With Chira's proposal of building an innovative country and implementing national intellectual property strategy,the rapid development of intellectual property,reward system of science and technology had a profound effect.This article made preliminary discussion from the level of scientific and technological achievements,the evaluation system and the types of science and technology rewards.

Objective To investigate the influence of spleen aminopeptidase lyophilized powder on serum levels of transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF -β1),monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP -1),stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF -1 )in pediatric asthma.Methods 128 patients with asthma were randomly divided into observation group(64 cases)and control group (64 cases).Two groups of children were given symptomatic treat-ment.The control group was orally administered montelukast,the observation group was treated with montelukast and splenic ammonia lyophilized powder for 3 months.The levels of TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the asthma control test table (ACT)score,expiratoryvolume in one second (FEV1 )and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF)in the observation group were (24.25 ± 3.98)points (80.25 ±4.25)%,(7.25 ±0.69)L/min,which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(20.12 ±4.02)points,(75.02 ±3.96)%,(5.82 ±0.70)L/min,t =7.203,6.757,14.459,26.677,P <0.01].After treatment,the serum levels of TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 of the observation group were (42.23 ± 6.02)ng/mL,(48.56 ±3.96)pg/mL,(252.36 ±32.22)ng/L,which were significantly lower than those in the con-trol group [(42.23 ±6.02)ng/mL,(59.02 ±4.22)pg/mL,(425.25 ±40.62)ng/L,t =6.757,14.459,26.677,all P <0.01].Conclusion Montelukast combined with splenic aminopeptidase lyophilized powder for asthma can effec-tively reduce serum TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 levels and improve clinical symptoms and lung function,improve the treatment of children.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the research hotspots of occupational exposure in healthcare workers at home and abroad Methods in the past decade and future research trends. Based on the Web of Science platform, independent retrievals were performed by two researcher. The number, core authors, keywords, and other contents of articles were analyzed using CiteSpace Results 5.6.R2. A total of 1 066 references on occupational exposure among healthcare workers from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved. These articles were mainly from the United States, Italy, France, Germany, Brazil, England, and China, with 272, 71, 56, 52 and 52 articles, respectively. One hundred and eight core authors, who mainly came from the United States and Korea, contributed 418 papers (39.2%). Current hotspots included human immune deficiency virus (HIV), workplace violence, hand eczema, fluoroscopy, antineoplastic drugs, nervous system, nitrous oxide, assessment, standard precautions, and personal protective equipment. Topics such as percutaneous injury, tuberculosis, guideline, HIV, and burnout are future research trends. Conclusions There is a need to strengthen international cooperation. It´s encouraged to develop guidelines on occupational - exposure protection and to prevent long term chronic occupational exposure, such as antineoplastic drug exposure.

Objective: To describe the non-linear relationship between out-of-pocket ( OOP ) payment and economic growth . Methods: Using logistic smooth transition regression model to analyze the impact of government health expenditure on the non-liner relationship between OOP payment and economic growth. Results:The impact of economic growth on OOP health expenditure is divided into 3 stages:from 1978 to 1996, the influence of economic growth on out-of-pocket payment approaches to highly-efficient mechanism operation;from 1997 to 2008 belongs to the transition period, it stays as low-efficient mechanism operation since 2009. Conclusion: To continue deepening the medical and health system reform and reduce the burden of personal health expenditure.

This article statistically analyzes and discusses the problems in national supervision sampling of vertical mode steam sterilizers in 2014. For improving product quality, strengthening the supervision and management, it provides a reference.
Steam ; Sterilization ; methods ; standards

Hypoxia-inducible factor-I is the critical factor existed in mammal and human cells which plays an important role in maintaining the oxygen balance. Many hypoxia-responding genes can be activated by H1F-1. So, the relationship between HIF-land matrix matalloproteinases/stromal-derived factor-I/special CXC chemokin receptor/angiogenesis related factors is the hot spot in research of the tumor invasion and me-tastasis.

Objective To evaluate the biological safety of a Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy fabricated by laser solid forming technology.Methods According to the requirements of national standards GB/T16886-2003,YY/T0279-1995 and YY/T0244-1996,general cytotoxicity,acute systemic toxicity,hemolysis testing,oral mucous membrane irritation testing were used to evaluate the alloy.Results The alloy was indicated having no cytotoxicity and with a hemolytic rate of 0.385%.The oral mucous membrane irritation testing showed that the alloy had no mucous membrane irritation.The acute systemic toxicity test indicated that the alloy had no acute systemic toxicity.Conclusion The Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy has good biological safety in a certain extent.

The core event of cell proliferation is DNA replication and cell division. DNA topoisomerase type Ⅱ plays an important role in this process.As a cell proliferating marker,DNA topoisomerase type Ⅱis caught great attention. The authors review the recent research of NDA topoisomerase type Ⅱ and its value evaluated as a cell proliferating marker.

Objective:Following the detection of the safety of nerve and muscle stimulators YY 0607-2007 standard, approach the characteristics of nerve and muscle stimulators. Methods: By understanding the standards of particular requirements for the safety of nerve and muscle stimulators and test method for measuring output characteristics of the nerve and muscle stimulators, different types of the products were received multiple detections, analysis, compare and make summary of the features of measuring output characteristics of products. Results:Through proposing the highlights before the detection, sorting complex detection conditions, identifying detection contents and reasonable detection order, combined with the characteristics of nerve and muscle stimulators to make the standard rules more reasonable. Conclusion: It made the detection of output characteristics more convenient and avoided the occurrence of false and missing detection.

Gallstone disease is highly prevalent in clinic,particularly in women and some specific ethnic groups.The formation of water-insoluble cholesterol crystals is due to a misbalance between the three major lipids present in the bile:cholesterol,bile salts,and phospholipids.Many proteins implicated in biliary lipid secretion in the liver are regulated by several transcription factors,including nuclear receptors LXR and FXR.Human and murine genetic,pathophysiological evidence is consistent with the relevance of these nuclear receptors in gallstone formation.In addition,there is emerging data that also suggests a role for estrogen receptor ESR1 in abnormal cholesterol metabolism leading to gallstone disease.A better comprehension of the role of nuclear receptor function in gallstone formation may help doctors to design new and more effective therapeutic strategies for this highly prevalent disease condition.