Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of causes leading to visual acuity loss in the diabetic population.In recent years,great progress has been achieved in the treatment for DME.While laser photocoagulation and pars plana vitrectomy remain the standard of care,a new wave of methods,including intravitreal corticosteroid and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications,is emerging and shows the preliminary safety and efficacy profile for DME by a number of clinical trials.This article introduce the definition,classification,pathogenesis and the different treatment methods for DME,so to aid ophthalmologists in evaluating the most appropriate and up-todate management options in managing DME.Particular attention is paid to summarize recent peer-reviewed literatures of ranibizumab (Lucentis).

Over the past years, the incidence of lymphoma has been increasing, which has become one of the most common cancers around the world.The survival of lymphoma patients has been significantly improved due to advances of therapeutic methods such as new chemotherapy regimens, monoclonal antibodies and small molecular targeted drugs.However, the number of patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma still account for a large proportion.It is of great significance to find new ways to treat these patients.Cellular immunotherapy could kill tumor cells by causing specific and effective antitumor immune response.Remarkable advances have been made in immunotherapy, such as adoptive immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunomodulation therapy, for relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients, which will gradually open a new era in the treatment of lymphoma.

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for all NSCLC 45% . In recent years,chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy has become a new standard for NSCLC. On NSCLC radiothera-py and chemotherapy(CRCT),radiation total dose,fractionation method,different chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy have many details in the efficiency and toxicity tolerance,which are still in the exploration.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effect of a new surgical approaches for repairing the acute Achilles tendon rupture.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to January 2014, 21 patients with Achilles tendon rupture were treated by 2 minimally invasive incisions and remaining skin bridge of achilles tendon end including 16 males and 5 females with an average age of 44.3 years old ranging from 21 to 57 years old. Postoperative complications, the range of movement of affected ankle joint, the circumference calf and ankle on both side, time of reture to work and sports activity were observed and recorded. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was used to evaluate the functional recovery.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months with an average of 13.5 months. No skin necrosis, wound infection, deep vein thrombosis,re-rupture and sensory disturbance with the ankle or foot in the sural nerve distribution were found. At 1 year after operation, there was no significant difference in the range of movement between affected foot (55.4 ± 6.5)° and unaffected foot (56.3 ± 3.7)° (t = 0.872, P = 0.325). There was significant difference in AOFAS between preoperative (65.1 ± 6.9) and postoperative (94.3 ± 5.5) (t = 7.672, P = 0.013). All patients returned to work and study at an average of 10 weeks (ranged from 6 to 15 weeks) and 15 patients returned to normal sports activities at 21 weeks (ranged from 18 to 24 weeks). Calf and ankle circumferences decreased by 0.45 cm (0.3 to 0.8 cm) and increased by 0.4 cm (0.2 to 0.7 cm), respectively in the injured leg as compared with the contralateral leg.

CONCLUSIONThe simplicity of the technique of minimally invasive incision and skin bridge for acute closed Achilles tendon reconstruction is an effective and reliable method with low complication.

Achilles Tendon ; surgery ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Rupture

Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Sinusitis ; surgery

Phyllosphere and epiphytes have attracted significant interest of more and more researchers by their unique biological characteristics. Progress of research on phyllosphere and epiphytes was summarized in this paper, and the special emphasis was put on the characteristic of phyllosphere, microbial communities, invasion and the location of bacteria on leaf surfaces. Some ideas for further studies on phyllosphere microbes were also proposed.

Digestive tract reconstruction is the main part of gastrointestinal surgery. With the rapid development of technology and widely application in stapling device, more and more surgeons are using stapled anastomosis. Stapled anastomosis is associated with shorter operating time and hospital stay than hand-sewn anastomosis. However, it is not easy to select suitable ones from various staplers and use them correctly. Choice and reasonable application of staplers for anastomosis in gastrointestinal surgery are summarized and evaluated in this article.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; instrumentation ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Surgical Staplers

Arytenoid Cartilage ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; diagnosis ; Neoplasm Staging

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Perioperative Care ; Sinusitis ; surgery

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive angiography technique developed in recent years.Without using contrast medium,this technology can quickly and safely get retinal vascular images with relatively high-resolution.It has been widely used in the diagnosis and management of eye diseases,especially in the vascular diseases,such as diabetic retinopathy (DR),age-related macular degeneration (AMD),retinal central/branch venous obstruction (CRVO/BRVO),choroidal neovascularization(CNV),etc.This article reviews the clinical application of OCTA in diabetic retinopathy.