Objective]To establish a new method for grafting ratio(GR) analysis of deoxycholic acid grafted chitosan(CS-DCA). [Methods]In this study, linear potentiometric titration(LPT) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonicacid(TNBS) were introduced to measure the GR of CS-DCA, using the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR) as reference, the results obtained by the two methods were analyzed to find a method to substitute H-NMR. [Results]There was no significant difference of the data determined by 1H-NMR and LPT(P>0.05), however, it didn't apply to 1H-NMR and TNBS(P<0.05), the results indicated that LPT had equivalent accuracy of 1H-NMR. Using 1H-NMR method as the standard reference, the relative error was no more than 3.8% for the method of LPT, and the maximum relative error for the method of TNBS was up to 12.8%, it meant that LPT had higher precision. [Conclusion]LPT is an economical, rapid and accurate method for the GR analysis of CS-DCA.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of total lignans from pine needles of Cedrus deodara. METH-ODS:Using ethanol volume fraction,ratio of liquid to solid and extraction time as response factor,the content of total lignans as response value,the response surface methodology test was conducted based on Box-Behnken design to optimize the extraction tech-nology of total lignans from pine needles of C. deodara. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follows as ethanol volume fraction of 78%,ratio of liquid to solid 25∶1,extraction time 1.75 h. The content of total lignans from pine needles of C. deodara was 99.2 mg/g,which was close to predicted value 100.49 mg/g,with relative deviation of 0.65%. CONCLUSIONS:Op-timized extraction technology of pine needles of C. deodara by response surface methodology is feasible and stable,and has good predictability.

31 patients with cysticercosis of cerebral ventricles verified by operation or pathological investigation were reported. All patients were between 7 and 64 years of age and 14 were females. All had a single cyst. Since 29 patients (94%) were without a history of intestinal taeniasis, it was proposed that most patients of cysticercosis of cerebral ventricles were caused by hetero-infection and the entrance of Cysticercus into brain ventricle was through choroid plexus along the cerebro-spinal fluid. This is probably the reason why it occurs mostly in the 4th ventricle. The clinical manifestation of cysticercosis of cerebral ventricles were paroxysmal headache and vomiting caused by increased intracranial pressure. Ventricu-lography and CT scanning have considerable diagnostic value. Removal of Cysticercus by surgical operation is successful (Figs. 1 - 8).

Objective To evaluate the predictive performance of hematoma density heterogeneity scale (HDHS) to hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).Methods Sixty-two patients with sICH,received therapy in our hospital form November 2011 to December 2014,were enrolled.HDHS scores were assessed on non-contrast CT (NCCT) image source,and HE progresses were assessed based on the follow up of NCCT at 24 h.Binary Logistic-regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors of HE.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was adopted to identify the predictive performance of HDHS for HE.Results There were 37％ patients (23/62) in the cohort underwent HE.Binary Logistic-regression analysis showed that HDHS scores were independently associated with HE (OR=2.451,95％ CI:1.345-4.468,P=0.003).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.745 (95％CI:0.625-0.865,P=0.001),the diagnostic critical value was 3,the sensitivity was 87％ and the specificity was 59％.Conclusion HDHS is an efficient tool that independently predict early HE in patients with sICH,and provides reliable evidence for prognosis and treatment.