The biological energy is special energy, necessary to living process. The biological energy generated from foods such as carbonhydrate, lipit and protein when the big proteins degenarate, the compounds with high energy generated. During exercise, especially attempt, the energy supply by anaerobic degeneration leads to accumulate lactate in muscle cells excreting into blood. The determination of blood lactate is very important more and more in the doing exercies. The average lactate level in vein is 9-16 mg/l or 1.0-1.78 mmol/l, which is a parametter for evaluating the bearing of competitor.
Exercise ; Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Lactic Acid

Anode is an important part of microbial fuel cell, its performance significantly affects the electricity generation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Nanomaterials have excellent properties, such as good conductivity and large surface area. Therefore, nanomaterials modified anode can effectively reduce the electrode resistance, increase the amount of microbial adhesion and improve the electricity generation of MFCs. In this paper, we introduced various nanomaterials modified anodes and summarized their effects on the output performance of MFCs. Finally, the prospect of modifying nanomaterials and technologies were discussed.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Nanostructures

Exoelectrogens are promising for a wide variety of potential applications in the areas of environment and energy, which convert chemical energy from organic matter into electrical energy by extracellular electrons transfer (EET). Microorganisms with different mechanisms and EET efficiencies have been elucidated. However, the practical applications of exoelectrogens are limited by their fundamental features. At present, it is difficult to realize the extensive application of exoelectrogens in complex and diverse environments by means of traditional engineering strategies such as rational design and directed evolution. The exoelectrogens with excellent performance in environments can be screened with efficient strain identification technologies, which promote the widespread applications of exoelectrogens. The aims of this review are to summarize the methods of screening based on different types of exoelectrogens, and to outline future research directions of strain screening.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Electricity ; Electron Transport

Biofuels and bioenergy not only benefit independence of energy supply, but also mitigate CO2 emissions. This special issue includes review reports and research articles involving various biofuels and bioenergy products and systems such as fuel ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen, microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells. Both fundamental research and technology development are highlighted. And in the meantime, challenges for large scale production and application of biofuels and bioenergy are discussed. Taking advantages of modern biotechnology advances, solutions to address these challenges are envisioned.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Biofuels ; Biotechnology ; trends ; Conservation of Energy Resources

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) that can harvest biomass energy from organic wastes through microbial catalysis have garnered more and more attention within the past decade due to its potential benefits to ecological environment. In this article, the updated progress in MFCs is reviewed, with a focus on frontier technologies such as chamber configurations, feedstock varieties and the integration of MFCs with microbial electrolysis cells for hydrogen production. And on the other hand, the challenges like development of cost-effective electrode materials, improvement of biomass energy recovery and power output, design and optimization of commercial MFC devices are presented.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; trends ; Biomass ; Electrodes ; economics ; Hydrogen ; metabolism

As a clean energy source and industrial material, hydrogen is very valuable. Electrolysis of water and chemical methods are well-known for producing hydrogen, however, all of these methods need additional energy supply. Besides highly energy cost, the chemical methods will lead to serious environment pollution. Compared with traditional methods, biological production of hydrogen has showed significant advantages. Bio-hydrogen can be produced by anaerobic and photosynthetic microorganisms during treatment of organic waste. It provides a low cost method for producing hydrogen gas, and a way of utilizing waste at the same time. This paper summarized the procedures of treatment of solid waste and the production of bio-hydrogen.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Biotransformation ; Hydrogen ; metabolism ; Refuse Disposal ; methods

The products concentrations in traditional acetone-butanol (AB) fermentation are too low that large amount of energy has to be consumed in the distillation and product recovery process. Aiming at direct utilization of the fermentation products, in this study, optimization of property-improved biodiesel manufacturing process coupled with AB extractive fermentation was conducted, under the condition of using the biodiesel originated from waste cooking oil as the extractant and high concentrated corn flour medium. The effect of biodiesel/broth volume ratio, waste supernatant recycle ratio, and electronic carrier addition on the major process performance index was carefully investigated. Under the optimized condition, the biodiesel quality was improved with the cetane value increased from 51.4 to 54.4; "actual butanol yield" reached to a level of 18%, and waste supernatant recycle ratio exceeded 50%. In this way, elimination of energy-consuming product recovery process and realization of "energy-saving & waste minimization" industrial production target advocated by the state government, could be potentially expected.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Butanols ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Gasoline ; Zea mays ; metabolism

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a new technology that can recover energy from biomass with simultaneous waste treatment. This technique has been developed fast in recent years in combining with environmental techniques such as wastewater treatment, degradation of toxic pollutants and desalination. With the increase of solid waste, applying MFC in composting is promising due to its property of waste disposal with simultaneous energy generation. In this paper, the microbial community of MFCs during composting was summarized. Four major influencing factors including electrodes, separators, oxygen supplement and configurations on the performance of composting MFCs were discussed. The characteristics of composting MFC as a new technique for reducing solid waste were as follows: high microbial biomass resulted in the high current density; adaptable to different environmental conditions; self-adjustable temperature with high energy efficiency; the transportation of proton from anode to cathode were limited by different solid substrates.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; microbiology ; trends ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Refuse Disposal ; methods

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bioelectrochemical device, that enables simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy generation. However, a few issues such as low output power, high ohmic internal resistance, and long start-up time greatly limit MFCs' applications. MFC anode is the carrier of microbial attachment, and plays a key role in the generation and transmission of electrons. High-quality bioelectrodes have developed into an effective way to improve MFC performance. Conjugated polymers have advantages of low cost, high conductivity, chemical stability and good biocompatibility. The use of conjugated polymers to modify bioelectrodes can achieve a large specific surface area and shorten the charge transfer path, thereby achieving efficient biological electrochemical performance. In addition, bacteria can be coated with nano-scale conjugated polymer and effectively transfer the electrons generated by cells to electrodes. This article reviews the recently reported applications of conjugated polymers in microbial fuel cells, focusing on the MFC anode materials modified by conjugated polymers. This review also systematically analyzes the advantages and limitations of conjugated polymers, and how these composite hybrid bioelectrodes solve practical issues such as low energy output, high inner resistance, and long starting time.
Bacteria ; Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Polymers ; Water Purification

Exoelectrogenic microorganisms are the research basis of microbial electrochemical technologies such as microbial fuel cells, electrolytic cells and electrosynthesis. However, their applications are restricted in organic degradation, power generation, seawater desalination, bioremediation, and biosensors due to the weak ability of biofilm formation and the low extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency between exoelectrogenic microorganisms and electrode. Therefore, engineering optimization of interaction between exoelectrogenic microorganisms and electrode interface recently has been the research focus. In this article, we review the updated progress in strategies for enhancing microbe-electrode interactions based on microbial engineering modifications, with a focus on the applicability and limitations of these strategies. In addition, we also address research prospects of enhancing the interaction between electroactive cells and electrodes.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Biofilms ; Electrodes ; Electron Transport ; Electrons