Serious troubles were caused by the highly heterogeneous cancer cells in clinical cancer treatment.In recent years,molecular characterization of tumors and corresponding individualized cancer management has become hotspots for cancer research.Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary solid tumors or metastases into the peripheral blood.CTCs could serve as liquid biopsy for patients with cancer,with non-invasive,real-time and repeatable access.Serial monitoring of the amount and molecular characteristics of CTCs in the blood samples has significant clinical value for prognostic prediction,targeted drugs choice and real-time evaluation of clinical effectiveness in individualized cancer treatment.This review summarizes current methods for the CTC isolation and detection,and discusses the perspectives of CTC analyses in real-time personalized cancer therapy.Some future research directions in this field are proposed.

Circulating tumor cells are tumor cells that spontaneously or, following operations, migrate into the peripheral blood circulation from the primary tumor or metastatic tumor. As diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in many types of cancers including breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, circulating tumor cells contribute to the early diagnosis of cancers, drug resistance monitoring, prognostic assessment, survival analysis, detection of tumor recurrence and evaluation of drug efficacy to assist in treatment decision?making and adjustment of treatment plans. However, the current approaches to the detection of circulating tumor cells still have limitations, and the development of new detection methods with higher sensitivity and specificity will be helpful for better use of these cells. Herein the authors review the research progress in circulating tumor cells in terms of the detection techniques, clinical applications of circulating tumor cells, and their prospects in future clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Penyanqing Capsule (PYQC) in treating pelvic inflammation of Qi-stagnation with blood stasis syndrome.

METHODSThe randomized, single blinded, parallel positive drug controlled method was adopted, with 82 patients assigned into two groups by envelop method. The 42 patients in the treated group received PYQC 3 times a day, 4 capsules each time taken orally; the 40 patients in the control group were given orally Fuyankang tablets (FYKT) 3 times a day, 6 tablets each time. The therapeutic course for both groups was 2 months, and 2 courses of treatment were given successively to observe the comprehensive effect, changes of symptoms and signs before and after treatment. The effects of PYQC on hemorrheological character in part of the patients and on the pathogenetic chlamydia and mycoplasma were also observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the treated group was 83.3%, which was insignificantly different from that in the control group (77.5%, P > 0.05). However, PYQC could significantly lower the hemorrheologic indexes in patients and showed definite influence on the pathogenetic chlamydia and mycoplasma.

CONCLUSIONPYQC has good therapeutic effect in treating chronic pelvic inflammation of Qi-stagnation with blood stasis syndrome, and showed definite effect on chlamydia and mycoplasma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Circulation ; Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; Qi ; Single-Blind Method

Objective: To establish a method for simultaneous and rapid detecting of the polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), CYP2C19, CYP4F2, Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member1 (ABCB1) gene, which were associated with warfarin and clopidogrel, based on liquid phase chip technology. Methods: Method establishment. The eight gene sequences near targeted sites related to warfarin and clopidogrel were found in Genbank, and the specific primers and probes were designed. Through multiple PCR amplification, followed by allele specific primer extension (ASPE), and MagPlex-Tag microspheres hybridization, the suspension array Luminex 200 system step-by-step, the genotypes were determined by fluorescence signal. The reaction system was optimized and its methodological evaluation was performed. 260 patients with antithrombotic therapy from Dongguan houjie hospital were recruited in this study form June 2017 to December 2018. The eight genotypes of the 260 patients were detected by the established method, and the results were compared with the sequencing results. Results: The results of 260 samples showed that allelic median fluorescence intensity (MFI) ratios of homozygotes (mutant/wild-type) were all greater than 0.9 or less than 0.1, and all the allelic MFI ratios of heterozygotes were between 0.3 and 0.6. The within run and between run coefficients of variance for allelic MFI ratios were lower than 6.4% and 10.9%, respectively. The minimum DNA template requirements was 0.75ng. The genotypes of 260 patients determined by the established method were completely concordant with the sequencing results. Conclusion A method was established successfully for rapid detecting the genotypes which associated with warfarin and clopidogrel based on liquid phase chip technology.