As you know, until very recently the worldidentifi ed Mongolia only by Chinggis Khaan, and knew Mongolia as a poor nomadic country, where people lived in Mongolian gers. In fact, our ancestors not only mastered the art of war but also the art of fi ghting against disease, the eternal enemy of humankind. As one of the birthplaces of ancient nomadic civilization, Mongolia was one of the earliest land areas where medicines were developed. Our ancestors were able to invent treatments for sickness. These treatments grew out of their particular life style as nomads and our ancestors passed these treatments on to the known world at that time. Mongolian Medicine is one of the world’s oldest known medical systems, with a history of approximately 5000 years. Discovery of medical facts in ancient times was closely related to the Chinese and Tibetanmedical sources [1].Methods of the Research1/ Source study method The source-study method initially includes research activities of book, literary works, sources and papers. We made historical study on date of birthand place of the authors and their literary works in order of the written time period starting from the earliest, thus comparing special, innovative and creative ideas in terms of content and mentality with other original literary works by using research materials in accordance with the research goal and objectives.2/ The Comparative Method It is an attempt to identify similar or contrasting characteristics if any person compares notes,observations and other materials of their own when conducting a research on something.This method is used to choose specifi c types of things and comparing them, identifying all similar aspects of the compared things and summarizing and drawing conclusion. 3/ Listing method Listing or checklist method was used to list facts and evidence related history of medicine form parts describing them. This method is easy to use for diversifying and classifying information and collecting data. It is also suitable for carryingout the fi rst phase of evaluation. Moreover, its is possible to foresee planned activities and convenient as well as easy to enterit to database making it the basis of creating facts and evidence database. We used this method to list and count all facts and evidence mentioned in the research materials.

Introduction There are determined that three species of Paeoniaceae Raf in Mongolia. Paeonia anomala L, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, and Paeonia intermedia C.A. Mey. The researchers of our country conducted a detailed chemical study of the medicinal raw materials of Paeonia anomala L and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. As a result of a relative study widely of the chemical composition of medicinal raw materials, it was found that they contain simple phenolic compounds, flavonoids, monoterpene glycosides, and tannins. However, it was found that there are biologically active compounds in the raw materials of Paeonia anomala L. It is essential to establish, explain, and study in detail the action of the leading chemical compounds and secondary compounds contained in the Paeonia anomala L, which are essential in traditional medicine treatment and are part of the prescription. In our study, ellagic acid, gallic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, and 1-O-galloyl-6 O-luteoyl-α-D-glucopyranose were isolated from the roots of the Paeonia anomala L. Among them, brevifolin carboxylic acid and 1-O-galloyl-6-O-luteoyl-α-D-glucopyranose were newly identified for the first time. These compounds have been found to be effective in treating liver disease. On the other hand, the traditional medicinal use of Paeonia anomala L is used as an important medicinal raw material for the treatment of ulcers, urinary tract stones, and dysentery. It is also used as a tonic for women in Chinese medicine. In traditional Mongolian medicine, Paeonia anomala L is used to improve men’s vitality and erectile function.

Introduction: Researchers Herbert Schwabl and Cecile Vennos highlight Tibetan medicine’s significance, noting that Gabur-25 was registered in Switzerland as Padma-28 in 1977. This formula is used internationally for improving blood circulation and treating heart pain, limb numbness, skin discoloration, ulcers, chronic inflammation, tinnitus, and dizziness. The primary ingredient in Padma-28 is Gabur-25.
The framework “Mkhan Chen Chos Kyi Rgyal Po’i Gsung ‘Bum Las Nyer Lnga’i Sde Tshan,” written by Mongolian healer Lama Gegeen Luvsandanzanjantsan (1639–1704), compiles 30 medicinal formulas, each containing 25 ingredients, including Gabur-25. This study examines its composition, quality, and efficacy. Results: A comparative analysis of Gabur-25 from Luvsandanzanjantsan’s work with compositions from “The Four Tantras of Medicine,” “Abstract of Nandin Erdene Extract,” and “The Four Mineral Waters” revealed 17 shared ingredients and 8 variations. These differences suggest adaptations for treating excessive heat-related conditions, gout, and cerebral palsy disorders. Conclusion Gabur-25 in Luvsandanzanjantsan’s work differs from other sources by seven medicinal ingredients. It is particularly effective for dispersing excess heat, treating gout-related disorders, and aiding paralysis-influenced conditions. This distinction highlights Gabur-25 as a modified formulation tailored to regional ailments based on the author’s experience. The study underscores the evolving nature of traditional Tibetan medicine and its adaptation to specific health conditions.

Introduction: This time, we will clarify the terms used to express the traditional medical knowledge of Turks, Arabs, Persians, Khotons, or Uyghurs that have not been deeply explored by researchers in the book “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink.” In addition, we propose to lay the foundation for studying the level of ancient medical relations between the ancient Mongols and Islamic countries and to create a new direction of research. Therefore, it is important to conduct a detailed study based on the sample of words related to food, drink, and herbal medicine of Islamic countries such as Turks, Arabs, Persians, and Uyghurs in the book “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink” besides from Chinese medicine. The aim of the research: To explain the names of food and drink of Turkic, Arabic, and Khoton (Uyghur) origin in the “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink” of 1330 AD. Research results Paul D. Buell and Eugene N. Anderson (2010), who translated the book “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink” into English titled “A Soup for the Qan” with an explanation, have extensively and seriously considered how the book relates to the Islamic world. These researchers also say that “the diet, medicinal plants, and grains of the Islamic world reflect a common Middle Eastern (Iranian-Arab) culture rather than the specifics of the Turkic peoples. However, since Turkic elements are dominant in other parts of Islamic culture, there is no doubt that the Turkic forms of some Arabic and Iranian words are often found in “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink.” Therefore, we have selected some words from Paul D. Buell and Eugene N. Anderson’s book “A Soup for the Qan” and considered them to be Turkic, Persian, and Arabic words. In fact, there are 36 Turkic origin words, 4 Persian origin words, and 5 Arabic origin words. However, if we look closely, we find that there are quite a few Mongolized Turkic words and Turkized Mongolian words. Conclusion: In the book “A Soup for the Qan” translated from Chinese with commentary into English by Paul D. Buell and Eugene N. Anderson, words of Turkic, Persian, and Arabic origin, namely 36 Turkic words, 4 Persian words, and 5 Arabic words, were selected and noted. Our research revealed that 11 of these 45 chosen words were Mongolian or Mongolian words of Turkic origin after thorough analysis. This result is in line with Bold Sharav’s 2022 book, which explained and noted that there were 23 Mongolian words in “Fundamental Principles of Food and Drink,” and it became clear that there were a total of 34 Mongolian or Mongolian words of Turkic origin words.

Introduction: Among the ancient medical books, manuscripts written in clear script, with unique vocabulary and treatment methods, have been found. The vocabulary in this work is very ancient, and the treatment methods are systematic, with few mentions of theoretical concepts. Most of the unfamiliar words were written in the pronunciation of the ancient Oirat Torghut and Dorbet. Some of these words were of Uyghur and Sartuul (Khui Khui) origin. Therefore, we worked to determine when and by whom this book was written, what its content was, and which direction of medicine it belongs to. Objectives: To study an ancient book written in clear script, containing Islamic medical knowledge, found in Mongolia. Results “The Healing Charm of Blue Ram” (Khökh khutsyn uvdis orshivai) records that Genghis Khan ordered Chagatai Khan to send him medical books from his land. He may have been in poor health shortly after the founding of the Chagatai state in 1225. Thus, he ordered Chagatai to send him books containing medical methods. It is reasonable to assume that the books were sent in 1226. At that time, the Chagatai state was highly developed, consisting of many ethnic groups, including Khorezm, Sartuul, and Uyghurs, who practiced Islam. In particular, the medical field was well advanced, resulting in many excellent doctors and medical books. We tried to list and explain a total of 15 words from “The Healing Charm of Blue Ram,” with many more to explore in the future. In general, it is hypothesized that many vocabulary related to medicine have spread to the Mongolian vocabulary through Arabic, Turkic, Uyghur, and Sartuul among the Western Mongolians. Conclusion: The ancient book “The Healing Charm of Blue Ram” found in Mongolia, written in clear Mongolian script, contains Islamic medical knowledge, as well as traditional Mongolian medicine methods, as is clear from the explanations of some vocabulary related to medicine. In the future, it is important to further clarify how Mongolian medicine and Islamic medical knowledge influenced each other and the contribution of Mongol khans to the development of the Ilkhanate and the Chagatai state in the study of the history of Mongolian medicine.