Objective: To research the expression of PTEN and its influence on biological ability in breast cancer cell in vivo. Methods: PTEN-shRNA plasmid was transtected into M231 breast cancer cells to knock down the expression of PTEN. The changes of PTEN expression, proliferation, adhesion and metastasis of PTEN knocked down cell were tested by western-blot, colony formation, adhesion and invasion assay. Results: PTEN-shRNA was successfully transfected into M231 cells and it inhibited PTEN expression efficiently.The capabilities of colony formation, migration and invasion of transfected cell were much greater than those of the controlling cell line. But the transfected cells were more difficulty in adhesion than the scrambled ones. Conclusion: PTEN genecan enhance the adhesion, but restrict the proliferation, migration of breast cancer cells in some degree, so that inhibit the development of the breast cancer. PTEN loss can be a prognostic factors for the patients with breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of chitosan/pCDNA3.1 (+) CrmA on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression of chondrocytes induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mRNA and protein levels.Methods Rabbit chondrocytes were isolated and cultured.Chondrocytes were treated with PBS,10 μg/ml chitosan (CS) and chitosan/ pCDNA3.1 (+)CrmA respectively for 6 hours.Then 10 ng/ml IL-1β was added into the culture medium.After 48 hours,real time polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR) and Western blot assay were used to examine the changes of MMP1 and TIMP-1 in mRNA and protein levels.Results In CS/pCDNA3.1 (+)CrmA treated group (0.44±0.04),the messenger RNA expression of MMP-1 in chondrocytes was significantly suppressed compared with corresponding samples of PBS treated group (1.00±0.05) and CS treated group (0.76±0.07),There was significant difference between three groups (F=106.93,P＜0.01).The MMP-1 protein expression of chondrocytes in CS/pCDNA3.1 (+)CrmA treated group (0.28±0.03) was lower than that of PBS treated group (0.73±0.06) and CS treated group (0.46±0.05)(F=59.66,P＜0.01).No significant difference of TIMP-1 expression among the three groups was observed in mRNA and protein levels.Conclusion CS/pCDNA3.1(+) CrmA can significantly inhibit the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-1 of chondrocytes induced by IL-1β,which leads to up-regulation the ratio of TIMPs to MMPs of IL-1β induced chondrocytes.It may be a part of the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of CS/pCDNA3.1 (+)CrmA on osteoarthritis.

Objective To study the effect of chitosan-pCrmA nanoparticles on the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).Methods Chitosan-pDNA nanoparticles were prepared and characterized.The transfection efficiency of chitosan-mediated pIRES2-EGFP was evaluated using fluorescence microscope.The cytotoxicity of chitosan-pIRES2-EGFP nanoparticles in primary rabbit chondrocytes was analyzed by MTT assay.The expression of chitosan-mediated pCrmA in primary rabbit chondrocytes was verified by Western blotting.The effect of chitosan-mediated CrmA on chondrocytes apoptosis induced by IL-1β were analyzed by TUNEL assay.One-way ANOVA was used to analysis.Results The size of chitosan-pDNA nanoparticles was 50 nm.The pDNA release of chitosan-pDNA nanoparticles appeared as biphasic release at pH 2.0 and pH 7.4 buffer.The expression of CrmA in rabbit primary chondrocytes mediated by chitosan could be detected.The chitosan-pIRES2-EGFP nanoparticles had no cytotoxicity.The apoptosis rate of chondrocytes in the chitosan-pCrmA nanoparticles treated group was significantly lower than that of the chitosan treated group (P＜0.05) and PBS group (P＜0.01).Conclsion Chitosan is an effective non-viral gene transfer vector.The CrmA mediated by chitosan can significantly inhibit chondrocytes apoptosis induced by IL-1β,suggesting that chitosan-pCrmA nanoparticles may be the treatment of osteoarthrifis.

Objective:To clarify whether IL-10 enhanced the M2 phenotype induced by IL-4.Methods:M-CSF induced bone marrow-derived macrophages ( BMDMs) were generated from C57BL/6J mice bone marrow cells.The RNA transcriptional profile was e-valuated using the Mouse Whole Genome.We performed in vitro eosinophil migration assay and in vivo macrophage transfer.Results:The results showed that IL-10 enhanced gene expression of M2a markers induced by IL-4 in M-CSF-induced BMDMs.Moreover,IL-4 and IL-10 synergistically induced CCL24 ( Eotaxin-2) production.Enhanced CCL24 expression was also observed in GM-CSF-induced BMDMs and zymosan-elicited,thioglycolate-elicited and naive peritoneal macrophages.CCL24 was a CCR3 agonist and an eosinophil chemoattractant.In vitro,IL-4+IL-10-stimulated macrophages produced a large amount of CCL24 and increased eosinophil migration, which was inhibited by anti-CCL24 antibody.IL-4+IL-10-stimulated ( but not IL-4 or IL-10 alone) macrophages transferred into the peritoneumof C57BL/6J mice increased eosinophil infiltration into the peritoneal cavity.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that IL-4+IL-10-simulated macrophages have enhanced M2a macrophage-related gene expression,CCL24 production and eosinophil infiltration-inducing activity,thereby suggesting theircontribution to eosinophil-related diseases.

In recent years, the incidences of male infertility and recurrent abortion are increasing. The causes of the conditions are varied and complex, but the affected stability of the genetic material in the sperm is an important etiological factor. Environmental pollutants may invade the body through respiration, diet and other channels, resulting in infertility and abortion or even affecting the reproductive system development of the offspring by changing the epigenetics of sperm DNA. In this paper, we propose the idea of using traditional Chinese medicine to prevent environmental pollutant-induced epigenetic changes of sperm DNA, hoping to provide a new insight into the protection against genetic material damage, male infertility, and recurrent abortion caused by environmental pollutants.
DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects

Anterolateral thigh flap is perfect for reconstructing maxillofacial soft tissue defects. This tissue has been widely used by clinicians, but often causes operation difficulties because of vascular variation. In this paper, we report a case where anteromedial thigh was used as new donor site when the vascular anatomic variation of anterolateral thigh perforator flap induced a failure in the flap harvest. Moreover, this paper discusses the anatomy and application of anteromedial thigh flap.
Humans ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; surgery ; Perforator Flap ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Thigh ; surgery

Lateral thoracic flap is a free flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects and has been previously used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. We reported a case involving a huge soft tissue defect on the parotid region caused by the resection of parotid epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma. We discussed the anatomy and application of the lateral thoracic flap.
Carcinoma ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Region ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To evaluate the operative techniques and the methods of the renal function protection in laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for the treatment of renal tumors.Methods Thirty-six renal tumor patients accepted transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy at the 70 degree lateral decubitus position.There were 17 tumors in the upper pole,13 in the lower pole and 6 in the center of kindey.The mean tumor diameter was 2.6 cm(from 0.8 to 4.0 cm).Peke forceps were used to clamp the renal artery and achieve warm ischemia.Cold scissors was used to resect tumors and Hem-o-lok was used to clamp and control the artery bleeding in surgical bed instead of ligature when suturing the kidney parenchyma.Ulinastatin was used to prevent and relieve the ischemical reperfusion injury.The operative time,estimated blood loss,warm ischemia time,intraoperative and postoperative complications and the operative efficacy were recorded.Results All operations were completed successfully,no case was converted to open surgery.The mean operative time was 128 min(95 to 186 min),mean estimated blood loss was 130 ml (40 to 600 ml),mean warm ischemia time was 21 min(16to 28 min).There was no hemorrhage and urinary leakage after surgery.The post-operative renal function was normal in all the cases.The histopathological examination showed that 36 cases were renal cell carcinoma including 31 pT1a,cases and 5 pT1b cases.There was no positive surgical margin.The mean follow-up time was 16 months (from 6 to 30 months).There was no recurrence and metastasis found and renal function was normal in all cases during the follow-up.Conclusions Laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors is a safe and feasible treatment option.This procedure can resect tumor safely and preserve renal function efficiently.The use of Hem-o-lok instead of ligature can significantly reduce the operative time.Ulinastatin can help reducing the ischemical reperfusion injury and thus preserve renal function.

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of free-frying granules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on treatment of chronic prostatitis. A total of 120 chronic prostatitis patients that were diagnosed with the dampness-heat and blood-stasis syndrome and kidney-deficiency syndrome were divided into the TCM group and western medicine group by random digit table. Category II and ⅢA chronic prostatitis were treated with oral administration of Levofloxacin Mesylate Tablets (0.2 g, bid) and the category ⅢB chronic prostatitis was treated with oral administration of Terazosin Hydrochloride Tablets (2 mg, qd). In the TCM group, the dampness-heat and blood-stasis syndrome was treated with Tongluo Qingjie formula ( which was self-made formula containing Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae, Herba Patriniae, Semen Plantaginis, and etc.) and the kidney-deficiency syndrome was treated with Jiawei Wuzhi Yanzong pills (which containing Semen Cuscutae, Chinese Wolfberry, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Rubi and Schisandra chinensis, and etc.). Four weeks was one course of treatment. The results showed that the total effective rate of TCM group was better than that of western medicine group (P< 0.05). Effect of TCM group was obviously better than that of western medicine group in the improvement of prostatitis NIH-CPSI score, the quality of life and symptoms of the patients. TCM may increase lecithin corpuscle in prostatic fluid of ⅢA chronic prostatitis (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, no obvious toxiferous and side reactions were found. It was concluded that the free-frying granules of TCM have good efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of the common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome pattern of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) with the contents of substance p and beta endorphin in the plasma, and provide reference data for the clinical diagnosis, differentiation and treatment of CPPS by TCM.

METHODSWe observed 98 cases of CPPS, which were classified into a lower-part damp-heat invasion group (group A, n = 32), a blood stasis-induced collateral obstruction group (group B, n = 34), and a damp-heat stagnation group (group C, n = 32) according to the TCM syndrome differentiation. Another 35 normal healthy young men were enrolled as controls. We measured the contents of substance p and beta endorphin in the plasma by immunoradiometry and ELISA, and analyzed their relationship with the TCM syndrome pattern.

RESULTSThe contents of plasma substance p were significantly higher in groups A ([1135.76 +/- 166.45] pg/ml), B ([1 337.84 +/- 170.81] pg/ml), and C ([1 210.01 +/- 162.27] pg/ml) than in the control ([574.99 +/- 113.09] pg/ml) (all P < 0.01), while the contents of plasma beta endorphin in groups A ([212.70 +/- 29.49] pg/ml), B ([157.99 +/- 24.01] pg/ml), and C ([180.81 +/- 20.20] pg/ml) were remarkably lower than that in the control ([274.73 +/- 27.64] pg/ml) (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn the plasma of CPPS patients, the content of substance p is significantly elevated and that of beta endorphin markedly reduced, which suggests that they may be involved in the inflammatory reaction of CPPS. The levels of plasma substance p and beta endorphin can be used as valuable reference for the TCM classification of chronic prostatitis.

Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Pelvic Pain ; blood ; classification ; Prostatitis ; blood ; classification ; Substance P ; blood ; Syndrome ; beta-Endorphin ; blood