BACKGROUND:Subcutaneous effusion often occurs after digital shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty, and affects therapeutic effects.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the causes and corresponding prevention measures of subcutaneous effusion after digital shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and treatment methods of 19 cases of subcutaneous effusion after digital shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty, summarized the postoperative complications and explored the effective methods for prevention and treatment of subcutaneous effusion.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After active treatment, five cases of dural breakage, four cases of foreign body stimulation, three cases of getting out of bed early, three cases of early extubation, three cases of long-time operation repair, and one case of excessive use of electric knife were al cured. Dural breakage and foreign body stimulation is considered as the main causes of postoperative effusion. Patients with subcutaneous effusion were given releasing elastic bandage, aspiration, and strict bed rest. After these active treatments, patients were al cured. Subcutaneous effusion may result from single or mixed factors. The above-mentioned causes are only a part. Non-central suspension, incomplete hemostasis, and preoperative excessive colapse of the bone window are al reported to be the reasons for the occurrence of subcutaneous effusion.

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Bai-Zhu Fu-Ling (BZFL) Decoction in different proportion-ing on VIP and VIPR1 in Crohn's disease (CD) rats with spleen deficiency syndrome, in order to further explore the immunologic mechanism of BZFL Decoction on CD. The CD rat model with spleen deficiency syndrome was estab-lished using exhaustion and hunger. The model rats were treated by BZFL Decoction with different proportioning, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of VIP and its receptor in colon tissues. The results showed that comparing to the blank control group, the level of VIP and its receptor of the model group significantly increased (P< 0.05). Comparing to the model group, the level of VIP and its receptor in BZFL Decoction B5 group (Rhizoma A tractylodis Macrocephalae:Poria = 12:15), B6 group (Rhizoma A tractylodis Macrocephalae:Poria = 15:12) and B7 group (Rhizoma A tractylodis Macrocephalae:Poria = 18:9) was significantly decreased (P< 0.05). It was con-cluded that the effect of BZFL Decoction of B5 group, B6 group and B7 group was better than other groups in VIP and its receptor which can regulate the VIP and its receptor, inhibit the releasing of inflammatory factors and reduce intestinal inflammation injury.

In order to explore the suitable diseases and symptoms treated by bleeding therapy so as to guide the clinical practice. The retrospective study of periodical literature series is used and all clinical literatures about bleeding therapy were searched in the China Journal Full Text Database in CNKI, the VIP Chinese Scientific Journals Full Text Database (CSJD), Wanfang Database, and the Chinese Bio-medical Literature Database, and the frequen cy of the literature and the total cases treated with bleeding therapy were statistically analyzed, and the principles and methods of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine were used to classify and grade the literatures, and the diseases were classified according to the international statistical classification about diseases and related healthy problems (ICD10) issued by World Health Organization. As a result, 1149 effective literatures including 98,526 cases were searched out, which were involved in 18 major systems and 261 kinds of diseases. It is indicated that the bleeding therapy has lots of suitable diseases and symptoms and it is worth to be popularized. Particularly, this therapy has obvious advantages for treatment of herpes zoster, acne, hordeolum, cervical spondylosis, and oral ulcer.
Bibliography of Medicine ; Bibliometrics ; Bloodletting ; methods ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate plasma NGF expression in adriamycin induced rat heart failure (HF) model .Methods Twenty‐five Wistar rats were randomly divided into the CHF group (n=15 ,adriamycin 4 mg/kg ,by intraperitoneal injection ,for 6 weeks) and normal control group (NC group ,n=10) ,after successful model construction ,the 6‐week observation was continuously conducted .The body mass and plasma NGF expression were detected once per 2 weeks .Results After 6 weeks later ,the body mass in the CHF group was significantly reduced ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,LVEDV and LVESV were sig‐nificantly increased ,while LVEF was declined obviously (P<0 .05) ,the NGF expression amount was significantly decreased com‐pared with the control group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05);the NGF expression amount was gradually re‐duced with the time extension of disease course(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin can successfully in‐duce heart failure model in Wistar rats ,moreover NGF may be closely associated with HF .

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin on human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 and its mechanism. The proliferation inhibitory rate of RPMI8226 cells was assayed by MTT, the morphological changes of RPMI-8226 cells were observed by inverted fluorescent microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the apoptosis rate and the cell cycle distribution of RPMI-8226 cells were detected by flow cytometry, The effects of oxaliplatin on the expression of Bcl-2, caspase-8, caspase-3 mRNA were tested by RT-PCR, Bcl-2 protein expression of RPMI-8226 cells was analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that oxaliplatin could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells in time and dose-dependent manners. Cell number in oxaliplatin group was significantly less than that in control group under light microscope, and the growth arrangement was irregular, apoptotic cells could be seen. Under electron microscope, typical apoptotic morphological and ultrastructural changes could be observed. Flow cytometry results showed that oxaliplatin could induce apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells, the difference have statistical significance (P < 0.05). Oxaliplatin mainly arrested RPMI-8226 cells in the S phase (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA did not have apparent change, while the expression of caspase-8, caspase-3 mRNA increased (P < 0.05). Western blot results suggested that the expression of Bcl-2 protein had no obvious change. It is concluded that the oxaliplatin can induce apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells, activating the death receptor pathway and arresting cell cycle may be two of the related mechanisms, Bcl-2 gene has unobservable effects in the process of oxaliplatin-induced cell apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the significance of HSP47 gene in the development of pathological scar.

METHODSThe nude mice were used to reconstruct animal model of pathological scar. 16 days later, the mixture of recombinant HSP47siRNA and liposome was injected into the pathological scar in experimental group. In the control group, 0.25 ml PBS was injected intraperitoneally. 7 days after injection, the specimens were collected for detection of mRNA of HSP47, the collagen and for immunohistochemical study.

RESULTSIn the control and experimental group, the collagen content was (91.71 +/- 1.24)% and (82.12 +/- 4.79)%, respectively; the expression of HSP47mRNA was 1 042 862.01 +/- 604 194.36 and 306 123.68 +/- 105 857.08, respectively; the expression of collagen I mRNA was 10 228 614.70 +/- 2 532 879.04 and 6 011 841.97 +/- 2 886 897.17, respectively;the scar volume was (255.60 +/- 21.34) mm3 and (132.99 +/- 24.06) mm3, respectively. All the above results showed significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe collagen production can be reduced through suppression of the expression of HSP47 gene. It indicates that HSP47 gene enhance the development of keloid and could be used as the target of treatment.

Animals ; Cicatrix ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Liposomes ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; therapeutic use

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 protein G (APOBEC3G) is part of the innate immune system of host cells and has cytidine deaminase activity. It specifically incorporates into the virion during HIV-1 replication. The incorporation of APOBEC3G needs its interaction with HIV-1 Gag. In the HIV-1 reverse transcription process, APOBEC3G deaminates dC to dU in the first minus strand cDNA, and then induces extensive hypermutation in the viral genome. Besides deamination, APOBEC3G also inhibits HIV-1 by some kinds of non-deamination mechanisms which need to be further elucidated. HIV-1 Vif counteracts the activity of APOBEC3G by an ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G. As a broad spectrum inhibitor of viruses, APOBEC3G also inhibits various retroviruses, retrotransposons and other viruses like HBV. Upregulating the expression of APOBEC3G or blocking the Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G might be novel strategies to treat HIV-1 infection in the future.
APOBEC-3G Deaminase ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Anti-HIV Agents ; metabolism ; Cytidine Deaminase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; HIV Infections ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Virus Replication ; vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) on dendritic cells (DC).

METHODSMurine bone marrow cells were cultured with different cytokine combinations to develop immature DC (imDC, GM-CSF only) and TGFbeta-DC (GM-CSF + TGF-beta1), and their responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were observed. The cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy and their phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The allogeneic stimulating capacity of DC was assayed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with BrdU incorporation. IL-12p70 protein was detected by ELISA and the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DCs were analyzed with semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared to imDC, the TGFbeta-DC had no significant alterations in ultrastructure after LPS stimulation. The expressions of CD80, CD86 were lower on TGFbeta-DC than on imDC [(4.14 +/- 0.95)% vs (13.90 +/- 7.22)%; (8.60 +/- 0.75)% vs (20.63 +/- 5.03)%, P < 0.05, both]. The TGFbeta-DC kept their immature morphology after LPS stimulation, but the expressions of I-Ab and CD80 were slightly increased. After 96 h MLR, TGFbeta-DC had weaker stimulating capacity than imDC did, especially when DC/T cells ratios were 1:4 and 1:1 (P < 0.05, both). TGFbeta-DC showed impaired IL-12p70 production and down-regulation of TLR4 expression.

CONCLUSIONSTGF-beta1 can inhibit the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC. The TGFbeta-DC is resistant to maturation stimulus (LPS) and might be linked with TLR4 down-regulation.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; immunology ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of docetaxel on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 and its mechanism. The inhibitory rate of multiple myeloma cells was detected by MTT, the morphological and ultrastructural changes of RPMI8226 cells were observed by using inverted fluorescent microscope and transmission electron microscope, the apoptosis-inducing effect of docetaxel on RPMI-8226 cells was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin-V FITC/PI staining, the cell distribution in cell cycle of RPMI-8226 cells was assayed using flow cytometry with PI staining; the effect of docetaxel on expression of BCL-2, caspase-8, caspase-3 mRNA was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR, the expression changes of BCL-2 protein in RPMI-8226 cells before and after treatment with docetaxel were measured by using Western blot. The results indicated that 0.25 - 8.0 µg/ml docetaxel obviously inhibited the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells in both time- and dose-dependent manners. Cell number of docetaxel-treated group was significantly less than control group under inverted fluorescent microscope, and the cell arrangement was irregular, necrotic cells could be seen occasionally. By transmission electron microscope, the morphological and ultrastructural changes of cell typical apoptosis could be observed, a few necrotic cells could be captured, too. Compared with control group, docetaxel induced the apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cell line (P < 0.01). Docetaxel mainly arrested RPMI-8226 cells in the G(2)/M phase (P < 0.01). The expression of BCL-2 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 increased (P < 0.05). Western blot indicated that BCL-2 protein expression also decreased (P < 0.05). It is concluded that docetaxel can inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Activation of the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis may be involved in the docetaxel-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest may also play an important role in the apoptosis mechanism.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Taxoids ; pharmacology

s: The onset of Crohn’s disease (CD) is the interaction of environment, heredity, infection, immune and other factors. It is also closely related to abnormal immune functions. Without special treatment, CD is identified as a modern refractory disease. By syndrome differentiation and treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can effectively relieve disease conditions, improve the quality of life and reduce side effects of modern medication. The core compatibility ofBai-Zhu andFu-Ling can reinforce spleen-qi and dispel dampness, which met the common pathogenesis of CD. Therefore, the combination is comprehensively used in the compound prescription. Our previous study found thatBai-Zhu Fu-Ling decoctioncan reduce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) of animal model of spleen-qi deficiency, downregulate VIP receptors, decrease the affinity of VIP receptors and improve animal model’s sIgA. To further clarify the effects about neurotransmitters and their correlation with the immune system in the pathogenesis of CD and the intervention mechanism treated by different proportional compatibility ofBai-Zhu Fu-Ling decoction, we studied influences of the decoction on related transmitters of nerve- immune network and functions of receptors, as well as cytokine secretion and signal transduction of TLR4-NF-κB. Our studies can provide references and foundations to further explore TCM treatment of CD.