With Chira's proposal of building an innovative country and implementing national intellectual property strategy,the rapid development of intellectual property,reward system of science and technology had a profound effect.This article made preliminary discussion from the level of scientific and technological achievements,the evaluation system and the types of science and technology rewards.

Objective To investigate the influence of spleen aminopeptidase lyophilized powder on serum levels of transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF -β1),monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP -1),stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF -1 )in pediatric asthma.Methods 128 patients with asthma were randomly divided into observation group(64 cases)and control group (64 cases).Two groups of children were given symptomatic treat-ment.The control group was orally administered montelukast,the observation group was treated with montelukast and splenic ammonia lyophilized powder for 3 months.The levels of TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the asthma control test table (ACT)score,expiratoryvolume in one second (FEV1 )and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF)in the observation group were (24.25 ± 3.98)points (80.25 ±4.25)%,(7.25 ±0.69)L/min,which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(20.12 ±4.02)points,(75.02 ±3.96)%,(5.82 ±0.70)L/min,t =7.203,6.757,14.459,26.677,P <0.01].After treatment,the serum levels of TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 of the observation group were (42.23 ± 6.02)ng/mL,(48.56 ±3.96)pg/mL,(252.36 ±32.22)ng/L,which were significantly lower than those in the con-trol group [(42.23 ±6.02)ng/mL,(59.02 ±4.22)pg/mL,(425.25 ±40.62)ng/L,t =6.757,14.459,26.677,all P <0.01].Conclusion Montelukast combined with splenic aminopeptidase lyophilized powder for asthma can effec-tively reduce serum TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 levels and improve clinical symptoms and lung function,improve the treatment of children.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the research hotspots of occupational exposure in healthcare workers at home and abroad Methods in the past decade and future research trends. Based on the Web of Science platform, independent retrievals were performed by two researcher. The number, core authors, keywords, and other contents of articles were analyzed using CiteSpace Results 5.6.R2. A total of 1 066 references on occupational exposure among healthcare workers from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved. These articles were mainly from the United States, Italy, France, Germany, Brazil, England, and China, with 272, 71, 56, 52 and 52 articles, respectively. One hundred and eight core authors, who mainly came from the United States and Korea, contributed 418 papers (39.2%). Current hotspots included human immune deficiency virus (HIV), workplace violence, hand eczema, fluoroscopy, antineoplastic drugs, nervous system, nitrous oxide, assessment, standard precautions, and personal protective equipment. Topics such as percutaneous injury, tuberculosis, guideline, HIV, and burnout are future research trends. Conclusions There is a need to strengthen international cooperation. It´s encouraged to develop guidelines on occupational - exposure protection and to prevent long term chronic occupational exposure, such as antineoplastic drug exposure.

Vulnerable plaque (VP) has been widely considered as the main cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cardiac death .In recent years ,invasive or non-invasive intravascular ultrasound imaging has become one of main measures for detecting VP .The present article made following overview on advantages and disadvantages of intravascular ultrasound imaging assessing VP .

AIM:To investigate the levels and clinical significance of microRNA-133a/b (miR-133a/b) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 ( MRP1 ) in peripheral blood of the patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. METHODS:Prediction of the miRNAs targeting transcriptional regulation of MRP1 was conducted by bioinformatics analy-sis.The plasmids containing wild type and mutant 3’UTR of MRP1 reporter gene were constructed.Dual luciferase report-er gene assay was used to verify this prediction.In addition, the peripheral blood samples of the epilepsy patients (37 cases were drug-refractory, the other 58 cases were nonresistant) were collected.The levels of miR-133a/b and MRP1 were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA.RESULTS:Through TargetScan database, it was predicted that miR-133a/b tran-scriptionally regulated MRP1.The results of dual luciferase report gene assay suggested that luciferase activity in experi-mental group with miR-133a/b mimics, pMIR-MRP1 and pRLTK plasmids were down-regulated by 76.9% and 64.1%compared with that in control group with scramble mimic, pMIR-MRP1 and pRLTK plasmids.The luciferase activity was up-regulated by 3.62 times and 2.04 times in mutation group with miR-133a/b mimics, pMIR-mut-MRP1 and pRLTK plasmids compared with experimental group.Before administration, the serum levels of miR-133a/b in the epilepsy patients without drug resistance was 2.18 times and 1.74 times higher than than in the epilepsy patients with drug resistance ( P<0.05), respectively, while MRP1 expression level was 3.72 times higher in the epilepsy patients with drug resistance than those in the epilepsy patients without drug resistance.After administration, the levels of miR-133a/b in the epilepsy pa-tients without drug resistance were 2.76 times and 2.95 times higher than those in the epilepsy patients with drug resistance (P<0.05), respectively, while the serum level of MRP1 in the epilepsy patients with drug resistance was 4.99 times higher than that in the epileptic patients without drug resistance (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:miR-133a/b transcriptio-nally regulates MRP1.There are lower expression levels of miR-133a/b and higher expression level of MRP1 in the epilep-sy patients with drug resistance compared with those in the epilepsy patients without drug resistance.miR-133a/b and MRP1 may be a diagnostic indicator for determining refractory epilepsy.

Objective: To predict the growth trend of total health expenditure in China based on the dynamic relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth. Methods: First, analyze the relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth from 1978 to 2011 with the state space model, evaluate the accuracy of the model and predict total health expenditure range from 2012 to 2016 with the status space mode. Results: Up to 2016, the total health expenditure would reach to 5.681 trillion yuan, and the ratio of the expenditure to gross domestic product(GDP) would increase to 5.692%. Conclusion: It is needed to balance the relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth.

Objective: To describe the non-linear relationship between out-of-pocket ( OOP ) payment and economic growth . Methods: Using logistic smooth transition regression model to analyze the impact of government health expenditure on the non-liner relationship between OOP payment and economic growth. Results:The impact of economic growth on OOP health expenditure is divided into 3 stages:from 1978 to 1996, the influence of economic growth on out-of-pocket payment approaches to highly-efficient mechanism operation;from 1997 to 2008 belongs to the transition period, it stays as low-efficient mechanism operation since 2009. Conclusion: To continue deepening the medical and health system reform and reduce the burden of personal health expenditure.

Objective To evaluate the biological safety of a Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy fabricated by laser solid forming technology.Methods According to the requirements of national standards GB/T16886-2003,YY/T0279-1995 and YY/T0244-1996,general cytotoxicity,acute systemic toxicity,hemolysis testing,oral mucous membrane irritation testing were used to evaluate the alloy.Results The alloy was indicated having no cytotoxicity and with a hemolytic rate of 0.385%.The oral mucous membrane irritation testing showed that the alloy had no mucous membrane irritation.The acute systemic toxicity test indicated that the alloy had no acute systemic toxicity.Conclusion The Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy has good biological safety in a certain extent.

The core event of cell proliferation is DNA replication and cell division. DNA topoisomerase type Ⅱ plays an important role in this process.As a cell proliferating marker,DNA topoisomerase type Ⅱis caught great attention. The authors review the recent research of NDA topoisomerase type Ⅱ and its value evaluated as a cell proliferating marker.

Objective To review the advances in overcoming multidrug resistance of tumors caused by mdr1 gene. Methods Different ways of overcoming multidrug resistance of tumors caused by mdr1 gene in the literatures were reviewed. Results One of the important reasons causing multidrug resistance was due to the overexpression of mdr1 gene and its product P-glycoprotein. There were two ways to overcome multidrug resistance of tumors through mdr1 genes mRNA and its product P-glycoprotein effectively.Conclusion The clinical test of the unitary way to overcome multidrug resistance of tumors is unsatisfactory, combining different ways to overcome multidrug resistance of tumors will be the hot spot of tumors research in the future.