Neurodegenerative diseases,which are common nervous system diseases,seriously affect people''s life quality and even lives. So the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is attracting more and more attention in recent years. People gradually realize that endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases through studying the function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Neurodegen-erative diseases, endoplasmic reticulum stress,unfolded protein responsewere used as the key words of retrieval performance in the databases such as Pubmed,CNKI and so on. And the papers which closely re-lated with the theme were chosen to investigate the association between alzheimer''s disease,parkinson''s dis-ease,Huntington'' s disease ,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ERS. It turned out that the expression of mo-lecular chaperone GRP78/Bip was increased in all neurodegenerative diseases, and the phosphorylation of eIF2α increased in most neurodegenerative diseases. However, the expression of some ERS-related factors was completely different in different neurodegenerative diseases. Thus,the study of ERS may be an important breakthrough for the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

OBJECTIVE To establish hospital infection information surveillance system connecting with hospital information system(HIS)in order to achieve real time monitoring,process management and data upload for hospital infection.METHODS According to the national rules of law and the experience of hospital infection management,the software had been developed by using PowerBuilder as program tool and Oracle as database.RESULTS The software could be utilized in the real time monitoring for all inpatients.It had the function of inquiry,statistics and upload.CONCLUSIONS The subsystem connecting with HIS may improve efficiency and effectiveness for preventing and controlling hospital infection.

Flipping the classroom is a new teaching mode in which the students learn some-thing through the network autonomous learning before class, in classroom students interact with teach-ers, internalized and absorb what they have learned, and then consolidate it after class. So it can resultin real-timeevaluation of learning effect by different means, different objects and form and can ef-fectively give secondary feed back comments, which has important significance for the improvement of teaching and learning effects at all levels. Article discusses how to effectively use formative assess-ment method to conduct effective monit oringand feed back to improve the flipped classroom activi-ties. It also explore show to strengthen and exercise their student's ability in the application process.

Objective To discuss the clinical feature and the treatment of severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and provide the basis for control of the disease. Methods The clinical data of 60 children with severe HFMD were retrospectively analyzed. Results All the 60 cases appeared fever and the erythra in hand, foot, mouth and gluteal region. Part of the children appeared jumping, body shaking, poor spirit and/or sleepiness. Some children appeared convulsion, and neurogenic pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, cardiorespiratory failure happened in 2 critical severe cases. The children were given the comprehensive treatment including ribavirin, mannitol, human immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. Forty-three cases were cured, 15 cases were improved, and 2 cases died. Conclusions Severe HFMD children usually appear critical condition. Early detection of critical signs and correct and effective clinical treatment can promote children's recovery and reduce the mortality rate.

Objective To establish mouse models of total body irradiation (TBI) with different doses of 60 Co radiation combined with skin defect, so as to investigate the influence of TBI on wound healing and the pathophysiological changes in combined radiation injury and skin defect. Methods A total of 180 female Kunming mice were irradiated with a single dose of 4, 6 or 8 Gy 60 Co ray. Within 30 min after irradiation,a full thickness square wounds (1.5cm×1.5cm) was made on the back of mice to establish animal models of TBI combined with skin defect (n=50), another 30 mice with pure skin defect were used as controls (n=30). Mice in each group were sacrificed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after injury, each time 6 mice, and the full thickness wounds were harvested. Histological method was used to evaluate the changes of inflammatory cells, fibro blasts and new blood capillaries in the wounds. Image analysis system was used to analyze the areas of the residual wounds. The survival rates and body weight changes of mice within 14 days were analyzed in all groups. Results On the 7th and 14th day after injury, the survival rates of mice in the 6 Gy group were 75% and 55%, respectively. While in the 8 Gy group the survival rate of mice was only 33% on the 7th day,and all the animals died by the 10th day. Within 14 days after injury, the body weight loss of mice demonstrated an increasing tendency with the increase of radiation doses (4,6,and8 Gy groups). TBI delayed wound healing in mice with the increase of irradiation dose.The unhealed areas in the 6 and 8 Gy groups were larger than that in the control group on the 2nd day (P<0.01), and that in 4 Gy group was significantly larger than that in the control group on the 8th day (P<0.05). H-E staining showed that the early inflammatory responses were inhibited, the increase of fibroblasts and new capillaries were greatly delayed, and the granulation tissue formation and reepithelialization were slowed down in the TBI group compared with the simple wound group.Conclusion Animal models of TBI with 6 Gy 60 Co ray combined with skin defect can serve as a platform to study the mechanism of difficult healing and early treatment of radiation injury combined with skin defect.

Objective To observe whether the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) which carry BMP-2/Tet-on genes and are microcapsulated by alginate polylysine alginate (APA) and seeded onto calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds can express bone morphogenetic proteins-2(BMP-2) and secrete collagen proteins.Methods The BMSCs from rats were prepared,transfected with adenoviruses carrying BMP-2/Tet-on genes,and then microcapsulated by APA.Eight porous CPC scaffolds were prepared and mounted onto a 12-hole plate.The experiment was conducted in 3 groups,with 4 parallel specimens in each group.Microcapsulated BMSCs with the target gene were seeded onto the CPC scaffolds in the experimental group; the transfected BMSCs were seeded into the plate holes as positive controls; APA microcapsules without cells were seeded onto the CPC scaffolds as blank controls.The culture medium in each group was taken for ELISA examination on 3,6,9 and 12 days to evaluate the BMP-2 concentrations respectively.The samples in the experimental group were fixed,sliced and dyed to observe secretion of collagen.Results On 3,6,9 and 12 days after culture,the BMP-2 concentrations were 4713.98 ± 178.50 μg/mL,3288.85 ± 194.38 μg/mL,1292.25 ± 300.11 μg/mL and 337.19 ± 84.49 μg/mL respectively in the experimental group; 4663.87 ±242.99 μg/mL,3250.67 ±293.72 μg/mL,1276.74 ± 157.10 μg/mL and 293.65 ±92.48 μg/mL respectively in the positive controls; 105.14 ± 10.93 μg/mL,91.42 ± 18.00 μg/mL,89.63 ± 12.99 μg/mLand 108.72 ± 23.90 μg/mL respectively in the blank controls.There were significant differences between the 3 groups at each same time point (P ＜ 0.05).The blank controls were significantly different from both the experimental group and the positive controls (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the positive controls (P ＞ 0.05).Collagen fibrils were observed by optic microscopy in the sections of the experimental group.Conclusion As microcapsulated BMSCs can survive in CPC scaffolds and express a significant amount of BMP-2 and secrete collagen proteins as expected,they can be used for further experiments in vivo.

Objective To construct expression vectors that Renilla reniformis (Rluc) fused with neurotensin type 1 receptor (NTSR1),and to investigate the interaction between NTSR1 and other receptors,as well as intercellular signal transduction mechanism mediated by neurotensinl-R.Methods The human NTSR1 gene was amplified by PCR using the plasmid pcDNA3.1-hNTSR1 as template.The PCR product was digested,ligased with the plasmid pRluc and then be transformed into the competent cell Top10.The construct was identified by DNA sequencing.The recombinant plasmid was transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 ( HEK293 )cells,and the expression of pRluc-hNTSR1-pcDNA3.1 was detected by confocal microscopy and Western blot.Results The fragment of 1257 bp was amplified by PCR,and the DNA sequences were identical with the gene in GenBank ( NM_002531 ).Western blot showed a band about 90kDa.Confocal microscopy showed that NTSR1 was expressed on the plasma membrane.Conclusion The pRluc-hNTSR1-pcDNA3.1 eukaryotic expression vector is successfully constructed,and the expression vector can be used to investigate the interaction between NTSR1 and other receptors,as well as intercellular signal transduction mechanism mediated by neurotensinl-R,which will provide new target for drug development.

Objective The incidence of breast cancer in China obviously keeps rising in recent years. The optical tomo?graphy image ultrasonography system ( OPTIMUS) is gradually applied in clinic as a new imaging diagnostic technique, but few system?atic studies are reported on its application to the diagnosis of breast tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the value of OPTIMUS in differentiating benign and malignant breast masses by measuring the maximum hemoglobin concentration ( MHC) in the lesions using OPTIMUS with the help of the results of controlled pathological study. Methods This prospective study included 380 cases of breast tumor ( 210 benign and 170 malignant ) treated from April 2009 to April 2014. We measured the MHC using OPTIMUS, detected the expressions of VEGF and PECAM?1/CD31 by immunohistochemistry, calculated the optimal threshold valve of MHC in predicting breast malignancy with the ROC curve, and analyzed the correlation of the MHC value with benign and malignant lesions, lymph node metasta?sis, and the expressions of VEGF and PECAM?1/CD31. Results The mean MHC was significantly higher in the malignant than in the benign lesions ([215.33±69.31] vs [116.50±55.31] μmol/L, P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.836 (95%CI 0.684-0.989). The optimal threshold valve in the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions was 135.00 μmol/L, with a sensitivity of 84.7% and a specificity of 89%. When the tumor was≤2 cm, the MHC was significantly higher in the patients with lymph node metas?tasis than in those without ([207.73±66.43] vs [184.36±62.13] μmol/L, P<0.05). However, the MHC was markedly lower in the benign masses with VEGF and PECAM?1/CD31 negative than in the malignant lesions with VEGF and PECAM?1/CD31 positive ([116.50±55.31] vs [205.73±72.46] μmol/L, P<0.05) and strongly positive ([244.21±63.56] μmol/L, P<0.05). Strongly posi?tive expressions of VEGF and PECAM?1/CD31 were positively correlated with MHC ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Measurement of MHC by OPTIMUS contributes to the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions and has a potential value for preoperative assessment of the prognosis of breast cancer.

In the context of higher medical education reform in our country,to vigorously promote the development of teachers' teaching work can promote the improvement of teachers' teaching ability and level.This study describes the history of the development of teacher education at home and abroad,introduces the form and content of teachers' workshops,seminars,micro courses and lesson study,and compares the form and content of teacher education at home and abroad,which provides scientific reference and basis for the introduction of policies of China's education related departments and the construction of the teacher development alliance between universities and colleges.