The influenza A virus (IAV), renowned for its high contagiousness and potential to catalyze global pandemics, poses significant challenges due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Given the critical role of RNA polymerase in IAV replication, it stands out as a promising target for anti-IAV therapies. In this study, we identified a novel C-3-substituted oleanolic acid benzyl amide derivative, A5, as a potent inhibitor of the PA_C-PB1_N polymerase subunit interaction, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.96 ± 0.21 μmol/L. A5 specifically targets the highly conserved PA_C domain and demonstrates remarkable efficacy against both laboratory-adapted and clinically isolated IAV strains, including multidrug-resistant strains, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 0.60 to 1.83 μmol/L. Notably, when combined with oseltamivir, A5 exhibits synergistic effects both in vitro and in vivo. In a murine model, dose-dependent administration of A5 leads to a significant reduction in IAV titers, resulting in a high survival rate among treated mice. Additionally, A5 treatment inhibits virus-induced Toll-like receptor 4 activation, attenuates cytokine responses, and protects against IAV-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. In summary, A5 emerges as a novel inhibitor with high efficiency and broad-spectrum anti-influenza activity.

Hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases (HPBD) are often complicated. The diagnosis and treatment of HPBD involve many disciplines. The malignant degree of hepatobiliary pancreatic system is high, and the prognosis of patients is poor. The multidisciplinary team (MDT) brings specialists from different disciplines together to make a comprehensive and individualized treatment for patients. MDT is emerging in HPBD in recent years. MDT helps improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis. However, there are still some controversies and obstacles in the application of MDT for patients with HPBD. We reviewed the development, current status and experience of MDT in the field of HPBD, analyze the current controversy and obstacles, and providing reference for its future application.

Cardiotoxicity caused by postoperative radiotherapy can increase the risk of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with breast cancer, especially those with left breast cancer, which is proportional to the dose of radiation to the heart. It has been proved that deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique can significantly reduce the cardiac dose in patients with left breast cancer, but the benefits of this technique vary greatly among different patients, and its implementation requires additional equipment, time, manpower and other resources. Hence, it is necessary to select patients who are suitable for this technique in advance. In addition to comprehensive analysis of general factors before simulation positioning that affect DIBH selection, this review also systematically summarized relevant indicators of CT simulation positioning images. These anatomical indicators included the measurement of the cardiac contact distances in parasagittal (CCD ps) plane, the lateral heart-to-chest distance (HCD), the product of maximum heart width (HW max) and the maximum heart depth (HD max) during CT simulation positioning, and the maximum heart distance, heart volume in the irradiation field (HVIF), the difference of lung volume and heart volume between free breathing (FB) and DIBH measured after CT localization. All of them showed some instructive significance for evaluating whether DIBH should be applied in tangent field based radiotherapy planning. The automatic planning (rapid plan) function in the treatment planning system could quickly predict the benefit of DIBH for breast cancer patients. The purpose of this article is to help clinicians select patients who are suitable for DIBH technique, guaranteeing that DIBH technique resources can be used reasonably.

Objective:To study the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy in the treatment of stage Ⅲ gallbladder cancer.Methods:The clinical characteristics and postoperative follow-up data of 184 patients (male 66, and female 118) who underwent radical cholecystectomy for stage Ⅲ gallbladder cancer at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from May 2015 to May 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The age was (67.0±8.6) years old (range 38 to 85 years old). There were 71 patients in the laparoscopic group and 113 in the open group. The general medical data, surgery-related indicators and complications were analyzed. Follow-up was completed by outpatient visits and by telephone.Results:The laparoscopic group showed better postoperative alanine aminotransferase [67.5 (40.0, 138.5) vs. 104.0 (45.0, 252.2) U/L] and aspartate aminotransferase [41.5 (26.0, 71.2) vs. 53.0 (30.2, 153.5) U/L] recovery, higher albumin levels [32.05 (30.18, 35.20) vs. 30.50 (27.70, 33.50) g/L], earlier abdominal drainage tube removal [8.00(6.00, 10.25) vs. 10.00(6.00, 13.00)d], shorter hospital stay [10.00(8.00, 15.25) vs. 14.00(9.00, 19.00) d] and lower incidences of complications [(14.1%(10/71) vs. 31.9%(36/113)] when compared with the open group (all P<0.05). The 1 year (49.1% vs 61.0%), 2 years (24.0% vs. 28.5%), 3 years (16.0% vs. 14.5%) overall survival ( P=0.640), and the 3 years progression-free survival (18.3% vs. 15.0%, P=0.463) showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery for AJCC TNM stage Ⅲ gallbladder cancer showed comparable results with open surgery. When compared with open surgery, laparoscopic radical resection of gallbladder cancer had the advantages of earlier removal of abdominal drainage tube, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stay.

Objective:To study the effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on postoperative complications after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by propensity score matching analysis.Methods:Of 1 666 patients with HCC undergoing hepatectomy in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology from March 2015 to March 2021 were retrospectively screened. Of 262 patients were enrolled, including 236 males and 26 females, aged (50.3±11.8) years. Of 131 patients were enrolled in both the single surgery group and the combined group (preoperative TACE + surgical resection). Factors affecting the complications after hepatectomy in patients with HCC were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression method.Results:After matching the propensity score, the incidence of postoperative complications in the single surgery group was 22.1% (29/131), lower than that in the combined group [41.2% (54/131), χ 2=11.02, P<0.001]. The incidence of bile leakage in the single surgery group [2.3% (3/131)] was also lower than that in the combined group [(9.2% (12/131), χ 2=5.73, P=0.017]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the combined group ( OR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.28-4.61, P=0.007) had an increased incidence of postoperative complications, so did patients with a preoperative alpha-fetoprotein > 400 μg/L, anatomic hepatectomy, long operation time, and hilar occlusion. Conclusion:Preoperative TACE could be a risk factor for postoperative complications in patients with HCC, especially for the postoperative biliary leakage.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease and a serious threat to human health. COVID-19 can cause multiple organ dysfunction, such as respiratory and circulatory failure, liver and kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboembolism, and even death. The World Health Organization reports that the mortality rate of severe-type COVID-19 is over 50%. Currently, the number of severe cases worldwide has increased rapidly, but the experience in the treatment of infected patients is still limited. Given the lack of specific antiviral drugs, multi-organ function support treatment is important for patients with COVID-19. To improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality of patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19, this paper summarizes the experience of organ function support in patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19 in Optical Valley Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. This paper systematically summarizes the procedures of functional support therapies for multiple organs and systems, including respiratory, circulatory, renal, hepatic, and hematological systems, among patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19. This paper provides a clinical reference and a new strategy for the optimal treatment of COVID-19 worldwide.
Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Humans ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; therapy ; Respiration

Objective    To evaluate the strategy of chemoradiotherapy following endoscopic R0 resection for esophageal cancer in M3-T1b stage. Methods    There were 45 esophageal cancer patients with M3-T1b stage with endoscopic R0 resection followed by additional chemoradiotherapy from ECETC (Esophageal Cancer Endoscopic Therapy Consortium) as a trial group with 34 males and 11 females at age of 61.37±7.14 years. There were 90 patients with esophagectomy from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center as a control group with 63 males and 27 females at age of 61.04±8.17 years. Propensity score match (1:2) was used to balance the factors: gender, age, position, depth of invasion and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), which may influence the outcomes. Overall survival (OS) rate, relapse free survival (RFS) rate, and local recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Result    There was no statistical difference (HR=2.66 with 95%CI 0.87 to 8.11, P=0.179) in terms of OS rate between the two groups. One, two and three years overall survival rate of patients in the control group was 93%, 86%, and 84%, respectively. Nobody died in the trial group within 3 years after surgery. The RFS rate between the two groups didn’t significantly differ (HR=1.48, 95% CI 0.66 to 3.33, P=0.389). One, two and three years RFS rate of patients in the contorl group was 87%, 78%, and 76%, respectively, while 97%, 93%, and 73% in the trial group, respectively. The local recurrence rates between the two groups didn’t significantly differ either ( HR=0.53，95%CI 0.13 to 2.18, P=0.314). One, two and three years local recurrence rate of patients in the control group was 5%, 6% and 6%, respectively, while 0%, 0% and 21% in the trial group, respectively. Conclusion    Similar outcomes are found regarding OS, RFS and local recurrence rates between the two groups. The strategy of endoscopic R0 resection followed by additional chemoradiotherapy has prospect for the treatment of esophageal cancer in M3-T1b stage. And this kind of therapy may be provided for those with risk factors or can not tolerate surgery.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine for treatment of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related acute-on-chronic (subacute) liver failure (ACLF). Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted; 66 cases of HBV-ACLF patients were randomly divided into two groups: a test group (44 cases) and a control group (22 cases). Conventional western medicine treatment was given to both groups; the patients in test group additionally received the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in accord to the principles of differentiation of syndromes in TCM, in cases with damp-heat and blood stasis syndrome with yellow appearance, Liangxue Jiedu Huayu decoction (Paeoniae Radix Rubra 60 - 150 g, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 30 - 90 g, Gardeniae Fructus 9 - 12 g, Hedyotis diffusa Willd 20 - 30 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 30 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 30 g, Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma 30 - 45 g, Siegesbeckiae Herba 30 - 45 g, Bletillae Rhizoma 15 g ) was given, in cases with Qi deficiency and blood stasis with yellow appearance, Yiqi Jiedu Huayu decoction (Astragali Radix Preparata Cum Melle 30 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 30 - 60 g, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix 15 - 30 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 30 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata 10 - 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 30 g, Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma 30 - 45 g, Siegesbeckiae Herba 30 - 45 g, Gigeriae Galli Endothelium Corneum 20 g) was given, the dosage in both groups being 1 dose daily, one dose was prepared to a water decoction 250 - 300 mL which was divided into two parts, one part taken twice a day; the control group received only western medicine treatment. After 2 weeks of treatment, the clinical comprehensive curative effect, the syndrome score efficacy, and the changes of main indexes of liver function,cholinesterase (ChE), albumin (Alb), prothrombin activity (PTA) were observed in the two groups.Results The clinical total efficacy in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group [75.0% (33/44) vs. 45.5% (10/22),P < 0.05]. The syndrome score total efficacy in the test group was also higher than that in the control group [75.0% (33/44) vs. 63.6% (14/22)], but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After treatment, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) and direct bilirubin (DBil) were all lower than those before treatment in both groups, while the ChE, Alb and PTA were higher than those before treatment, and the degree of changes was more significant in the test group [test group: ALT (U/L): 63.28±99.28 vs. 574.58±571.08, AST (U/L): 86.84±92.88 vs. 438.20±482.74, TBil (μmol/L): 161.90±178.34 vs. 269.46±95.10, DBil (μmol/L): 115.32±126.51 vs. 209.12±79.78, ChE (U/L): 4 239.14±1 505.00 vs. 3 341.49±1 609.40, Alb (g/L): 32.65±4.77 vs. 29.73±3.31, PTA: (69.69±44.92)% vs. (32.84±7.47)%; control group: ALT (U/L): 93.28±93.86 vs. 365.24±376.98, AST (U/L): 126.26±121.35 vs. 287.17±301.04, TBil (μmol/L): 226.80±187.38 vs. 281.02±103.73, DBil (μmol/L): 172.50±147.32 vs. 227.96±87.20, ChE (U/L): 4 484.66±1 886.53 vs. 3 918.77±1 417.77, Alb (g/L): 33.17±4.76 vs. 30.47±3.03, PTA: (63.80±36.80)% vs. (33.96±6.32)%,P < 0.05 orP < 0.01].Conclusion The combination of TCM and western medicine for treatment of HBV-ACLF can improve liver function, and the prognosis is superior to using western medicine treatment alone.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from the stem and leaves of Sarcandra glabra.METHODS: The volatile oil was extracted from the stem and leaves of Sarcandra glabra by steam distillation.The components of the volatile oil were separated and identified by GC-MS.The relative content of each component was determined by area normalization.RESULTS: 29 components in the volatile oil from the stem of Sarcandra glabra were identified,and their content representing 75.88% of the total volatile oil.64 components in the volatile oil from the leaves of Sarcandra glabra were identified,with their content representing 87.98% of the total volatile oil.CONCLUSION: The volatile from leaves and that from stems of Sarcandra glabra varied in the content of low molecular weight of chemical constituents,almost no low molecular weight of chemical constituent contained in the volatile oil in the stems.These data provide scientific bases for exploitation of Sarcandra glabra.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of the content of total Flavonoid in Fructus Psoraleae by UV spectrophotometry.METHODS:The determination was performed using Bavachin standard as control substance,and sodium hydroxide as color-developing agent,with the wavelength set at 440nm.RESULTS:The absorbency and concentration of Bavachin have good linearity in the range of 4.10～ 12.30? g? mL-1(r=0.999 8).The average recovery rate was 100.5%(RSD=1.57%,n=9).CONCLUSION:The method is easy to operate,highly accurate,reproducible and can be applied to determine the content of total Flavonoid in Fufang Psoralen corylifolia sustained-release tablets.