AIM: To explore the expressions and significance of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains-2 (Tie-2) receptors in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: Wistar rats (n=42) were divided into control group (n=12) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group (n=30). Control group underwent sham operation, and CLP group underwent cecal ligation and puncture to make the model of ALI. 12 h after sham operation or CLP, 6 rats in each group were killed, and arterial blood gas analysis and lung coefficient were tested. The expressions of Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptors in lung tissue were observed by immunohistochemical method. Blood samples of the rest rats were collected from vena caudalis, and Ang-2 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mortality rate in each group within 36 h was compared. The lung architecture was observed under microscope. RESULTS: The lung architecture in control group was clear and intact. Alveolar septum was thicker, blood capillary was congested, and neutrophils and macrophages were infiltrated in the lung tissue in CLP group. Tie-2 receptors were expressed in bronchial epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in control group. Besides the similar expression as control group, high expression of Tie-2 on neutrophils and macrophages in CLP group was observed. In the adhesion location of Tie-2 receptors positive inflammatory cells, there was stronger staining in endothelial cells. Ang-2 was expressed in smooth muscle cells, bronchial epithelial cells and endothelial cells in control group. The Ang-2 level in CLP group were higher than that in control group [(8.14±1.74) μg/L vs (4.63±0.49) μg/L, P<0.01], and the Ang-2 level of dead rats was higher than that of survival rats within 36 h in CLP group [(8.95±1.61)μg/L vs (6.80±0.96)μg/L, P<0.01]. Oxygen partial pressure in control group was lower (P<0.01) and lung coefficient was higher (P<0.01) than that in CLP group. CONCLUSION: Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptors may participate in the pathophysiology of ALI, and Ang-2 level is correlated with mortality.

Objective To explore the association between HbA1c and acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in youth. Methods Seventy-two AMI patients (≤44y) diagnosed during the period from January in 2009 to August in 2012 were enrolled and 79 young age-matched adults without coronary artery disease at the same period were enrolled to be control group. The relationship between HbA1c, fasting blood-glucose(FBG) and AMI was explored. Results (1)Compared with the control group,the plasma FBG and HbA1C value were significantly higher(P<0.05) in AMI group. (2)Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c is the independent risk factor for AMI in youth. (3)In AMI group, the HbA1c level in single vessel disease had remarkable difference with that in double vessel disease and triple vessel disease(P<0.05). Conclusions Increasing HbA1c level is the independent risk factor for AMI in youth,and positively correlated with the degree of coronary artery lesions. Primary intervention of glycometabolism abnormality possibly becomes the new opinion for prevention and cure of AMI.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different P2Y12 inhibitors on the long-term prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with or without the CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) gene. Method:266 consecutive ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. According to the CYP2C19 LOF genotype, the patients were divided into rapid metabolizing-type (without the CYP2C19 LOF gene) and moderate-slow metabolizing type (with the CYP2C19 LOF gene). Each type was divided into the A group (with diabetes) and the B group (without diabetes). Each group was divided into the ticagrelor subgroup and the clopidogrel subgroup according to the type of P2Y12 platelet inhibitor. The MACE events were recorded for each subgroup over 3 years, and the prognostic impact of the CYP2C19 LOF genotype and the type of P2Y12 used were analyzed. Results:There were no significant differences in MACE, revascularization, stroke, heart failure rehospitalization, major bleeding, or all-cause mortality among subgroups of patients with rapid metabolizing type at 3 years after PCI (all P>0.05). In patients with moderate-slow metabolizing-type, the use of tegretol significantly reduced the probability of MACE events and cardiac revascularization (all P<0.01) and significantly reduced the reoccurrence of heart attack in patients with DM. Conclusions:In DM combined with ACS patients with rapid metabolizing type, the choice of different P2Y12 inhibitors after PCI had no significant effect on their prognosis. In DM combined with ACS patients with moderate-slow metabolizing type, tegretol not only significantly reduced the incidence of MACE, revascularization, and reinfarction, but also did not increase the risk of major bleeding. In terms of reducing the reoccurrence of heart attack, the benefit of using tegretol in the DM patients was greater than in the non-DM patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the ischemic post-conditioning (IPC) on the prevention of the cardio-renal damage in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Methods: A total of 251 consecutive STEMI patients underwent PPCI in the heart center of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, control, single-blinded, clinical registry study. Patients were randomly divided into IPC group (123 cases) and control group (128 cases) with random number table. Patients in IPC group underwent three times of inflation/deflation with low inflation pressure using a balloon catheter within one minute after culprit vessel blood recovery, and then treated by PPCI. Patients in control group received PPCI procedure directly. The basic clinical characteristics, incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia during the procedure, the rate of electrocardiogram ST-segment decline, peak value of myocardial necrosis markers, incidence of contrast induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI), and one-year major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) which including myocardial infarction again, malignant arrhythmia, rehospitalization for heart failure, repeat revascularization, stroke, and death after the procedure were analyzed between the two groups. Results: The age of IPC group and control group were comparable((61.2±12.6) vs. (64.2±12.1) years old, P=0.768). The incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia during the procedure was significantly lower in the IPC group than in the control group(42.28% (52/123) vs. 57.03% (73/128), P=0.023). The rate of electrocardiogram ST-segment decline immediately after the procedure was significantly higher in the IPC group than in the control group (77.24% (95/123) vs. 64.84% (83/128), P=0.037). The peak value of myocardial necrosis markers after the procedure were significantly lower in the IPC group than in the control group(creatine kinase: 1 257 (682, 2 202) U/L vs. 1 737(794, 2 816)U/L, P=0.029; creatine kinase-MB: 123(75, 218)U/L vs.165(95, 288)U/L, P=0.010). The rate of CI-AKI after the procedure was significantly lower in the IPC group than in the control group(5.69%(7/123) vs. 14.06%(18/128), P=0.034). The rate of the one-year MACE was significantly lower in the IPC group than in the control group(7.32%(9/123) vs. 15.63% (20/128), P=0.040). Conclusion The IPC strategy performed eight before PPCI can reduce myocardial ischemia- reperfusion injury, decline the rates of CI-AKI and one-year MACE significantly in STEMI patients, thus has a significant protective effect on heart and kidney in STEMI patients. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR-ICR-15006590.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the selection of different P2Y 12 inhibitors and the long-term prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with and without CYP2C19 defect gene. Method:289 consecutive ACS patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Tianjin Third Central Hospital from March 2016 to October 2016 were selected for CYP2C19 gene polymorphism detection. According to the detection results, the patients were divided into group A (with CYP2C19 loss-of-function gene, 199 cases) and group B (without CYP2C19 loss-of-function gene, 90 cases). After PCI, different P2Y 12 inhibitors were selected. The patients were followed up for 3 years, and 23 cases were lost to follow-up. Finally, 182 cases were enrolled in group A and 84 cases were enrolled in group B. According to whether there were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 3 years, the patients in groups A and B were divided into MACE subgroups (58 cases, 32 cases) and non-MACE subgroups (124 cases, 52 cases). The single factor analysis of the two subgroups in groups A and B was carried out based on the patient's clinical data, coronary artery disease and intervention status, and postoperative drug treatment plan. Risk factors with statistical significance ( P<0.05) were selected, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on groups A and B to compare the effects of different P2Y 12 inhibitors on the prognosis of the two groups. Results:The differences in platelet volume, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, proportion of single-branch lesions, proportion of intervention for left main lesions, and dual antiplatelet therapy were statistically significant between the two subgroups in group A (all P<0.05). The differences in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, proportion of two-branch lesions, proportion of three-branch lesions, and proportion of using tirofeben were statistically significant between the two subgroups in group B (all P<0.05). In the group A, the choice of different P2Y 12 inhibitors was the independent risk factor for the long-term prognosis. Compared with patients treated with Ticagrelor, the probability of long-term MACE was 11.971 times larger ( OR=12.971, 95% CI: 5.028~33.464, P<0.001) among patients treated with Clopidogrel 75 mg/day, and 5.029 times larger ( OR=6.029, 95%CI: 2.278~15.958) among patients treated with Clopidogrel 100 mg/day. No significant correlation was witnessed between different P2Y 12 inhibitors and long-term prognosis in group B. In the group B, different P2Y 12 inhibitors have no significant correlation with their long-term prognosis of patients( P>0.05). Conclusions:For ACS patients with CYP2C19 loss-of-function gene, the choice of P2Y 12 inhibitors is associated with their long-term MACE events after PCI. Ticagrelor therapy brings the lowest risk of long-term MACE. For those without CYP2C19 loss-of-function gene, the correlation between the choice of different P2Y 12 inhibitors and their prognosis is not significant.