The ocean is the treasure house by which human being live. The variety and particularity of marine creature provide people many physiological active substances, which are novel and unique in structure and effect. The recent research of marine active antitumor proteins and peptides was summarized in this article.

Aim: To develop marine microporous osmotic pump tablets and to investigate drug release in vitro of the optimized formulation and the release mechanism.Methods: Wet granulation and film-coating were used to develop marine micro-osmotic pump tablets.In vitro release studies were applied to evaluate the impacts of various factors on the release of the formulation.Central-composite design was exploited to aid the optimization of the formulation,and the mechanism of in vitro release was characterized.Results: There existed fairly good reproducibility in the preparation of marine micro-osmotic pump tablets.It was found that no change in the release rate of the tablets were elicited by the pH of the release media,the rotating speed selected,the hardness of the tablet core,and the amount of the plasticizer incorporated into the coating formulation.It was proved that the release of marine micro-osmotic pump tablets was closely related to the magnitudes of NaCl amount in the tablet core and the pore former in the coating formulation as well as the coating level.In addition,there existed 12-hr zero-order kinetics in the in vitro release study of the tablets.Moreover,it was shown that the osmotic pressure-controlled delivery is greatly responsi-ble for the release of the developed tablets.Conclusion: The prepared marine microporons osmotic pump tablets are expected to be a new sustained-release medication.

Objective To explore the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH)and microvascular complications(diabetic nephrop-athy and diabetic retinopathy)in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods According to the condition of complicating with SCH,157 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into SCH group(40 cases)and the euthyroid group(117 cases). The age,sex,duration of diabetes,smoking status,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),blood lipid,renal function,thyroid function,urine albumin/urine creatinine, and fundus examination were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The relationship between SCH and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients was explored. Results There was no significant difference of age,sex,duration of diabetes,smoking,blood pressure,BMI, HbA1c,blood lipid,or serum creatinine between the two groups. The incidence of diabetic retinopathy in SCH group was significantly higher than those in euthyriod group(32.5%vs 14.5%,P=0.044);however there was no difference in the incidence of diabetic nephropathy. After adjustment for potential confounding factors(age,sex,duration,blood pressure,BMI,HbA1c,diabetic nephropathy)by multivariate logistic regression analy-sis,SCH was still the risk factor of diabetic retinopathy(OR=2.210,95%CI 1.512-4.117,P=0.032)in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion SCH could be a risk factor of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients,and there was no significant effect on diabetic nephropathy.

[Objective]To observe the growth pattern of oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs) in the primary culture from neonatal rat cerebral cortices and study the methods of cell culture and isolation in order to obtain purified OPCs for the experiments of cell transplantation.[Method]The mixed glial cells from the cerebral cortices of 48-hour-old Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were cultured in vitro.Until 9-10 days in vitro OPCs were isolated and purified by the shaking process and differential adhesion,and then continued OPCs culture in the defined medium.The growth pattern of OPCs in vitro was investigated by contrast phase microscopy and OPC s were further identified with the immunocytochemical techniques.[Result]The distinct stratification of OPCs and astrocytes developed around 9-10 days in primary culture.At this point,the OPCs scattered on the top of the monolayer astroctyes and the soma of most OPCs typically appeared oval or round with two or three processes.The purity of the isolated OPCs reached 95% and these OPCs further developed into the mature oligdendrocytes which were immunoreactive to the specific antigen of oligodendrocyte lineage cells,Oligo2.[Conclusion]OPCs separated from the cerebral cortices of neonatal SD rats can be maintained as immature precursor cells in culture,and OPCs are able to be purified by shaking and differential adhesion under the condition of appropriate cell stratification.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of major immune nutrients and to introduce the progresses of clinical applications about enteral immunonutrition.Methods The related literatures about the effects and clinical applications of enteral immunonutrition were reviewed.Results Infection rate can be reduced and the hospitalization can be shortened as a result of the improved nutritional status and immune competence of patients which can be enhanced by reasonable enteral immune nutrition.Most of the patients suffering from serious diseases can benefit from enteral immunonutrition,such as gastrointestinal cancers,post-transplantation complications,chronic liver disorders,acute pancreatitis and so on.However,as a new nutrition therapy,the clinical use of enteral immunonutrition in critically ill patients is still controversial.Conclusions Enteral immunonutrition plays an important role in the nutritional support of patients with serious diseases,such as gastrointestinal cancers,organ failures.However,much work remains to be done.

Objective To study the clinical effect of Xianglian in Mixture (Mixture of Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome and Golden Thread) in treatment of premature beat accompanied anxiety disorder.Methods Totally 100 patients of premature beat accompanied anxiety disorder were randomly assigned into two groups.The 50 patients in the treatment group were treated with Xianglian Mixture and the 50 in the control group were treated with Rytmonorm and Alprazolam for 4 weeks.The TCM symptom scores,premature beats in Holter,scores of Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and the therapeutic effect on all these indices of both groups were observed.Results After treatment,the TCM symptom scores,premature beats in Holter,scores of HAMA of both groups were decreased significantly (P0.05).Conclusion Xianglian Mixture can reduce premature beats and relieve anxiety as well.

0.05). Conclusion Isthmus is an essential structure to determine the size of femoral component. The dimension of isthmus correlates fairly well with the size of femoral stem. As a measurement to choose the appropriate femoral implant in total hip arthroplasty, the isthmus-method has the similar accuracy as the common templating.

During cell apoptosis,a series of characteristic changes occur in the cell configuration and,according to recent findings,in the cytoskeleton as well,including degradation,condensing and maldistribution of the cytoskeleton reticular formation.Through investigations of the biological activity and function of the cytoskeleton protein,the dynamic changes of the cytoskeleton during cell apoptosis and related regulatory factors,we found that the change of configuration is based on that of the cytoskeleton during cell apoptosis,which suggests that we can achieve the purpose of curing tumors and other diseases by inducing cell apoptosis through changing the cytoskeleton configuration.

The core event of cell proliferation is DNA replication and cell division. DNA topoisomerase type Ⅱ plays an important role in this process.As a cell proliferating marker,DNA topoisomerase type Ⅱis caught great attention. The authors review the recent research of NDA topoisomerase type Ⅱ and its value evaluated as a cell proliferating marker.