Purpose To detect the distribution of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) in patients with hypertension and evaluate its related risk factors in order to reduce long-term risk of cerebral hemorrhage in large areas. Materials and Methods A consecutive 110 patients of hypertension and 50 patients of non-hypertension in the departments of cardiovascular medicine and neurology were enrolled. All the patients underwent T2 star weighted angiography (SWAN) sequence scan of head. The location and quantity of CMB and other related information of patients were recorded. The distribution of CMB in patients with hypertension and correlation between CMB and age, sex, level of hypertension, duration of time, hemoglobin, platelets, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia were also analyzed. Results A total of 472 CMB were detected in the hypertension group, of which 212 CMB (44.9%) were found in deep brain, 149 (31.6%) were in cortical and subcortical region, 111 (23.5%) under the tentorium. The highest distribution of CMB was in thalamus (98, 20.8%), followed by basal ganglia (78, 16.5%), temporal lobe (64, 13.6%) and brainstem (62, 13.1%). The univariate analysis showed that CMB group had significantly higher rate of hypertension and diabetes than that without CMB and the average age in CMB group was also higher (P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that age and hypertension were independent risk factors for CMB. In hypertension group, there was statistically significant difference in the incidence of CMB between patients aged 45 and older and those aged under 45 (P<0.05);the differences were significant between the patients with hypertension duration time less than 5 years, those with hypertension duration time 5 to 10 years and those over 10 years (P<0.05);the differences also existed between the patients with hypertension at class I and those patients with hypertension at class II and III (P<0.05). The quantity of CMB in patients with hypertension was correlated with duration time (P<0.05), but not correlated with age and the severity of hypertension (P>0.05). Conclusion Hypertension and age are independent risk factors for CMB. Patients aged 45 and older, with more than 5 years duration of hypertension, or with hypertension at class II and III, should be paid more attention in clinic. If necessary, magnetic resonance examination is suggested to be used, in order to reduce long-term risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective:To investigate the effect of compound Sanggou granules on the activity of Fib, AT-Ⅲ, t-PA, PAI-1 and t-PA/ PAI-1 in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: The hyperlipidemic rat model was established by feeding high fat diet to SD male rats. Sixty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: the normal diet control group, high fat control group, high dose drug group, low dose drug group and fluvastatin sodium group. Four weeks after the administration, the blood samples were withdrawn for the determination of the levels of blood lipid, Fib, A-Ⅲ, t-PA, PAI-1 and t-PA/ PAI-1. Results:Compared with those of the normal diet control group, the levels of TC, LDL-C, Fib and PAI-1 were increased and the levels of HDL-C, t-PA , AT-Ⅲand t-PA/ PAI-1 were decreased significantly (P<0. 01) in the high fat control group. Compared with those of the high fat control group, the levels of TC, LDL-C, PAI-1 and Fib were decreased(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05),and the levels of HDL-C, t-PA AT-Ⅲ and t-PA/PAI-1 were in-creased significantly in the high dose drug group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The similar effects were shown in the fluvastatin sodium group with the stability of AT-Ⅲ. The levels of TC, LDL-C and PAI-1 were decreased and the levels of t-PA/PAI-1 were increased no-tably in the low dose drug group. Conclusion: Compound Sanggou granules exhibit hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic rats, and can improve hypercoagulability and enhance anticoagulation and fibrinolytic activity in hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, compound Sanggou granules at high dose show the same effect as fluvastatin sodium, even in anticoagulation, the granules are superior to fluvasta-tin sodium.

Objective To investigate the transfer rate of alkaloids in extraction and purification process of Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis (CPA) and to ascertain the optimal purification technology.Methods We purified the alkaloids from Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis by AB-8 macroporous resin.With the contents of berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride as the reference indexes,content determination of alcohol extract,sample solution and eluent from AB-8 macroporous resin were determined by HPLC.Results The optimal technology was as follows:using 8-fold 75 %(V/V) ethanol as extract,extracting for 3 times and lasting one hour for each time.The transfer rate of alkaloids was 83.75 %under the above condition.The transfer rate of alkaloids was about 80 %when the concentration of sample solution(pH value being 8 and centrifugation) was 0.1 g/mL,and the transfer rate of alkaloids in eluent was 75.14 %.Conclusion The optimum technology is stable and feasible,and the purification effect of alkaloids from Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis by AB-8 macroporus resin is good.

Objective To evaluate the effect of a new type of fixation tape for tracheal catheter in intensive care patients.Methods A purposive sampling study was conducted. Ninety patients experienced oral tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation, and admitted to respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from November 2015 to February 2017 were enrolled. All the patients were randomly (random number) divided into the control group and the observation group with 45 patients in each group. The patients in control group was treated with the traditional medical adhesive tape and fixation belt to fix endotracheal tube, while the patients in observation group was treated with a new type of tracheal catheter fixation tape. The fixation effect, skin complication rate, patient's comfort level, nursing workload and satisfaction were evaluated in both groups.Results There were 6 patients with mild displacement, 2 patients with moderate displacement and 1 patient with severe displacement in the control group, while there was no catheter displacement or detachment occurred in the observation group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 2.944,P = 0.003). In the control group, there were 39 patients with facial skin redness,6 patients with facial skin damage, 36 patients with neck skin redness, and 2 patients with neck skin damage. In the observation group, there were no facial skin complications and only 2 patients with neck skin redness, and the skin complication rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (facial skin:Z = 9.173,P = 0.000; neck skin:Z = 7.549,P = 0.000). Compared with the control group, the patients' comfort levels were significantly elevated in the observation group (the intolerance patients: 9 vs. 24, the extreme discomfort patients: 4 vs. 8,Z = 3.695,P = 0.000). The total changing times of the fixation belt and operating time for each change in the observation group were significantly decreased as compared with those of control group [changing times of the fixation belt (times): 1.89±0.77 vs. 3.86±1.18, operating time for each change (minutes): 10.31±1.47 vs. 15.78±1.89, bothP < 0.01]. Nursing satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (100% vs. 33.3%,P < 0.01).Conclusions The new fixation tape for tracheal catheter could significantly reduce the catheter displacement and detachment rate, and decreasethe incidence of facial skin injury. It is easy to learn and worth to generalize clinically.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of preserving the ascending uterine artery in laparoscopic hysterectomy with traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods 112 patients with various kinds of uterine benign lesions performed by hysterectomy were randomly divided into the preserving the ascending uterine artery in laparoscopic hysterectomy group(observation group,n =60) and traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy group (control group,n =52),The operation time,the intra operative blood loss,the postoperative complications rate and the perimenopausal symptoms in two groups were compared as well as the levels of blood calcium and the levels of hormone before operation,the first month,the sixth month,the first year,and the third year after operation.Results The opreration time [(95.5 ± 22.8) win] and intraoperative blood soss [(81.3 ± 11.6) ml] of the observation group was more than those of the control group [(68.8 ± 7.2) ml] (t =3.772,4.418,all P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative abnormal uniation and defection (1.7％) and fever incidence (1.7％) of the observation group was lower than those of the control group (11.5 ％,13.5 ％) (x2 =4.623,5.843,all P ＜ 0.05).The estradiol level of the observation group began to fall in 6 months postoperative,and had significant differences compare with those of the control group 6 months,1 year,3 years after operation [(328.4 ± 13.4) pmol/L vs (304.8 ± 15.2) pmol/L,(311.3 ± 12.9) pmol/L vs (248.5 ±13.6)pmol/L,(258.3 ± 11.4)pmol/L vs (138.7 ± 12.7)pmol/L] (t =8.758,25.121,52.688,all P ＜0.05).There was significant difference in the level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) between the two groups 1,3 years after operation(t =-90.540,-123.229,-14.757,-19.845,all P ＜ 0.01).There was significant difference in the level of calcium between the two groups 1,3 years after operation(t =3.261,3.050,all P ＜0.05).The perimenopausal symptoms of the observation group was less than those of the control group(x2 =6.142,3.471,4.976,6.646,4.633,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic hysterectomy of preserving the ascending uterine artery is safe and reliable;the recently ovarian function of the patients with hysterectomy is to maximize the preservation in the treatment,the women's quality of life will be to improved.

OBJECTlVE To study the anti-HBV activity of prepared recombinant human serum aIbu-min-interferon α-2b fusion protein(HSA-IFNα-2b) in vitro. METHODS HepG2 ceIIs were infected with recombinant adenovirus with green fIuorescence protein and 1.6-foId HBV DNA(AdGFP-HBV). The ex-pression of HBV antigens,HBsAg and HBeAg in cuIture medium was detected by ELISA assay. The tox-icity of HSA-IFNα-2b on HepG2 ceIIs was evaIuated by mTT assay.The reIative expression of HBV RNA in ceIIs and the absoIute quantity of HBV DNA in cuIture supernatant were determined by quantitative PCR assay. The activity of HBV enhancer Ⅰ was detected by DuaI-Reporter gene assay. RESULTS HBV couId repIicate and express in HepG2 ceIIs after infection with AdGFP-HBV. The expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in cuIture serum of HepG2 ceIIs infected with AdGFP-HBV decreased by 51.32%(P﹤0.01)and 50.26%(P﹤0.01),respectiveIy,when HSA-IFNα-2b 500 kU·L-1 was added. The same concentration of HSA-IFNα-2b didn't inhibit the proIiferation of HepG2 ceIIs,but inhibited HBsAg in a concentration-dependent manner. The regression formuIa between HBsAg inhibitory rate(Y)and con-centration of HSA-IFNα-2b(X)was Y=21.11 IgX+11.91(r 2 = 0.954),IC50 = 63.76 kU·L-1 . HBV RNA in ceIIs and HBV DNA in the cuIture serum decreased by 52.83%(P﹤0.01)and 53.07%(P﹤0.01), respectiveIy,when HSA-IFNα-2b 500 kU·L-1 was added. The activity of enhancer Ⅰ decreased by 40.04%(P﹤0.01)when HSA-IFNα-2b 500 kU·L-1 was added. CONCLUSlON The ceII modeI of HBV repIication for evaIuating anti-HBV agents is successfuIIy estabIished. HSA-IFNα-2b exhibits noticeabIe anti-HBV effect invitro.

Objective:To analyze the status and influencing factors of awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR) knowledge in diabetics in Funing County, Jiangsu Province.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. In 2021, a total of 2 125 residents with diabetes in Funing County, Jiangsu Province were recruited using cluster random sampling methods. General examinations were performed and ophthalmological evaluation were conducted including visual acuity in daily life, slit lamp microscope with preset lens, digital non-mydriatic fundus photography. Clinical assessment and classification of DR were according to the international standard clinical classifications of diabetic retinopathy in 2019. DR was classified into no obvious DR, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Field questionnaire surveys were conducted to show the awareness rate of DR knowledge. Then Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate influencing factors.Results:Among 2 125 subjects, 762 (35.86%, 762/2 125) residents were male and 1 363 (64.14%, 1 363/2 125) residents were female. A total of 444 (20.89%, 444/2 125) subjects were diagnosed as DR. Among which, 438 (20.61%, 438/2 125) subjects were NPDR, 6 (0.28%, 6/2 125) subjects were PDR. A total of 419 (19.72%, 419/2 125) subjects were diagnosed as cataract. The topic awareness rates were all below 45.00%. The overall population awareness rate was 19.45% (4 959/25 500). Awareness rate was correlated with age, visual acuity in daily life, education level, family history of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy grades and the type of treatment for diabetes ( P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the knowledge rate of prevention and treatment of DR Decreased significantly in patients aged 60-79 compared with those aged under 50 ( P<0.05). Compared with those with visual acuity <0.1 in daily life, the knowledge rate of DR prevention and treatment in those with visual acuity ≥0.1 was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). While primary school to college education, with family history of diabetes, with DR, oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin treatment were associated with higher awareness rate ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The DR knowledge level is low among diabetics in Funing County, Jiangsu Province in 2021. Age, visual acuity in daily life, education level, family history of diabetes, with DR and receiving drug treatments are main influencing factors for diabetic’s awareness.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of neural development-related genes LIS1and TSNAX with bipolar disorder in a Chinese Han population.

METHODSThree hundred and eight five patients (including 188 males and 197 females) from Guangzhou Brain Hospital with bipolar disorder meeting the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Bipolar Disorder (BDI) (Fourth Edition) criteria and 475 healthy controls from the local community were recruited. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LIS1 and TSNAX genes were genotyped by GoldenGate genotyping assay on an Illumina Beadstation 500 machine. Association analyses of SNPs and haplotypes were performed with Plink 1.07 software.

RESULTSAnalysis of the total sample has failed to find any association of SNP or haplotype of the two genes with BDI (P> 0.05). When patients were divided into subgroups with or without psychotic symptom, no significant association of the two genes was found with psychotic BDI or non-psychotic BDI (P> 0.05). No significant association was found between any SNP and haplotype of two genes and female BDI or male BDI, nor were significant association found between age of onset and LIS1 and TSNAX gene polymorphisms.

CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that LIS1 and TSNAX genes are not associated with susceptibility to bipolar I disorder in Chinese Han population.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Bipolar Disorder ; ethnology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult

The number of investigator initiated research (IIR) is increasing. But the recognition and management of IIR in China is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of specific and operable guidance for the implementation process. Based on our practical experiences, previous literature reports, and current policy regulations, the authors took prospective IIR as an example to summarize the implementation process of IIR into 14 steps, which are as the following: study initiation, ethical review, study registration, study filing, case report form design, database establishment, standard operating procedure making, investigator training, informed consent, data collection, data entry, data verification, data locking and data archiving.