Objective:To establish a two-dimensional eletrophoresis system for total brain stem proteins of seasickness adaptive and non-adaptive rats and to identify the differentially expressed proteins for investigation of the possible mechanism of seasickness adaptation.Methods: According to the kaolin intakes after seasickness stimulation,30 rats were divided into non-seasickness group(n=10),seasickness adaptive group(n=12) and seasickness non-adaptive group(n=8).Another 10 normal rats not receiving stimulation were taken as blank control.The brain stem proteins of seasickness adaptive and seasickness non-adaptive rats(n=6) were isolated by two-dimensional electrophoresis;the differentially expressed proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprint(PMF).Results: During a 21-day stimulation,the amount of kaolin consumption in seasickness adaptive rats experienced an increasing phase and a subsequent decreasing phase;seasickness nonadaptive rats consumed significantly more kaolin during the whole 21-day stimulation than the blank control rats did(P

Objective: To establish 6 subclones of gefitinib-resistant cells from gefitinib-sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC9 and study their biological characteristics. Methods: The PC9 cells were induced to mutate by a mutagen MNNG and selected. The subclone of gefitinib-resistant cell was obtained by limited dilution. The sensitivity and IC50 for gefitinib of various cell lines were determined by MTT assay. The different profile of gene expression between the wildtype PC9 cell and the gefitinib-resistant cells were determined by DNA microarray. Fibronectin and collagen IV expressions in various PC9 cell lines were checked by immunohistochemistry. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Two resistant cell lines to gefitinib were obtained, named PC9/ G2 and PC9/G4, respectively, and the IC50 for the gefitinib was 7-10 μmol/L, about 160 to 260 folds higher compared with wildtype PC9 (IC50:0.03-0.05 μmol/L). The doubling time of PC9 cells and PC9/G2 cells were (16.2 ±3.5)h and(36.5 ± 4.8)h, respectively. The gene expression profile had significant difference between wildtype PC9 cells and resistant PC9/G2 cells. Gene function annotation and grouping showed that in PC9/G2 cells fatty acid metabolism- and oxidative phosphorylation-related genes were down-regulated, while glycolysis-genes were up-regulated; the expressions of ribosomal subproteins were down-regulated, and the gene groups located in Golgi Stack, cisternae, clathrin-coated vesicle were up-regulated; the protein-secreting function was enhanced and ubiquitin-proteosome system was activated; DNA repair and helicase genes were also up-regulated. For the genes with protein kinase activity, 30 of them were up-regulated, while 11 of them were down-regulated; 15 genes with phosphoprotein phosphatase activity were up-regulated. For the genes with GTP binding function, 21 of them were up-regulated, while 4 of them were down-regulated; 8 genes related to cytoskeletal movement and cell adhesion were up-regulated; integrin betal subunit, insulin-like receptor and positive regulative factors for NFκB cascade were up-regulated. Conclusion: Six lines of gefitinib-resistant PC9 cells were successfully established. Our results suggested that moderate resistance to gefitinid might be related with extracellular matrix changes and adhesion signaling cascade, while high resistance may be due to activation of instead signaling pathway and the downstream molecules of signaling pathway.

Objectives: To construct tumor angiogenesis-targeting paramagnetic liposomes and investigate their potential value as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect minute tumor foci in tumor-bearing nude mice. Methods: Peptide-palmitic acid conjugate was prepared using fluorenylmethoxy carbony (Fmoc) solid-phase synthetic method. Angiogenesis-targeting paramagnetic liposome particles were prepared by the thin film dispersion-sonication method. Entrapped efficiency of Gd-DPTA-BMA was determined by centrifugal ultrafiltration. The average size of liposome particles was determined by laser particle sizing analysis. Gd3+ concentration was determined by chlorophosphonazo III colorimetry. The signal enhancement ratio of targeted paramagnetic liposome particles was evaluated by MRI in human lung adenocarcinoma implanted in nude mice. Results: Five paramagnetic liposome particles which targeted αVβ3, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 and had different conjugation forms were prepared. Entrapped efficiency of the five prepared paramagnetic liposome particles was from 55.5% to 60.1%, and average particle size was from 109-128 nm. Integrin α V β3 and VEGFR-2-targeted paramagnetic liposome particles showed good tumor-specific MRI signal enhancement in xenograft of the nude mice, especially for Integrin αVβ3 receptor. Spacer 6-aminohexanoic acid demonstrated the better signal enhancement than the other two linkages. Tumor relative signal intensity was increased 1. 8-2. 8 folds than control in T1 weighted MR imaging. Minute tumor nodules (2-5 mm) were clearly identified. Biodistribution analysis showed that the Gd3+ concentration in tumor was significantly higher than that in the heart, lung, liver, and muscle, and slightly higher than that in the spleen and kidney. Conclusion: Angiogenesis-targeting paramagnetic liposome particles were tumor-specific and lasted for a long time. MRI signal enhancement was higher and minute tumor foci (2-5 mm) were clearly identified. It can be developed as a potential tumor-specific MRI contrast agent for the early diagnosis of cancer and metastases.

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Fusion ; Gene Rearrangement ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Pyridines ; therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb ; genetics

Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely applied in clinic. Its major purgative constituent is anthraquinones, which are believed to be a toxic ingredient. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has been reputed as the best alexipharmic to moderate medicine natures. In this paper, the effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in relieving purgative activity of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was studied in two aspects--the boiling process and intestinal metabolism; Studies on combined administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in recent years were summarized according to chemical constituent, intestinal flora, I/II phase metabolism and drug transport. However, the material basis and mechanism for their compatibility remain unclear, further studies will be made in the future.
Animals ; Cathartics ; adverse effects ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Humans ; Rheum ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective: To establish a two-dimensional eletrophoresis system for total brain stem proteins of seasickness adaptive and non-adaptive rats and to identify the differentially expressed proteins for investigation of the possible mechanism of seasickness adaptation. Methods: According to the kaolin intakes after seasickness stimulation, 30 rats were divided into non-seasickness group (n=10), seasickness adaptive group (n=12) and seasickness non-adaptive group (n=8). Another 10 normal rats not receiving stimulation were taken as blank control. The brain stem proteins of seasickness adaptive and seasickness non-adaptive rats (n=6) were isolated by two-dimensional electrophoresis; the differentially expressed proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF). Results: During a 21-day stimulation, the amount of kaolin consumption in seasickness adaptive rats experienced an increasing phase and a subsequent decreasing phase; seasickness non-adaptive rats consumed significantly more kaolin during the whole 21-day stimulation than the blank control rats did (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Nine seasickness adaptive proteins were identified by PMF: peroxiredoxin I, peroxiredoxin II, light molecular-weight neurofilament, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase PGP9.5, and glutamine synthetase were highly expressed; carbonic anhydrase II, triosephosphate isomerase I, phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme B and mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channel were lowly expressed. Conclusion: Adaptation to seasickness can induce changes in the protein expression pattern of brain stem in the seasickness adaptive rats, which may be associated with energy metabolism, neurotransmitter adjustment and oxidative stress.

Objective To retrospective analysis of the clinical effect and complications of the semi-laminectomy approach on the treatment of intra-spinal tumor.To summarize the endoscopic treatment experience of intra-spinal tumor.Methods To retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 24 cases with intra-spinal tumor in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 2008 to September 2015.The diagnosis of the intra-spinal tumor was confirmed by preoperative MRI examination.Intraoperative application of endoscopic surgery in the resection of tumor.Longterm followed up of patient was implemented and observe the efficacy and complications after surgery.Results Postoperative symptoms of all patients have different degrees of improvement,the degrees of sensory disorder was reduce,the limb muscle strength was increased and alleviate the damages of nerve electrophysiology.No serious complications were found after operation.Of the 24 patients,17 cases were total resection of the tumor and 7 cases were subtoal resection of the tumor.Tethered cord release was operated in patients with tethered spinal cord.Conclusions Endoscopic resection assisted semi-laminectomy approach of intra-spinal tumor has slight damage to the surround structures and the impact to the anatomy of the spine was small.Endoscopic assisted semi-laminectomy approach may have siginficant clinical effect on intra-spinal tumor,and have good security.

ObjectiveTo study the method and effect of individualized education on children with learning disability (LD).Methods30 children during 7-10 year old in a local boarding elementary school were chosen and guided individually as the following: sensory integration dysfunction drill, subtle motion drill, life skills drill, cognitive capability drill, behavior therapy, game therapy, music therapy and parents education. One and a half year later, the index of Sensory Integration Rating Scales and study marks were determined and compared with that of the normal children.ResultsThere is not significant difference between the LD children and the normal ones in the sensory integration of behavior and the learning achievement.ConclusionIndividualized education is a valid approach improving the potentiality of the LD children\'s physiology and psychology.

Anesthesia quality control is essential to guarantee the safety of patients undergoing surgeries.Emphasis should be placed on developing the interns' awareness of anesthesia quality control.The interns' awareness of anesthesia quality could be preliminary formed by strengthening the orientation,training standard and proficient anesthesia skills,consolidating theoretical knowledge,cultivating professional responsibility as well as excellent psychological quality,which also enable interns to be perfect anesthesiologists in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of propofol on IL-1β and TNF-α release from BV-2 microglia cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).MethodsBV-2 microglia cells were seeded in 96-well plates and randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =12 each):control group,LPS group,propofol group (group P) and LPS + propofol group.In group LPS,the cells were incubated with LPS 1 μg/ml for 24 h.In group P,the cells were incubated with propofol 30 μmol/L for 24 h.In group LPS + propofol,the cells were incubated with LPS 1 μg/ml and propofol 30 μmol/L for 24 h.The concentrations of TNF-α ( at 6 h of incubation) and IL-1β (at 24 h of incubation) in the supernatant were detected by ELISA.TLR4 mRNA expression was detectedat at 6 h of incubation by RT-PCR.TLR4 protein expression was detected at 24 h of incubation by Western blot.ResultsCompared with control group,IL-1β and TNF-α release was significantly increased,and the expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein up-regulated in groups LPS and LPS + propofol ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group LPS,IL-1β and TNF-α release was significantly decreased,and the expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein down-regulated in group LPS + propofol (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Propofol can inhibit IL-1β and TNF-α release from BV-2 microglia cells induced by LPS and inhibition of TLR4 expression may be involved in the mechanism.