Electrolytes ; Body Fluids

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology is based on the cytopathologic findings of other body fluids. However, CSF's cytologic features are less familiar to physicians than are those of the other body fluid's cytology because of the small number of cases. The low overall diagnostic accuracy and the presence of false positivity still remain as problems. The incidence of lymphoreticular malignancies and metastatic carcinomas are rather higher than that of primary brain tumors. In this review, the characteristic cytologic findings of conventional CSF cytology are reviewed along with a brief note on the technical preparation and diagnostic pitfalls.
Body Fluids ; Brain Neoplasms ; Incidence

No abstract available.
Body Fluids* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Body Fluids* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

The advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies have enabled the generation of global proteome data from tissue or body fluid samples collected from a broad spectrum of human diseases. Comparative proteomic analysis of global proteome data identifies and prioritizes the proteins showing altered abundances, called differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), in disease samples, compared to control samples. Protein biomarker candidates that can serve as indicators of disease states are then selected as key molecules among these proteins. Recently, it has been addressed that cellular pathways can provide better indications of disease states than individual molecules and also network analysis of the DEPs enables effective identification of cellular pathways altered in disease conditions and key molecules representing the altered cellular pathways. Accordingly, a number of network-based approaches to identify disease-related pathways and representative molecules of such pathways have been developed. In this review, we summarize analytical platforms for network-based protein biomarker discovery and key components in the platforms.
Body Fluids ; Humans ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; Biomarkers

Body Fluids ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Meridians

The usefulness of E-cadherin immunostaining as a marker of malignancy in the body fluids was investigated in the present study. Thirty-three histologically proven cases of cell blocks from the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluids were studied by immunocytochemistry for E-cadherin antibody using LSAB method. These cases were cytologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma (25 cases) and atypical cells (8 cases). Tumor cells showed strong positive membranous staining for E-cadherin antibody in 21 out of 25 cases (84%) of adenocarcinoma. E-cadherin staining was not found in 6 of 8 cases of suspicious maligancy. The sensitivity and specificity were 84% and 75%, respectively. Reactive mesothelial cells and inflammatory cells scattered were all negative. In conclusion, E-cadherin is an useful adjunctive marker to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from the carcinoma cells in the body fluids.
Adenocarcinoma ; Body Fluids ; Cadherins* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) levels is observed in diverse disease states. Early studies showed that by analyzing the expression profile of miRNAs in the tissue sample of a diseased person, it was possible to classify the disease into a specific subtype. To be used for diagnostic purposes more practically, however, a less invasive method than tissue biopsy is required. Surprisingly, it was discovered that a notable amount of extracellular miRNAs circulate throughout the body fluids with high stability. Moreover, the expression profile of miRNAs was shown to differ considerably between healthy and diseased people. In addition, evidence has been accumulating of extracellular miRNAs acting as signaling molecules between distantly located cells. If the expression profile faithfully reflects the disease states, the profiling of extracellular miRNAs will become a useful means of early warning or diagnosis of diverse diseases, replacing more invasive biopsy methods.
Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Body Fluids ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; MicroRNAs

Recently, tissue engineering has been proposed as an alternative to reconstruct or replace craniofacial defect in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. The biomaterials are the most important component of tissue engineering. Generally, the biomaterials are defined as any material that is used to replace or restore function to a body tissue and is continuously or intermittently in contact with body fluid. Thus, biostability, biocompatibility, and interfacial-compatibility are required in biomaterials to use for tissue engineering. Herein, we describe characteristics and category of biomaterials, and its clinical applications in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Biocompatible Materials* ; Body Fluids ; Plastics* ; Tissue Engineering

Biological matrix reference material is a reference material that combines the target material with the biological matrix. The biological matrix reference material has higher consistency with the authentic specimens in forensic toxicology, and its application has a positive effect on improving the accuracy of test results. This paper reviews the research on the matrix reference materials corresponding to three common biological test materials (blood, urine and hair). In order to provide reference for the development and application of biological matrix reference materials in forensic toxicology, this paper mainly introduces the research progress of preparation technology of biological matrix reference materials and some existing products and their parameters evaluation.
Forensic Toxicology/methods* ; Hair ; Body Fluids