modified

By different numbers of arteries occlusion among bilateral carotid (bCA) and bilateral vertebral arteries (bVA) of cats, effects of cerebral ischemia on the electrocardiogram, (ECG) was studied After bCA plus unilateral vertebral artery (uVA) and bCA+ bVA occlusion the duration of Q-T was prolonged from its control value of 0.21?0.04s to 0.23?0.08s and 0.25?0.1ls, and heart rate was also reduced from its contrl value of 179?33 beat/min to 173?27 beat/min and 151?39 beat/min (P

[Objective]To study the effect of repairing of rat peripheral nerve defect with engineering artificial nerve composed with Schwann cells and poly lactic glycoli aced(PLGA).[Method]Human Schwann cells were vaccinated into PLGA tube with polyglactin 910.Sixty SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly with 20 rats in each one: group A,self-nerve graft;group B,Schwann cells artificial nerve;group C,pure PLGA.Evaluations of electrophysiological and histological examines were carried out 8 weeks ad 12 weeks after operation.[Result]The outcome of group B showed similar to group A in general and histological study,however it expressed slightly lower in electrophysiological study,muscle weight and nerve fiber quantity.Marked neuron could be found in spinal cord after group B had been traced.Large number of regeneration nerve fibers could be seen from electron microscope.[Conclusion]The tissue engineering artificial nerve composed with Schwann cells is able to repair 20 mm defects of peripheral nerve,and it has an approximate treatment effect to the self-nerve grafting.

Objective To explore the effect of the standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) on extubation time for patients with nasal feeding. Methods One hundred patients with nasal feeding in our department from January 2013 to December 2014 were divided into the observation group and control group randomly with 50 in each group. The control group was treated with education on aspiratioin prevention and the right time for extubation was decided following doctor′s order. SSA was used in the observation group with weekly SSA and swallowing function, then the patients took pertinent functional exercises till a right time for extubation was decided. The two groups were compared in terms of incidences of re-intubation and aspiration pneumonia. Result The observation group had significantly lower incidences of re-intubation and aspiration pneumonia than the control one (P<0.01). Conclusions SSA is used to assess the swallowing function as well as the aspiration risks , which helps patients to take functional exercise and helps nurses to decide the right time for extubation. It can effectively lower the incidences of re-intubation and aspiration pneumonia and improve patients′prognosis.

Twenty four cases of meningioma of the sphenoid ridge were reported. The common symptoms and signs of this tumor were summarized. For practical use, it may be classified as medial and lateral types. The symptoms and signs of these two types are different. Carotid angiograms are helpful to show the blood flow of the tumor. This method cannot be replaced by CT scan. The tumors were removed in fifteen patients totally, among them two died. The authors considered that the most important things for successful operation are to control bleeding carefully, to treat all the blood vessels at the base of the tumor properly and to protect its surrounding important structures during the operation.

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of deep anorectal abscess. Methods Twenty-one patients who were suspected of having deep anorectal abscess were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2006 to December 2007, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Phased-array coil MRI was applied to all patients before the operation. We compared the efficacy of MRI and rectal digital examination in the classification of deep anorectal abscess and the diagnosis rate of internal opening according to the postoperative results. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with deep anorectal abscess, one patient had presacral cyst combined with infection and one patient had perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma. A total of 25 lesions were identified, including 14 ischiorectal abscesses, five pelvirectal abscesses, and six high intersphincteric abscesses. Thirteen patients had single space abscesses and six had multiple space abscesses. There were no significant differences in the diagnosis rate between MRI (12/19) and rectal digital examination for internal opening (13/19) (χ2 =0. 116, P>0.05). The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (25/25) and rectal digital examination (16/25) in the classification of deep anorectal abscess (χ2 = 10.970, P <0.05). Operative exploration revealed that there were 13 patients with single space abscesses and six with multiple space abscesses. The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (19/19) and the rectal digital examination (13/19) for detecting multiple space abscesses (χ2 =7. 125, P <0. 05). Conclusions MRI with a phased-array coil can accurately detect the extent of deep anorectal abscess and its relationship with anorectal sphincters. MRI examination is helpful in excluding potential lesions in the anorectal region.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in cerebral cortex under the condition of blood-brain barrier damage in rats following radi?ation-induced brain injury, which provided clinical references. Methods Forty-eight clean grade male SD rats were divid?ed into the control group and 7 d, 14 d, 28 d after brain irradiation group (n=12 for each group) by using stochastic indicator method. The radiation-induced brain injury model was established by using electronic computer X-ray tomography tech?nique. The 3%Evans blue (EB) was injected into rats according to the dose of 3 mL/kg via the tail vein, then the blood ves?sels of cerebral cortex were exposed after having a craniotomy. EB extravasation was detected by microcirculation micro?scope. The permeability of blood-brain barrier was evaluated by using microscope vascular camera device. The expressions of EBA and VEGF in the cerebral cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry staining in each group. Results Both of EB extravasation and VEGF expression in rat cerebral cortex were significantly increased in injury group at day 7, 14 and 28 after brain irradiation compared with those of control group (P<0.05), and which were gradually decreased from day 7 to day 28 after brain irradiation. There were significant differences in EB extravasation and VEGF expression between the injury subgroups (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between EB extravasation and VEGF expression (r=0.898, P<0.001). The expression levels of EBA were decreased at different time points in injury groups compared with those of control group (P<0.05), and gradually increased from day 7 to 28 after injury. There were significant differences in expression levels of EBA between injury subgroups (P<0.05). The expression of EBA was negatively correlated with EB extravasation (r=-0.866, P<0.001). Conclusion The increases of blood-brain barrier permeability have important relation to the decreases of EBA expression and the increases of VEGF expression after radiation-induced brain injury.

Objective To investigate the Influence of FOXC1 downregulating on biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) 5-8F cell lines. Methods Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of FOXC1 in human immortalized nasopharyngeal cell lines NP69, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines 6-10B with lower metastasis potential and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines 5-8F with higher metastasis potential. siRNA was used to downregulate the expression of FOXC1 in 5-8F cell lines, and then ability of migration and invasion were observed. Results FOXC1 protein expression level in NP69 cell lines, 6-10B cell lines and 5-8F cell lines were (0.27 ± 0.04), (0.7 ± 20.06), (1.08 ± 0.05) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Also ability of cell migration and invasion significantly weakened after FOXC1 depletion in 5-8F cell lines (P < 0.05). Conclusion FOXC1 might regulate invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through changing expression of Fibronectin and Vimentin, and FOXC1 may be an available target for molecular target therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease.CD can affect any location in the digestive tract,and it also affect other organs,including the eyes,skin,liver and joints,which are termed extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs).The cutaneous manifestations of CD are common and occur in about one-third of patients.EIMs of CD have been divided into 3 categories.(1) Specific lesion,cutaneous manifestations of CD were the same as histopathologic findings of underlying gastrointestinal lesion.(2) Reactive lesion,it was also inflammatory lesion which was usually accompanied by underlying gastrointestinal disease while inflammatory injury was different from histopathologic findings of gastrointestinal lesion.(3) Associated lesion,it was caused by sequelae of human leucocyte antigen and chronic inflammation.In the current era of ever-expanding therapeutic options for CD,some investigators have proposed a fourth category of EIMs,namely those that are therapy-related lesion.The therapy-related lesion is closely related to disease-associated conditions in light of certain skin findings,and there is potential overlap between them.