Objective To investigate the status and characteristics of physical activity of pregnant women during second pregnancy trimesters in Chengdu,and to provide the scientific evidence for developing rational movement of pregnant women.Methods 650 cases were recruited into this survey during August 2012 to March 2013,by convenience sampling method.A questionnaire survey was used to collect their physical activity information,advanced motion in pregnancy intentions,main physical activity ways and times during pregnancy,frequency and duration of physical activity.SPSS21.0 statistical software was conducted.Results Effective response rate was 95％(619/650).95.2％ (589/619)of them hold that physical activity during second trimesters was support and the main way for them to exercise was walk.The most of pregnant during second trimesters was engaged in low-density activity.There had significant difference between low-density and other density exercises,P＜0.01.Conclusion The physical activity forms of pregnant women in Chengdu is single and lack of knowledge.It is necessary to strengthen the health guidance for pregnant women and correct the bad habits of physical activity to ensure the safe of pregnant women and their children.

Objective The study implemented the co-word approach to analyze Chinese literatures on feeding behavior published over the recent fifteen years, aiming to explore the research status and progress of the field and provide a foundation for further studies. Methods Literatures on the Chinese National Knowledge Integrated Database were searched using feeding behavior as theme and limiting published time fromJanuary 1,2001toJanuary 18,2017.those fitting in the criteria were included into the study. Keywords statistics and analysis were conducted by using Excel, and a co-occurrence analysis diagram was drawn by using Ucinet 6.237 and Netdraw to visualize the co-occurrence between frequently occurred keywords. Results A total of 467 literatures were included and 28 frequently occurred keywords were extracted for co-word analysis, revealing the correlations between the keywords. The results showed that the studies on feeding behavior in China had focused on infant, nutritional status, breastfeeding, complementary feeding and so on. The feeding difficulty, eating behavior, feeding behaviors for sick children had remained to be studied. Conclusion Domestic research on the current feeding behavior of caregivers is not yet comprehensive .There is an urgent need for a major parental feeding behavior scale for infants and young children, which is the main tool for assessing the feeding behavior of infants and young children. It provides scientific basis for feeding behavior problems and intervention.

Objective To understand the correlation between operating room nurses′cognition of patient safety culture and hospitals responsibility,so as to provide basis to establish patient safety measures. Methods A total of 98 operating room nurses participating the meeting were investigated by convenience sampling method with Nurse′s Organizational Climate Scale and Patient Safety Culture Assessment Scale. Results The mean score of nurses′ cognition of patient safety culture was 3.58 ± 0.30,which showed a high level. The mean score of operating room nurses′perception of psychological contract was 2.17 ± 0.58,which was below the middle level. There was a negative correlation between nurses′cognition of patient safety culture and psychological contract (P<0.05). Conclusions Hospitals responsibility need to improve urgently. Nursing administrators should improve resource guarantee, management support and team behavior,in order to promote positive nurses′consciousness and behavior of patient safety and ensure the safety of patients .

Objective To investigate the status and demands of prenatal education among pregnant women,and to provide reference for better prenatal education. Methods A total of 750 pregnant women were recruited from 20 hospitals in Chengdu and were investigated with a serf-designed questionnaire. Results 74.42% of the pregnant women had participated the prenatal education,25.58% of them didn't take even one prenatal class. The most preferred knowledge was newborn care. They most preferred to take prenatal classes at weekends in small group. The women's educational level,family income, delivery experience and times of prenatal check-up were the key factors to affect the participation in the prenatal educa-tion. Conclusions It is suggested to innovate the contents and means of prenatal education in order to attract the pregnant women to participate prenatal education actively.

Through interviews with 30 pregnant nurses, this paper found that pregnant nurses needed humanistic care in four aspects of worrying about their own health and their fetus' health, psychological pressure, career planning and interpersonal relationships. And this paper put forward humanistic care countermeasures, including that nursing administrators should remind pregnancy nurses to pay attention to the health of themselves and their fetal, and pay attention to the psychological health of the pregnancy nurses, increasing the humanistic care to the pregnancy nurses can reduce the turnover rate of nurses, and family and society should provide humanistic care support for pregnant nurses.

Objective To analyse the status quo,hotspots and trends of researches on feeding intolerance in preterm infants from 2012 to 2016 in China by co-word analysis,in order to propose directions for future researches.Methods Related studies pub lished from November 2012 to November 2016 were obtained through searching in databases,including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP andCBM,with the keywords "preterm infant","low birth weight infant" and "feeding intolerance".Studies were selected in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The co-occurrence matrix of high frequency keywords was established via Microsoft Office Excel2007,and the visual network was drawn by Ucinet6.0 and Netdraw.Results A total of 536 studies were included,and 35 high-frequency keywords were extracted.The subjects of these studies mainly were very low birth weight infants,and there were few researches on extremely low birth weight infants.The reasons and treatments for feeding intolerance,clinical efficacy,clinical manifestations,growth and development,enteral/parenteral nutrition and necrotizing enterocolitis were the focus of attention of clinicians.Conclusion There have been in-depth researches on clinical features,diagnosis standard,prevention and treatment measurement of feeding intolerance in China,further researches are needed to investigate the etiology,exact pathogenesis and biological indicators.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment strategies of cryptococcus neoformans infection in children, and to explore the application value of PCR and high-throughput gene analysis in the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcus neoformans infection.Methods:The clinical data of children with cryptococcus neoformans infection were retrospectively analyzed, who were hospitalized in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from July 1998 to December 2018, including epidemiological characteristics (age, gender, underlying disease, and contact history, etc.), clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging studies, pathogen detection methods, and treatment and prognosis.Results:A total of ten children were enrolled in the survey, including five males and five females, and the median age was 6.28(4.08, 12.02) years; four cases had a history of poultry/soil/corrosion exposure; seven cases were diagnosed as cryptococcus neoformans meningitis, three cases were diagnosed as disseminated cryptococcal disease; five cases had underlying disease, including two cases of which were found to have primary immunodeficiency through high-throughput genetic analysis; headache with fever was the most common clinical symptom of cryptococcus neoformans meningitis.All three cases of disseminated cryptococcosis had primary or secondary immunodeficiency.All children were treated with 5-fluorocytosine + amphotericin B/amphotericin B liposome in induction therapy, and fluconazole in consolidation therapy.Notably, two cases showed hypokalemia during induction therapy, and one case showed mild renal dysfunction during consolidation treatment; five cases were cured, three cases were abandoned, one case was relapsed, and one case died.Conclusion:Children with cryptococcosis neoformans infection who are considered to have normal immune function may have primary immunodeficiency caused by gene mutation.PCR can improve the detection rate of cryptococcus neoformans and shorten the detection time.A significant increase in eosinophils may indicate the spread of infection.Hydration and regular potassium supplementation may reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B. Control of intracranial hypertension is the key to improve the success rate of treatment.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of influenza A virus infection in children, and provide evidence for early identification of severe patients.Methods:A total of 114 patients with influenza like symptoms admitted to Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from October 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled in our study.All the patients were confirmed influenza A infection by Xpert-Xpress influenza/respiratory syncytial virus detection platform.The patients were divided into mild influenza A group (47 cases) and severe influenza A group (67 cases with pneumonia). The clinical data of these patients were analyzed and compared.Results:The male to female ratio of 114 cases was 1.28∶1.The age of included patients ranged from 1 month 12 days to 12 years old, and the median age was 3.00 (4.27) years old.The most common clinical manifestations were fever, cough and wheezing, accounting for 79.82%, 68.42%, and 43.00%, respectively.The rate of mixed infection was 24.56%, and adenovirus(5.26%), respiratory syncytial virus(4.39%) as well as mycoplasma(3.51%) accounted for the top three, and the rate of mixed bacterial infection was 12.28%.The median age of the patients in the severe influenza A group was 1.00 (3.58) years, and that in the mild influenza A group was 4.00 (5.00) years, with statistical difference ( Z=-3.81, P<0.001). The mixed infection rate was 38.80% (26/67) in severe influenza A group and 4.26% (2/47) in mild influenza A group, with statistical difference ( χ2= 17.8, P<0.001). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood was 2.64 (3.37) in severe influenza A group and 1.17 (2.02) in mild influenza A group, with statistical difference ( χ2=-2.46, P=0.01). Conclusion:Children with smaller age, mixed infection and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio are easy to develop into severe cases.The detection system of Xpert-Xpress influenza / respiratory syncytial virus is a simple, rapid and accurate method for influenza detection, which provides a good basis for diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the application value of FilmArray detection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection and conduct economics analysis.Methods:From December 1, 2016 to November 30, 2017, 1 380 patients were enrolled in our study.Some children(FilmArray group) were tested for respiratory pathogens with FilmArray, while others (control group) were tested by 7-box antigen test of respiratory virus, gold colloid test of influenza and mycoplasma antibody.Those with underlying diseases were excluded.A total of 160 cases in the FilmArray group and 160 cases in the control group were obtained with tendency score matching method.The physical examination of pathogens, clinical indicators, usage of anti-infective drugs and hospitalization related costs were compared.Results:The positive rate of FilmArray test was significantly higher than that in control group (86.88% vs. 45.91%). The most common pathogens detected by FilmArray were adenovirus(39 cases), rhinovirus(34 cases), and parainfluenza virus(30 cases). In the FilmArray group, nine cases were positive for botulinum pertussis, accounting for 5.6% of the total.The hospitalization time of FilmArray group was shorter than that in control group [(8.89±6.23 days vs.(11.51±14.43)days]. In FilmArray group, the antibiotics were used for a shorter time, and 18 children did not use antibiotics during hospitalization.Compared with the control group, the hospitalization cost had no significant difference in the FilmArray group, but the antibiotic cost was less, as well as hospitalization time was shorter.The average hospitalization cost saved by using the FilmArray test was nearly 2 000 yuan per person. Conclusion:The application of FilmArray detection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection can quickly and accurately identify a various infections of virus, bacteria and atypical pathogen, which guides using anti-infective drugs more reasonably.The application of FilmArray detection shortens the average hospitalization days of children, increases the utilization efficiency of medical resources, and reduces the medical cost and indirect economic loss of children’s families, which has certain economics significance.

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was conducted among women registered at the Department of Obstetrics of West China Second University Hospital between March, 2016 and May, 2018. The women were divided into case group (GDM) and control group (Non- GDM) according to the diagnosis of GDM based on the International Association of Diabetes Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. The data including age, education level, ethnicity and other socio-demographic data, as well as the gestational week, parity, polycystic ovary syndrome, family history of diabetes, fat mass, total body water, minerals and other clinical characteristics were collected. Univariate Logistic regression analysis was performed and the variables with statistical difference and clinical significance were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors of GDM. RESULTS: A total of 3608 pregnant women were included in the study. Univariate logistic analysis revealed that age, previous GDM, intracellular/extracellular water, fat mass, arm circumference, skeletal muscle mass were risk factors for GDM. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age, previous GDM, family history of DM, and an arm circumference ≥28.5 cm were independent risk factors for GDM after controlling pre-pregnancy BMI. The risk of GDM in pregnant women aged 30-35 years and 36 years or older was 1.883 ( < 0.001) and 2.883 ( < 0.001) times of that in women aged 20-29 years, respectively. Women with a history of GDM had a 6.604 ( < 0.001) greater risk of developing GDM than women without a history of GDM. Compared with those without a family history of diabetes, those with a family history of diabetes were 2.518 times more likely to develop GDM ( < 0.001). Compared with those with an arm circumference no greater than 25.5 cm, pregnant women with an arm circumference over 28.5 cm had an increased risk of GDM by 2.815 times ( < 0.001). High fat free mass was a protective factor for GDM, and compared with a fat free mass below 35.1 kg, a fat free mass over 40.1 kg was associated with a lowered risk of GDM by 0.515 times ( < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The onset of GDM was affected by multiple factors. Age, history of GDM, family history of diabetes, and a large arm circumference are all independent risk factors of GDM and should be controlled to reduce the incidence of GDM.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult