Objective:To investigate the occurrence and pathological changes of the limb ischemia-reperfusion injury of different phases and the combined effects of hyperbaric oxygen and mannitol on the apoptosis and ultramicrostructure changes of rats.Methods:204 SD rats were randomly divided into various groups,underwent different phases of reperfusion after 8 hours of sustained ischemia,and treated with hyperbaric oxygen and/or mannitol for five days.The expression of cell poptosis-related gene Bax,and Bcl-2 was detected through the paraffin sections of rat skeletal muscle.Electron microscope was used to observe the ultramicrostructure changes of the gastrocnemius muscle under the effects of different interventions.Results:In all the intervention groups the Bax levels at 4 h,24 h,72 h after reperfusion were significantly less than in the control groups.In HBO and mannitol-HBO groups the Bcl-2 levels at 4 h,24 h were significantly higher than in the control groups.And in mannitol groups the Bcl-2 levels at 4h were significantly higher.In hyperbaric oxygen groups,the cellular swelling of skeletal muscle and the local cytokine response were significantly lower,almost without microvascular thrombosis in capillary vessel.The sarcomere was rarely collapsed,little plasma membrane was shattered,little mitochondrial swelled or changed into the myelinfigure.The combined effects of hyperbaric oxygen and mannitol were significantly better than single-use of hyperbaric oxygen or mannitol(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of thermal and mechanical cycling on the metal-ceramic bond strength of machine-milled Ti2448 alloy and commercial pure titanium (cp Ti).

METHODSCeramic-cp Ti (n = 30) specimens and ceramic-Ti2448 combinations (n = 30) were prepared in accordance with ISO 9693. The specimens from each metal-ceramic combination were randomly divided into three subgroups. In group A or the control group, the specimens were only stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37 °C; in groups B and C, the specimens were subjected to 3,000 cycles of thermal cycling between 5 and 55 °C for a dwell time of 60 s and to mechanical cycling of 20,000 or 40,000 cycles with 50 N load and 4 Hz in distilled water at 37 °C. A crack initiation test was performed using a universal testing machine in accordance with ISO 9693. Failure types at the metal-ceramic interface and the morphological and elemental composition of this interface were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. Statistical analysis was performed via two-way ANOVA and Tukey's adjustment test (α = 0.05).

RESULTSThe bond strength of the ceramic-Ti2448 combination was significantly higher than that of the ceramic-cp Ti combination regardless of fatigue conditions (44.86 MPa ± 1.75 MPa and 29.21 MPa ± 2.20 MPa for Ti2448 and cp Ti, respectively; P < 0.01). The mean bond strengths of ceramic-cp Ti and ceramic-Ti2448 combinations in group C were significantly lower than that of group A (P < 0.01). Although ceramic-cp Ti combination failed adhesively at the metal-ceramic interface without the ceramic on the substrate surface, Ti2448 frameworks exhibited cohesive failure; as a result, large amounts of residual porcelain were retained on the specimens.

CONCLUSIONThe metal-ceramic bond strength of cp Ti and Ti2448 is decreased by thermal and mechanical cycling.

Objective:To explore the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS)detected by ultrasonography and ECG abnormality and correlation between CAS and blood pressure in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 389 CHD patients were divided into CAS group (n=213)and no CAS group (n=176).ECG abnormalities were compared between two groups,and ECG and blood pressure were compared among patients with different degrees of CAS in CAS group.Results:Compared with no CAS group,there were significant rise in constituent ratios of atrial fibrillation,Ⅱ~Ⅲ°atrioventricular block,total lead number of ST segment de-pression,and of abnormal T wave,ST segment deviation complicated abnormal T wave and angina pectoris compli-cated ST segment depression in CAS group (P <0.05~<0.01).Along with CAS grade increased (grade I~ grade IV),there were gradual rise in percentages of atrial fibrillation (8.33% vs.21.33% vs.31.03% vs.45.00%),to-tal lead number of ST segment depression (17.64% vs.27.22% vs.37.07% vs.52.08%),total lead number of ab-normal T wave (5.00% vs.6.56% vs.10.34% vs.22.08%)and ST segment deviation complicated abnormal T wave (26.67% vs.37.33% vs.50.00% vs.60.00%),P <0.05 or <0.01. There were no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP)between no CAS group and CAS group,but systolic blood pressure (SBP)and pulse pressure (PP)of CAS patients were significantly higher than those of no CAS patients,and they gradually elevated along with CAS severity increased (P <0.05~<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CAS was signifi-cant positively correlated with SBP and PP (r =2.064,1.348,P <0.01 both).Conclusion:The incidence rate of abnormal ECG in CHD patients complicated CAS is higher than that of CHD patients without CAS;and CAS is pos-itively correlated with blood pressure.Therefore,carotid ultrasonography can better reflect CHD patients′condition.

As an important component of functional genomics,epigenetics is a subdiscipline within genetics and refers to heritable changes in gene expression without any alteration in DNA sequence,including DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling and microRNA (miRNA).Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role on the development of B-cell lymphomas,as it has been reported that perturbation of epigenetic pattern and mutations in epigenetic mechanisms are frequent events in B-cell lymphomas.This review summarized the research progress on DNA methylation,histone modification and miRNA as well as their roles in the development,treatment and prognosis of B-cell lymphomas.

Faced with huge demand for building public health capacity in the post-Ebola era, Africa Union has planned to establish Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( Africa CDC,ACDC), with headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and at least 5 regional collaborating centers in each region of the continent .The strategic objectives of ACDC focus on building a continental integrated public health system and strengthening needed public health capacity .The current study analyzed the background , plans, development layout and strategy of ACDC , and provided references for China-Africa cooperation in the areas of public health and for the formulation of China global strategies of biosecurity and disease prevention and control .

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of mycobacterium bovis in combination with antituberculosis drugs for initially treated smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)in senile patients.METHODS:A total of 121 initially treated smear positive TB cases were assigned to receive 2HReZE/4HRe alone(control group,n=61)or in combination with Mycobacterium bovis(22.5 ?g,once in two weeks for 6 months started at the end of the second week,treatment group,n=60).RESULTS:At the end of the first and second month since treatment,the sputum negative conversion rates showed significant differences between the treatment group and the control group(63.9% and 86.9% respectively in treatment group vs.30.0% and 58.3%,respectively in control group)(P0.05).CONCLUSION:As compared with antituberculosis drugs alone,the concomitant use of mycobacterium bovis and antituberculosis drugs shortened the time for the sputum negative conversion,focal absorption on X-ray chest film and clinical symptom improvement in initially treated smear positive senile TB patients,and mycobacterium bovis is a satisfactory immunotherapeutic agent for TB and it can be used in combination with antituberculosis drugs for smear positive senile TB patients.

The delta-shaped anastomosis is an emerging operation method in digestive tract reconstruction following total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG).With the advantages of small surgical trauma,short anastomosis time and simple manipulation,it has been gradually accepted by surgeons.However,restricted by small manipulation range,restrictive visual range and large anastomotic lumen,there are controversies in complete resection of tumor,intraoperative indexes,postoperative recovery and prevention and treatment of complications about TLDG with delta-shaped anastomosis.In this paper,the operative indications,intraoperative indexes and postoperative recovery of TLDG with delta-shaped anastomosis were reviewed.

Objective To explore the risk factors of malignant glaucoma of primary angle-closure glaucoma post operation.Methods The clinical data of 500 patients (705 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma who received glaucoma surgery were retrospectivly analyzed.25 patients (30 eyes) with malignant glaucoma after surgery were selected as observation group,475 patients (675 eyes) with no malignant glaucoma after surgery were selected as the control group.The gender,age,type of glaucoma,preoperative intraocular pressure,anterior chamber depth,relative position of the lens , lens thickness , length of optic axis , corner structure and operation method of the two groups were recorded.Single factor analysis was conducted by chi-square test and t test,multiple factors analysis was conducted by Logistic regression analysis.Results Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in gender,age,glaucoma types,intraocular pressure and ocular axis length in the two groups (χ2 =5.394,4.785,6.475, 4.907,4.890,all P<0.05).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis results showed that age (OR=3.774,95%CI 1.765-3.774,P=0.004),and length of optic axis (OR=2.684,95% CI 1.363 to 6.953,P=0.005) were independent risk factors of primary angle -closure glaucoma post operation.Conclusion Women, younger age, chronic angle -closure glaucoma, continuous high intraocular pressure, corner completely closed, shallow anterior chamber,crystals thinner and shorter optic axis of primary angle -closure glaucoma patients prone to malignant glaucoma postoperation,especially younger age and optic axis short patients,should be given enough attention.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of salivary gland scintigraphy for primary Sj?gren’s syndrome (pSS). Methods:This study took 50 pSS patients and 50 healthy women as the control group. All of them were performed salivary gland scintigraphy. We observed the imaging of salivary gland scintigraphy for two groups, and evaluated their salivary gland function. Results: In 50 patients with pSS, eight patients (16.0%) of bilateral parotid and submandibular glands were functioned well. While the function of bilateral parotid function and/or bilateral submandibular gland were observed reduction in other patients with pSS. The uptaking function decreased obviously in the typical patients with pSS, who are with bilateral parotid and submandibular glands. The uptake of 99TcmO4-was decreased in salivary glands, and the uptake of the oral cavity was lessened. After taken vitamin C tablets, there was no obvious concentration of 99TcmO4-. The time-radioactive type curve has continued to rise. The UR, S/T, SR and V of pSS patients were significantly lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Salivary gland scintigraphy is a non-invasive diagnosis with high-value for primary Sj?gren’s syndrome patients.

Objective To evaluate the biological safety of a Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy fabricated by laser solid forming technology.Methods According to the requirements of national standards GB/T16886-2003,YY/T0279-1995 and YY/T0244-1996,general cytotoxicity,acute systemic toxicity,hemolysis testing,oral mucous membrane irritation testing were used to evaluate the alloy.Results The alloy was indicated having no cytotoxicity and with a hemolytic rate of 0.385%.The oral mucous membrane irritation testing showed that the alloy had no mucous membrane irritation.The acute systemic toxicity test indicated that the alloy had no acute systemic toxicity.Conclusion The Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy has good biological safety in a certain extent.