To evaluate the appearance rate of typhoid granuloma, a clinical and histological study was made on bone marrow smears or biopsies of 60 patients with proven typhoid fever. The results were as follws: 1) Sixty cases consisted of 34 cases of bacteriologically proved group, 10 cases of serologically proved group, and 16 cases of clinically suspected group. The positive culture rate from bone marrow fluid was the highest (70.6%) among specimens although it was obtained 1.6 days in average after the administration of antibiotics. 2) Fourth-eight cases by bone marrow smear revealed the M:E ratio of 3.93:1 in average, mild myeloid hyperplasia and 50.5% of appearance rate of typhoid cells. 3) Fourth-nine cases of bone marrow biopsy revealed 8 cases of typhoid granuloma, all of which belonged to the bacteriologically proved group. All these have no pathognomonic morphologic features. 4) Fourty cases of bone marrow examination of patients with FUO except typhoid fever revealed no typhoid cells in smear and 3 cases of granulomatous lesion from two patients with miliary tuberculosis and one patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Biopsy

To elucidate the histologic pattern of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Korea, liver biopsies from 173 chronic alcoholics with clinical liver diseases were classified according to the pathologic parameters. One hundred and seventeen cases, the sum of 91 of 116 serum HBsAg negative and 26 of 57 HBsAg positive patients, had the histologic evidence of ALD. Fatty change(23.9%), alcoholic fibrosis (AF)(23.1%) and cirrhosis (23.1%), comprised the three major ALDs, and only 8.5% of cases fit the criteria of alcoholic hepatitis. Chronic sclerosing hyaline disease (CSHD), chronic active alcoholic hepatitis (CAAH) and AF, where non-cirrhotic fibrosis is the predominant change, comprised 44.5% of ALD. Both features of ALD and HBV liver disease (HBV-LD) were found in 17 cases that included 8 AF and 7 cirrhosis. These 17 patients tended to consume less alcohol than patients with other types of pure ALD except alcoholic heaptitis. Patients with the serum HBsAg positive ALD (37.4years) were about 8 years younger than those with the serum HBsAg negative ALD (45.1years). More or less fatty change and foamy degeneration were seen in 77.4% and 31.6% of ALD respectively. Mallory bodies, megamitochondria, iron deposition and perihepatocellular fibrosis were found in 20.5%, 29.9%, 42.7% and 77.8%, respectively. These findings indicate that non-cirrhotic chronic ALD such as CSHD, CAAH and AF are the important histologic patterns of ALD in Korea, and that chronic alcohol consumption and HBV may act synergistically in developing liver disease.
Biopsy

To elucidate the biologic significause of hepatocyte B core antigen (HBcAg) expression and its relation to the natural course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we tried to correlate the patterns of HBcAg with the HBV replication state and with disease activity in 40 needle biopsies performed on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers aged from 15 to 46 years. In 32 of 40 cases, HBcAg was present in the hepatocyte nucleus (nHBcAg), in the cytoplams (cHBcAg) or in both (mixed). Pure nHBcAg was seen only in minimal hepatitis, but a diffuse pattern of expression of cytoplasmic HBcAg and mixed cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of HBcAg were seen in active hepatitis. There was also a good correlation between liver HBcAg and serum HBeAg. Cases in which HBcAg expression were observed were positive for serum HBeAg (81%) and the cases negative for HBcAg were all positive for serum anti-HBe.
Biopsy

Laryngeal leukoplakia is seen in a number of pathologic settings such as keratosis without atypia(KWOA), keratosis with atypia(KWA), squamous cell carcinoma in situ(CIS) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and it continues to be a confusing and controversial topic for both otolaryngologist and pathologist. This is largely due to the use of ambiguous and inconsistent terminology, the lack of unanimous agreement on the definition of these terms, failure of the clinician to obtain a representative biopsy, and the subjectivity of the pathologist interpreting the biopsy. To evaluate the applicability of the expression pattern of p53 and PCNA in borderline cases of histopathologic classification, we performed a histopathologic analysis of leukoplakia to includ clinical follow-up, correlation of disease progression and degree of atypia, and expression of p53 and PCNA according to the degree of atypia. Histologically, laryngeal leukoplakia included seven cases of KWOA, fourteen cases of KWA (mild-2, moderate-8, severe-4), three cases of CIS, and one case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Keratosis with atypia, a moderate degree or more, showed a strong tendency to progress to invasive carcinoma(p<0.05). The degree of p53 and PCNA expression correlated with the degree of atypia(p<0.05). p53-positive cases at the initial biopsy clearly tended to recur and develop into invasive carcinoma(p<0.01).
Biopsy

No abstract available.
Biopsy*

Behcet's disease is chronic and systemic inflammatory vasculitis, characterized by immunologically involving in variable size of arteries and veins. Clinically, principal manifestations are recurrent oral ulcer, genital ulcer, skin and eye lesions. Compared to other connective tissue disease, cancer is not accompanied commonly in Behcet's disease. But, immunological confusion such as T cell depletion or B cell hyperplasia, or long-term of immunosuppressive treatment lead to occurrence of malignancy. Recently, we experienced a case of maxillary mass, induced to abrupt headache in Behcet's disease, confirmed diffuse large B cell lymphoma by biopsy, and treated by rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy. Thus we report these with literature review.
Biopsy

No abstract available.
Biopsy*

Immotile cilia syndrome is a genetically determined disorder characterized by immotility or poor motility of the cilia in the airways and elsewhere. Since its first description in 1976 determination of a ciliary abnormality has now clarified its variable expression and pleiotropism. Certain specific defects in the ciliary axoneme can be found and are pathognmoic of the syndrome. These defects include missing dynein arms, abnormally short dynein, arms, spokes with no central sheath, missing central microtubules, and displacement of one of the nine peripheral doublets. We have studied 80 cases of bronchial or nasal mucosal biopsies that were performed with the suspicion of immotile cilia syndrome. Of 80 cases only 17 cases were sampled optimally to be able to observe under transmission and scanning electron microscopes. All 17 cases had certain abnormality of the cilia. They consisted of Ia(3 cases), Ib(3 cases), Id only(3 cases) and Id+other types(6 cases) a according to Sturgess classification. Seven cases consisted of 1 solitary and 6 combined form; II+Id(1 case) and II+Id+III(5 case). All 5 cases of type III were combined with Id and II. Clinically most pronounced manifestations were cough(82%), sputum(59%), rhinorrhea(41%) and nasal stuffiness(35%), All the patients were below the age of 15 years, and there were 6 boys and 11 girls.
Biopsy

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is considered the most important cause of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer. To determine the prevalence, distribution and it's relationship to degree of inflammation, gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 331 nonulcer dyspepsia(NUD) patients consisting of 52 H. pylori negative normal volunteers and 279 H. pylori infected patients. Lymphoid follicles, degree of acute and chronic inflammation(Grade 0 to 3), and degree of H. pylori(Grade 0 to 4) were observed. The prevalence of H. pylori in NUD was 84.29%. The lymphoid follicles were found in 138 patients(41.7%) and only 5 patients(l.5%) without H. pylori showed lymphoid follicles. There was strong a relationship between lymphoid follicles and degree of acute and chronic inflammation and intensity of H. pylori infection(P<0.001). Acute and chronic inflammation were more serious in the antrum than body in H. pylori infected patients. There was no relationship between lymphoid follicles and the site in the stomach of H. pylori infection(P<0.078), but the body portion had an increased frequency of lymphoid follicles compared to the in antrum. Our results indicate that the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Korea is higher than in Western people and the degree of acute and chronic inflammation are strongly correlated with the presence of lymphoid follicles. The lymphoid follicles are believed to be absent from the normal stomach and their presence is strongly associated with H. pylori infection. The fact there is an that increased frequency of lymphoid follicles in H. pylori infected patients, and that they are more prevalent in the body of the antrum, support the concept that H. pylori may be a precursor in the development of primary gastric lymphoma.
Biopsy

BACKGROUND: Several bone grafting materials have been used in sinus augmentation procedures. Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate(MBCP(TM)) consists of the mixture of 60% HA and 40% beta-TCP. Therefore, it can provide good scaffold for the new bone to grow owing to HA, in the other hand, it can have bioactivity for bone remodeling owing to beta-TCP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation following maxillary sinus augmentation using MBCP(TM) by means of histologic analysis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: MBCP(TM) was placed as a primary bone substitute for maxillary sinus augmentation. Three patients were selected after evalaution of their medical dental examination. MBCP(TM) only, MBCP(TM) combined with Irradicated cancellous bone and MBCP(TM) combined with autogenous bone were used for each patient. After about eight months, bone biopsies were harvested for histologic evaluation and fixtures installed. RESULTS: Eight months after surgery we observed new vital bone surrounding MBCP(TM) particle and the amount of new bone was about 30% even though there were discrepancies between specimens. This case report documents that MBCP(TM) when used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation whether combined other bone graft material or not, may lead to the predictable results for dental implants on posterior maxillary area with insufficient vertical height for fixture installation.
Biopsy