Objective To discuss the application of cerebrovascular intervention technique in evaluating the correlation between cerebral venous sinus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (ⅡH).Methods The clinical data,including complete related clinical signs and symptoms,laboratory results,magnetic resonance venography (MRV) findings,etc.,of 13 ⅡH patients were retrospectively analyzed.Under local anesthesia whole brain DSA was performed,and superselective catheterization of venous sinus was accomplished to perform sectional pressure measurement of sagittal sinus,transverse sinus,sigmoid sinus and jugular vein.Results Cerebral DSA examination revealed that venous sinus stenosis or occlusion was seen in 10 patients (76.9％),including transverse sinus (n=6),sigmoid sinus (n=3),and transverse sinus together with sigmoid sinus (n=l).Superselective pressure neasurement of venous sinus showed that the pressure difference between the two ends of the narrowed venous sinus was up to 120-580 mmH20 in these 10 patients.In 8 patients (61.5％,8/13) the venous sinus stenosis and/or occlusion might be implicated in the occurrence of ⅡH,in 2 patients (15.4％,2/13) the venous sinus stenosis might be secondary to ⅡH,and in 3 patients (23.1％,3/13) the venous sinus stenosis might bear no relationship to ⅡH.Conclusion Cerebrovascular interventional angiography combined with superselective pressure measurement of venous sinus can clearly identify the relationship between ⅡH and venous sinus

Objective To evaluate the value of three dimensional reconstruction images of rotational DSA on measuring aneurysmal necks and make a comparison with traditional DSA so as to provide more abundant and accurate informations for the enbolization of aneurysm. Methods A comparison was made between the measurement of aneurismal necks from 14 cases with traditional DSA examination and a measurement made on three dimensional reconstruction images of the same patient. Results There was a difference shown in the measurment of the aneurysmal necks between three dimensional reconstruction images of rotational DSA and those of traditional DSA, outcoming with more angles and data on three dimensional reconstruction images. Conclusions There are more angles of aneurysmal neck can be shown on rotational 3D DSA especially for the demonstration of the largest aneurysmal neck with a directional value for the intervention. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 259-260)

Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-free three dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF-MRA) with VR at 3.0 T in the detection of intracranial aneurysms in a large cohort of patients prospectively.Methods Four hundred and eleven patients with suspected aneurysms and other cerebral vascular diseases received contrast-free 3D-TOF-MRA examinations at 3.0 T MRA 2 weeks prior to DSA examination.2D-DSA and VR-DSA were regarded as the gold standard.Six patients were excluded because of motion artifacts,and 36 patients were excluded due to lack of VR-DSA data.Accuracy,sensitivity an specificity in detecting intracranial aneurysms were determined by patient-,aneurysm-,and aneurysm sizebased (＜ 3 mm,3-5 mm,＞ 5-10 mm,＞ 10 mm) evaluations.Results In 369 enrolled patients,VR-DSA revealed 306 aneurysms in 246 patients (66.7％) and no aneurysm in 123 patients; VR 3D-TOF-MRA revealed 311 aneurysms in 249 patients and no aneurysm in 120 patients.The patient-based evaluation of VR 3 D-TOF-MRA at 3.0T yielded accuracy of 97.6％ (360/369),sensitivity of 99.2％ (242/244),and specificity of 94.4％ (118/125) in the detection of intracranial aneurysms.The aneurysm-based evaluation yielded accuracy of 98.3％ (524/533),sensitivity of 99.3％ (304/306),and specificity of 96.1％(220/229).The evaluation based on aneurysm sizes (＜ 3 mm) yielded accuracy of 96.4％ (214/222),sensitivity of 98.2％ (112/114),and specificity of 94.4％ (102/108).Conclusion VR 3D-TOF-MRA at 3.0 T MR can detect intracranial aneurysms accurately and may replace DSA as a contrast-free,noninvasive and non-radiation-based modality for the diagnosis and screening of intracranial aneurysms.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and mid-term follow-up results of endovascular treatment with Willis covered stent for traumatic pseudoaneurysms located in the internal carotid artery (ICA).Methods ICA angiogmphy was performed in 38 patients with traumatic brain and neck injury.Of the 38 patients.13 delayed traumatic pseudoaneurysms were found.All the pseudoaneurysms were treated with Willis covered stents.Follow-up angiography was performed at 1,3,6 and 12 months after the procedure,and the results were categorized as complete or incomplete occlusion.Clinical manifestations were graded as full recovery,improvement,unchanged and aggravation.Results Willis covered stent placement was technically successful in all traumatic pseudoaneurysms.No procedure-related complications occurred.The initial angiographic results showed a complete occlusion in 9 patients,and an incomplete occlusion in 4.The angiographic follow-up within 3-12 months exhibited a complete occlusion in 12 patients and the parent arteries remained patency in all patients.The clinical follow-up observation demonstrated that full recovery wag obtained in 11 patients,clinical improvement in one,and unchanged condition in one.No morbidity or mortality occurred.Conclusion Willis covered stent implantation iS a feasible and practical treatment for traumatic pseudoaneurysms located in the ICA.This technique can well preserve the parent artery with excellent therapeutic results.

Objective To evaluate the mid- and long-term radiological outcomes of cerebral aneurysms with GDCs embolization.Methods One hundred and sixty-two patients with 173 aneurysms embolized with GDCs underwent angiographic follow-up from 1 to 54 months post-operatively and were retrospectively reviewed. Three neuro-radiologists reviewed each angiogram and made a comparison between initial and follow-up angiograms. Morphological outcomes were evaluated as follows: unchanged; progressive thrombosis; and re-opening or re-growth. Results Of 173 aneurysms with GDC embolization, 142 aneutysms had total or nearly total occlusion, 23 subtotal occlusion and 8 partial occlusion shown on initial angiograms. The incidence of re-opening was 17.1% (13/76) in less than 3 months, and 6.2% (6/97) between 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Four aneurysms showed recurrency(2.3%) on second follow-up angiography in one year after procedure and one-year cumulative recurrent rate was 13.3% of 56 aneurysms with the third follow-up angiography in the post-operation period of 12 to 54 months, four showed a little enlargement and the cmnulative recurrent rate so far was 20.2% (35/173). Conclusions The direct and main causes for aneurysmal recurrence are incomplete and loosening packing. The first angiographic follow-up is recommended to be performed at 3 months or earlier after the procedure, especially in aneurysms with initial incomplete occlusion. Re-treatment with balloon- or stent-assisted coil embolization is recommended in re-opening aneurysms. (J Intervent Radiol,2005,14:472-479)

Objective To present our single-center experience in treating traumatic direct carotidcavemous fistulas (TDCCFs)by using detachable balloon,coil and Willis covered stent via arterial route.Methods During the last five years,transarterial endovascular treatment by using detachable balloon,coil and Willis covered stent was performed in fifty-one consecutive patients of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas.with a total of 54 TDCCFs.The detachable balloon was the material of first choice,while Willis covered stents and coils were regarded as the back-up materials.A clinical and angiographic follow-up for 348 months (mean 20.8 months) was conducted to evaluate the arterial patency and the stability of embolization.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results By using the detachable balloon alone via transarterial route.85%TDCCFs were successfully treated with good preservation of ICA.A total of 98% TDCCFs in this study were successfully treated by using detachable balloon,coil and/or Willis coveted stent,the fistulas became occluded,and ICAs were preserved except one patient.Forty TDCCFs were treated with detachable balloons alone,two TDCCFs with the Willis covered stent alone,and one DCCF with coils alone.Eight TDCCFs were treated with detachable balloons together with Willis covered stent.Of these eight TDCCFs,two were treated with a single session,three were treated with detachable halloons in combination with coils,and one had to receive Willis covered stent.Second and third times of endovascular treatment were needed in 12 TDCCFs.The TDCCF-rel(at)ed symptoms were gradually relived or improved within 1 day to 6 months after treatment,except for five patients who suffered from ipsilateral moderate visual loss or cranial nerve deficit.No perioperative complications.such as vessel rupture,distal embolization or new neurologic deficits,occurred.During the follow-up period lasting for six months,neither delayed neurologic or vascular complications nor recurrence of the lesions developed.Conclusion Via the transarterial route,using detachable balloon to occlude the fistula and at the same time to preserve ICA remains the optimal treatment for TDCCFs.When the standard treatment fails.various coils and the Willis covered stents can be used as an effective alternative or remedial tool in the treatment of TDCCFs,which can preserve ICA.Willis covered stent deployment seems to be an effective,safe,feasible and economical endovasculal treatment for TDCCF,but more clinical studies are needed before we can further clarify its specifications and indications.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of Willis covered stent implantation and coil embolization in the treatment of cranial internal carotid artery (CICA) aneurysm. Methods Eighty-nine patients with CICA aneurysms were selected for treatment with Willis covered stents (n = 43, group A) or coil embolization (n =46, group B) according to the patients'will. Data on the technical success, initial procedure time and in-hospital interval, initial and final angiographic results, mortality, morbidity, and final clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed for the two groups at 6 months post-procedure. Results Endovascular covered stent placement and coil embolization were technically successful in all patients,except for one patient in group A. The initial angiographic results showed complete occlusion in 34 patients of group A (81%, 95% CI: 69%, 93% ) and 24 patients of group B (52%, 95% CI: 37%, 67% ) ( P ＜0. 05). The final angiographic results indicated complete occlusion in 39 patients of group A (39/41,95%,95% CI: 88%, 102% ) and 22 patients of group B (22/45,49%, 95% CI: 34%, 64% ,P ＜0. 01 ). The average procedure time was(103 ± 13)min in group A and (143 + 39) min in group B (P＜0. 01). No significant differences were seen between the two groups in technique success, mortality, morbidity, or final clinical outcomes. Conclusion In this nonrandomized, prospective trial, CICA aneurysm treatment with covered stents yielded midterm angiographic results that were superior to those of coil embolization.