Ketoconazole(KET) is a new imi-dazole derivative with broad antimycotic spectrum. In order to verify the clinical toxic and side effect and its properties in animals, we made a long-term toxicity test for 30 days. Dosages of 70, 35 and 17. 5 mg?kg-1?d-1(e-quivalent to 21, 10. 5 and 5. 2 times of the clinical dosage) were given ig to dogs. The salivation , vomiting, anorexia, decrease in heart rate and loss of weight occurred in the large dosage group. Half of the dogs died from toxicosis within ig 15 days. Laboratory examination showed that the activities of ALT, LDH and ALP, the content of T-BIL, BUN in serum in-creased in this group. Pathological examination revealed that there were some pathological changes in the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and sex gland in the group. There were no significant changes in other dosage groups compared with the normal control group. After withdrawal of KET, all toxic symptoms disappeared and the abnormal indexes were restored. The results indicated that toxic target organs of KET were liver, kidney, adrenal gland and sex glands. The safe dosage for dogs was about 17. 5 mg?kg-1?d-1.

BACKGROUND: Besides being a basic growth factor crucial to maintain and promote the development, differentiation and survival of the central nervous system, nerve growth factor(NGF) also plays an important role in the repair of injured peripheral nerves.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the muscular injection of NGF on the regeneration and functional recovery of rat sciatic nerve after crush injury.DESIGN: A randomized controlled pilot study in rats with repeated observation and measurement.SETTING: Center for new drug evaluation in a military medical university.MATERIALS: This study was performed in the Center for New Drug Evaluation, Department of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University during the period from July 1999 to March 2000, using 40 SD rats weighing 200 to 250 g(of either sex of half number) provided by the Sino-British SIPPR/BK Lab Aninal Ltd (Shanghai).METHODS: Forty rats were randomized into high-, mid- and low-dose NGF treatment groups, normal control group and model control group. The sciatic nerves were clamped at 6 nm distal to the sciatic notch to induce a 4-mm-wide area of crush injury. In the high-, mid-; and low-dose NGF groups, the rats were given NGF at 8, 4 and 2 μg/kg per day(corresponding to 1.6 × 10 3, 8 × 10 2 and 4 × 10 2 IU/kg per day) respectively via the muscular injection for 56 consecutive days.(NCVs) and sciatic function index(SFI) at different time points after the RESULTS: Compared with that of the model control group, the NCVs significantly increased in the high-dose NGF group 35 and 56 days after the injury,and in the mid-dose NGFgroup at 35 days(t=2.32-5.14, P ＜0.05-0.01 ). The SFIs significantly increased in all NGF-treated groups at 14 days ( t = 2. 29-6.28, P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ), with the recovery most conspicuous in high-dose NGF group; No significant difference in the SFIs was found between the NGF-treated groups on the 56th day. Morphological examination of the tissues identified no significant difference in the nerve myelin sheaths and axons in NGF-treated groups as compared with the normal control group,while in the model control group, myelin sheath dislocation with unclear microstructure was observed, accompanied by Schwann cell degeneration and necrosis.CONCLUSION: NGF promotes the repair of the damaged nerve myelin sheath and axon and stimulates nerve fiber regeneration and function recovery of the crushed rat sciatic nerves.

The quality management of drug research,development,registration,production and marketing strengthened by good practice for pharmaceuticals ensure the drag safety,effectiveness and quality control.Teaching of new drug research and evaluation in compliance with good practice for pharmaceuticals will be of value in making teaching content close to actual work,extending the students'knowledge and training student's good habits in scientific study.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections guided by electromyography in combination with electrical stimulation in the treatment of upper limb spasticity poststroke.Methods Forty-five patients with upper limb spasticity following stroke were recruited.They received multiple intra-muscular BTX-A injections guided by electromyography and electrical stimulation.Rehabilitation training was administered after the BTX-A injections.The results were assessed using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),the Fugl-Meyer upper limb assessment (FMA),active range of movement (AROM) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).All the assessments were performed at the baseline,and then 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,and 3 months after the injections.Results Compared with the baseline scores the MAS,FMA,AROM and MBI results had all obviously improved by 2 weeks after the BTX-A injections.Compared with 2 weeks after the injections,the FMA and AROM scores at 1 month were significantly higher and there were further significant improvements at 3 months.No patient demonstrated obvious side effects from the therapy.Conclusion BTX-A injection guided by electromyography and electrical stimulation is safe and has definite beneficial effects on upper limb spasticity after stroke.

The effects of amino acid electuary on experimental liver fibrosis in rats with chronic liver injury induced by CCI4 were studied. The results showed that the electuary could prevent the decrease in body weight and food intake, reduce the levels of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities, elevate contents of total serum protein and serum albumin, normalize the serum ratio of BCAA to AAA and disordered amino acid pattern and suppress degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis of liver tissues in rats with chromc liver injury. These results indicate that the amino acid electuary has beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.

The effects of amino acid electuary (Ganan Elemental Granules) on experimental acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine in rats were studied. The results showed that the electuary could significantly prevent the decrease in body weight and food intake, the prolongation in time of blood coagulation time and increase in the levels of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity, elevate contents of total serum protein and serum albumin, normalize the serum ratio of BCAA to AAA and disordered amino acid pattern, increase survival of animals and improve encephalopathy in rats with acute hepatic failure. These results suggest that the amino acid electuary has a better protective effects on acute hepatic failure.

Objective:To investigate the long-term toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11) in cynomolgus. Methods: Eighteen cynomolgus were randomized into 4 groups: control group(2/sex), low dose group(2/sex), medium dose group(2/sex)， and high dose group(3/sex). The drug groups were sc adminstered 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg of rhIL-11 for 90 days with a 30-day recovery period. The clinical signs were observed, electrocardiogram, hematological, biochemical, urinary and immunological parameters were measured, organ masses were weighed, bone marrow and pathological histology were observed. Results: The food consumption, body mass of the drug groups were decreased, the body temperature was increased transiently. One of the low dose group showed restricted movements and tremors. One of the high dose group vomited and another died. Reduced red blood cell(RBC) count, hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, hematocrit(Hct), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), dose-related increase of platelet(Plat) counts were present in drug groups. Biochemical examinations revealed dose-related decreases in serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), total proteins(TP) and albumin(Alb) increases in serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels. Positive antibody responses were seen and circulatory immune complex(CIC) was significantly increased in all drug groups. Hypertropy of marrow megakaryocyocytes was noted in the medium and high dose groups. The heart and liver masses were slightly increased in all treatment groups. Treatment-related microscopic findings included dose-related degeneration in the liver and the kidney. The adverse effects were reversed by the end of the recovery period. Conclusion: The target organs and systems are blood, liver, kidney, immmue system and bone marrow. The toxicity injuries were reversible and the no-toxic-effect level is 0.1 mg/kg.

The paper sorts out the achievements in informatization construction of disease prevention and control in the United States,summarizes the construction features,and puts forward the objective,requirements,functions and contents of Informatization construction of disease prevention and control of People's Armed Police forces in China based on its current situations.

Objective To explore the effect of adriamycin, bleomyein, vincristine and dacarbazinum (ABVD) chemotherapy scheme executed at day I and day 8 for primary Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL). Methods 62 patients with primary HL in stages Ⅱ-Ⅳ treated in our department from October 2005 to October 2006 were divided into group A and B at random with 31 patients in each group. The patients in group A received ABVD chemotherapy scheme executed at day 1 and day 8 for 6-8 cycles. The patients in group B received ABVD chemotherapy scheme executed at day 1 and day 15 for 6-8 cycles. The patients of the groups received radiotherapy by the same doctor after chemotherapy according to the patients condition and the radiotherapy regimens were not affected by the grouping. Results The complete remission rate (CR)in group A after chemotherapy was 90. 3% (28/31);the one-year and two-year disease free survival (DFS) rates were 87. 1% (27/31) and 80.0% (20/25)respectively. The CR rate in group B after chemotherapy was 83.9% (26/31);the one-year and two-year DFS rates were 80. 6% (25/31)and 72. 0% (18/25) respectively. The discrepancy of CR rates and the one-year and two-year DFS rates between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The incidences of therapeutic side effecte such as myocardial iscnemia grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ liver function impair-ment,pulmonary fibrosis and serious marrow inhibition between the two groups were not significant too (P > 0.05). Average chemotherapy period for the patients in group A was 159 days; it was 69 days shorter than that in group B. Conclusion The CR rate,1-year DFS rate and 2-year DFS rate of ABVD chemotherapy scheme executed at day 1 and 8 are similar to those of ABVD chemotherapy scheme executed at day Ⅰ and 15 for primary HL in stages Ⅱ-Ⅳ. The side-effects of chemoterapy between group A and B are similar too. The chemotherapy period in group A is shortened significantly.

Shiwei Dangguiyin(SWDGY)is mainly composed of Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Adenophorae,Radix Notogenseng,Radix Bupleuri,etc. Oral administration of SWDGY could significantly inhibit the metatarsal swell- ing eaused by dimethylbenzene in rats,raise the pain threshold in hot-plate test and depress the torsive reaction caused by acetic acid in mice.In vitro SWDGY exerted bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Bacil- lus pyocyaneus,Escherichia coli,Streptococcus A,B and C.It was shown that SWDGY possessed anti-inflammatory,analgesic and antiseptic effects in vitro.In mice LD_(50) of SWDGY by oral administration was more than 840g/kg.Affer cral adminstration in a daily dose of 189.Sg/kg continuously for one month in rats, no toxic reactions appeared,This dosage was 118.6 times as much as the clinical one.