Medical microbiology is basic course of medicine.In order to improve teaching quality,we employ discussing-mode education in microbiology.This education style can not only enlighten and train poly-directional thought ability,capacity of bringing forth new ideas and pioneering spirit,but draw close the distance between students and modern life science,which make microbiological course become beginning of exploring microbiology.The employment of education style of discussing microbiology new advance is effective pathway of exploring most suitable high-quality person of talent training.

Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in cervical cancer (CC).Methods The expression of BCRP mRNA was detected by real-time PCR from tissues of 12 normal and 47 cases with CC.Results The expression of BCRP mRNA was 0.59±0.26 in CC and 0.19±0.17 in normal cervical tissues.But it was significantly higher in CC than those in normal tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of BCRP mRNA was not correlated with histological types,tumor differentiation degree and clinical stages (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BCRP mRNA over-expresses in CC,wich might play a major role in the intrinsic MDR of CC.Detection of BCRP mRNA expression may the guidance of individualized chemotherapy for patients with CC.

?AlM:To observe the clinical effect of the intravitreal Ranibizumab ( lVR ) combined with retinal photocoagulation for the neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) .
? METHODS: Clinical data of 30 patients with the neovascular glaucoma ( 36 eyes ) in our hospital from Ocuober 2012 to Sepember 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. All eyes accepted the photocoagulation 7d after lVR (0. 05mL/1. 25mg). Visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP) , the degradation of iris neovascularization and complications were observed and compared statistically before treatment and 1wk, 1, 3mo after treatment.
?RESULTS:The new vessels on the iris and the angle of anterior chamber regressed completely in all eyes 5d after lVR, the mean time was 3. 7±1. 4d. The differences were statistically significant when compared lOP ( 18. 2±2. 1, 16. 8 ± 3. 1, 17. 2 ± 2. 4mmHg,) at 1wk, 1, 3mo postoperatively with 30. 5±3. 6mmHg preoperatively. The visual acuity of all the eyes was stable and rose slightly.
? CONCLUSlON: lVB combined with retinal photocoagulation can make the new vessels on the iris and the angle of anterior chamber regression and to lower the lOP. No serious complications were observed after treatment. lt is a new security and effective method for neovascular glaucoma.

The association rate constant and dissociation rate constant are important parameters of the drug-cyclodextrin supermolecule systems, which determine the dissociation of drugs from the complex and the further in vivo absorption of drugs. However, the current studies of drug-cyclodextrin interactions mostly focus on the thermodynamic parameter of equilibrium constants (K). In this paper, a method based on quantitative high performance affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was developed to determine the apparent dissociation rate constant (k(off,app)) of drug-cyclodextrin supermolecule systems. This method was employed to measure the k(off,app) of meloxicam and acetaminophen. Firstly, chromatographic peaks of drugs and non-retained solute (uracil) on β-cyclodextrin column at different flow rates were acquired, and the retention time and variance values were obtained via the fitting the peaks. Then, the plate heights of drugs (H(R)) and uracil (H(M,C)) were calculated. The plate height of theoretical non-retained solute (H(M,T)) was calculated based on the differences of diffusion coefficient and the stagnant mobile phase mass transfer between drugs and uracil. Finally, the k(off,app) was calculated from the slope of the regression equation between (H(R)-H(M,T)) and uk/(1+k)2, (0.13 ± 0.00) s(-1) and (4.83 ± 0.10) s(-1) for meloxicam and acetaminophen (control drug), respectively. In addition, the apparent association rate constant (k(on,app)) was also calculated through the product of K (12.53 L x mol(-1)) and k(off,app). In summary, it has been proved that the method established in our study was simple, efficiently fast and reproducible for investigation on the kinetics of drug-cyclodextrin interactions.
Acetaminophen ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Drug Interactions ; Kinetics ; Mass Spectrometry ; Thermodynamics ; Thiazines ; chemistry ; Thiazoles ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

Planarian is among the simplest animals that possess a centralized nervous system (CNS), and its neural regeneration involves the replacement of cells lost to normal 'wear and tear' (cell turnover), and/or injury. In this review, we state and discuss the recent studies on molecular control of neural regeneration in planarians. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of genes in intact and regenerating planarian CNS have already been described relatively clearly. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathways are identified to regulate neural regeneration. During neural regeneration, conserved axon guidance mechanisms are necessary for proper wiring of the nervous system. In addition, apoptosis may play an important role in controlling cell numbers, eliminating unnecessary tissues or cells and remodeling the old tissues for regenerating CNS. The bilateral symmetry is established by determination of anterior-posterior (A-P) and dorsal-ventral (D-V) patterns. Moreover, neurons positive to dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been detected in planarians. Therefore, planarians present us with new, experimentally accessible contexts to study the molecular actions guiding neural regeneration.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; metabolism ; Central Nervous System ; cytology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Gene Expression ; physiology ; Nerve Regeneration ; genetics ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Planarians ; genetics ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Wnt Proteins ; physiology

BackgroundHuman retinal gliocytes play an important role in proliferative diseases,which are the basis of in vitro studies.Researchers have cultured human retinal gliocytes in the past.In our study,we found that the cells we cultured presented a unique shape different from those by other researchers.ObjectiveThis study was to design to produce a new culture and purification method for retinal gliocyte in vitro.Methods Retinal tissue was isolated from human eyeballs and digested using the two-step digestion method (2％ pancreatin and 0.133％collagenase Ⅵ) to harvest the retinal glio cytes.The cells were collected and cultured in endothelial cell-targeted nutrient culture containing 10％ fetal calf serum and supplemented with β-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) and sodium heparin,and the culture dishes were coated with fibronectin(FN) to promote the attachment of retinal gliocyte.During the culturing process,the gliocytes were identified by the observation of morphological characteristic and regular histological examination.The identification of the cells also was performed by immunochemistry targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),Vimentin,neuron specific enolase ( NSE ),S-100,CD34,and Ⅷ factor.Results Retinal gliocytes were isolated successfully from the human retina by the two-step digestion method.Primary cultured cells attached after 72 hours and achieved confluency between day 9 and 10 that were aligned petaliform in shape.Regular histological examination after H&E staining showed blue cell nuclei and light red cytoplasm.The target cells presented with strong responses for GFAP and Vimentin and no response for NSE,S-100,CD34 and Ⅷ factor.ConclusionsLarge amount of purified human retinal gliocytes can be obtained by two-step digestion and cultured in endothelial cells-targeted culture medium supplemented with β-ECGF and sodium heparin in plates coated with FN.The cultured cells expressed markers for retinal gliocytes.However,specific features of these cells remain to be further elucidated.

Objective To evalute the efficacy of high-resolution CT(HRCT) in differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma otitis media by soft-tissue shadows. Methods HRCT scanning was performed in 120 cases, 153 ears, with chronic otitis suppurative media and cholesteatoma otitis media, of which original data were processed with multi-planar reconstructtion (MPR) and maximum intensity projection ( MIP) , the characteristics of the soft-tissue shadows' growth, window width or window leveling and bony destruction were respectively observed, as well as compared with the surgery findings. Results In 120 patients (133 ears), 109 ears were diagnosed as cholesteatoma otitis media, and 44 ears were diagnosed as chronic suppurative otitis media, among which 33 ears had granulation tissue and 11 ears had secretion. One hundred and seven ears were postoperatively diagnosed as cholesteatoma otitis media, among which 25 ears had granulation tissue. Among 46 ears of chronic suppurative otitis media, 35 ears had granulation tissue, and only 11 ears had secretion. A 98. 6% diagnostic accuracy can be reached with HRCT in diagnosing cholesteatoma otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media. The Youden's index was 0. 98, 0. 98 and 1. 00 respectively with HRCT in diagnosing cholesteatoma, granulation tissue and secretion. Conclusions Combination of the three different imaging methods, axial images, coronal MPR images and MIP images, can improve the efficacy of the HRCT diagnosis and definite chronic otitis media, which can be routinely used for surgery plan.

OBJECTIVETo study the variation and evolution rules and analyze the genetic characterization of echovirus 30 during an outbreak of aseptic meningitis.

METHODSFor all the echovirus 30 isolates during the outbreaks in Zhangqiu city in 2003, complete VP1 genes were determined. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction and pairwise sequence were determined to compare the homological relationship and evolution rules between Zhangqiu strains and the other reported echovirus 30 in GenBank.

RESULTSPairwise sequence comparisoms in VP1 region indicated that there were 98.9%-99.5% identity of nucleotide acid among Zhangqiu strains, and having the highest homology with Taian strains (98.5%-99.0%) isolated in Shandong province. At the same time, when comparing with Zhejiang and Jiangsu strains, the nucleotide homology showed 98.2%-98.9%, relatively low identity with Taiwan strains (87.4%-87.6%) and French strains (89.1%-89.7%) but only 82.4%-82.8% identity when comparing with echovirus 30 prototype strain Bastianni. Data from phylogenetic tree analyses indicated that all the echovirus 30 correlated with aseptic meningitis in China recently came from the same evolution linkage and formed a monophyletic cluster.

CONCLUSIONIn 2003, there was an circulation of echovirus 30 in Shandong province which causing an endemic of aseptic meningitis in local areas. Data from phylogenetic tree analyses indicated that the antigenic characteristics of echovirus 30 in mainland China might be different from strains early isolated in other continents and formed a new genotype.

China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus B, Human ; classification ; genetics ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Adult ; Amphotericin B ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aspergillosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Aspergillus ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Pleurisy ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; virology ; Superinfection ; drug therapy

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the changes of circulating dendritic cell (DC) and lymphocytes subsets in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with lamivudine.

METHODSSixteen chronic hepatitis B patients treated with lamivudine were included and followed up for 48 weeks in this study. Before and during lamivudine treatment, DC collected from peripheral blood sample was cultured in vitro and surface markers of DC and lymphocytes subsets were detected by flow cytometry simultaneously.

RESULTSOf the 16 patients, 11 were consistently HBV DNA negative in serum and HBV DNA YMDD variants appeared in 5 cases. In the consistent responder group, HLA-DR level of DC decreased transiently in 12 weeks and recovered in 48 weeks (P<0.05). At 48 weeks CD80, CD40 and CD1a were improved compared with baseline level (P<0.05). In the YMDD variant group, CD83 and HLA-DR level of DC decreased at 12 weeks treatment (P<0.05) and HLA-DR was still lower compared with baseline (P<0.05). In the consistent responder group, no significant changes occurred in lymphocyte subsets number at 12 weeks treatment, but CD4 + T cell was improved and NK cell dropped at 48 weeks compared with baseline level (P<0.05). In the YMDD variant group lymphocyte subsets had no statistically significant change.

CONCLUSIONIn the consistent responder group, the expression of surface costimulatory molecules of DC, such as CD80 and CD40,was partly recovered after the virus of hepatitis B had been inhibited efficiently, HLA-DR levels of DC decreased transiently at 12 weeks and recovered in 48 weeks and CD4+ T cell improved and NK cell dropped at 48 weeks. In the YMDD variant group, HLA-DR levels of DC were lower consistently during treatment compared with baseline level.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; HLA-DR Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult