Objective To investigate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) on rat calcitonin(CT).Methods A total of 48 SD healthy rats were randomly divided into control group,low GM-CSF(10?g/kg?d) and high GM-CSF dosage(50?g/kg?d) groups.The rats in experimental groups were continuously treated by an intraperitoneal application of GM-CSF for over 7 days.The level of calcitonin was measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA),and the serum calcium(Ca),ALP and phosphorus(P) were examined by biochemical method.Results The level of the serum calcium in high-dosage GMCSF group was lower than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The high dosage GM-CSF can decrease the serum calcium;the low-and high-dosage GM-CSF can decrease the serum calcitonin,but has no effect on the level of serum phosphorus and ALP.

Objective:To investigate the influence of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) on rat thyroid parafollicular cells(C cells).Methods: A total of 48 healthy SD rats were randomly and equally divided into a control group,a low dose group(GM-CSF 10 ?g/kg?d-1) and a high dose group(GM-CSF 50 ?g/kg?d-1).The latter two groups were treated by intraperitoneal administration of GM-CSF at their respective doses for 7 days,and then the thyroid parafollicular cells were stained by immunohishtochemical streptavidin-peroxidase(S-P) technique and their number counted.Results: The number of C cells was(67.43 ? 13.73)in the high dose group,significantly smaller than that of the low dose group(85.97 ? 20.12)(P

Objective To observe the distribution of the calcitonin(CT) in the submandibular glands of rat. Methods The submandibular gland tissues of the 16 SD health rats were taken to examine by the immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase(SP) technique. Results The results showed that the immunoreactive CT can be observed,they mainly distributed in serous alveoli,serous cells of mixed alveoli,and every duct were also positively immunoreactive to CT.Conclusion The submandibular glands of rat might secrete CT.This suggests that submandibular glands might be related with the regulation of calcium and phosphorus.

Objective To evaluate the combined effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PLGF) on angiogenesis and cardiac function and compare with VEGF or PLGF only in acute myocardial infarction rats.Methods Seventy-five males Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham group,NS group,VEGF group,PLGF group,and VEGF + PLGF group with 15 rats in each group.All the rats underwent LAD ligation and injection of NS,VEGF,PLGF,VEGF + PLGF,in the peri-infarct area,respectively,besides the sham group.Three weeks after coronary artery ligation and different agents injection,cardiac function,myocardial scar area,angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were studied.Cardiac structure and function,and infarct size were assessed by echocardiography.The number of new vessels and the number of new arterioles were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining.Results Three weeks after LAD ligation and different agents injection,the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01)in NS group,VEGF group and PLGF group.While the LVEF and LVFS were higher in VEGF + PLGF group than that in other groups.Myocardial infarct size was reduced in VEGF group (P ＜ 0.05).Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were higher in VEGF + PLGF group than that in VEGF group (P ＜ 0.01) and PLGF group (P ＜0.05).Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were significantly higher in PLGF group than that in VEGF group (P＜0.01).The density of microvessels in VEGF group was higher than that in NS group (P ＜ 0.05),while arteriogenesis was of no statistical difference.Conclusion The combination of half VEGF and PLGF can increase angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the ischemic marginal zone of myocardial infarction,decrease myocardial infarction area,and improve cardiac function.

Objective To expand the utilization of minimally invasive technologies for parapancreatic abscess,and summarize the application experience of choledochoscope for treatment of parapancreatic abscess.Methods The clinical data and treatment effectiveness of 36 patients with parapancreatic abscess from Dec.2000 to Dec.2008 were analyzed retrospectively.These patients had experienced percutaneous puncture and been placed drainage tube under the ultrasound guidance first,then expanded the sinus tract gradually,and performed debridement by choledochoscope.The flexibility of choledochoscope was used to remove the necrotic tissue and pyogenic membrane repeatedly by clamping,netting and vacuum aspiration in every domain.Results Thirty-six patients were performed percutaneous puncture and placed drainage tube,3 cases were given canalis singularis,7 cases were double tube,26 cases were over three tube.The debridement times were 3-14 by choledochoscope,average 5.6 times.There were 6 cases with improving systemic symptoms,blood routine and temperature recovering normal,and drink and food recovering,then discharged from hospital with tube after 1-2 times of debridement.Length of stay was 25-132 d,average 76 d.The curing rate was 91.7% (33/36).Two cases were turned into open surgery because of broad necrotic tissue range combined with many abdominal cavity abscess with good postoperative recovery and cured.One case was dead of severe multiple organ failure combination.There were 2 patients with hemorrhage,3 patients with external intestinal fistula.Conclusions The debridement of choledochoscope for parapancreatic abscess treatment is a simple,flexible and effective method.It changes the viewpoint that parapancreatic abscess can be cured only by operation drainage,decreases the patients’ trauma and accomplishes the idea of damage control by minimally invasive technologies.

Objective To evaluate insulin resistance and ?-cell function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods The study group included thirty-two female SLE patients who were hospitalized or received outpatient treatment in our hospital;the control group consisted of twenty-two healthy females.Their fasting plasm glucose and serum insulin were all tested.Homeostasis model assessment(HOMA) was used to calculate HOMA-IR and HOMA-?-cell function,and these parameters were compared between the study group and control group.Results Compared with control group,the SLE patients had significantly higher fasting insulin levels(12.13?4.32 vs.8.84?2.19,P0.05).Conclusion Patients with SLE have a higher risk of insulin resistance and abnormal insulin secretion than controls.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of endoscopic self-expandable metal stent implantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 73 patients with hilar cholangiocar-cinoma who had received endoscopic metal stent implantation at the General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Command from July 2004 to July 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The success rate of stent implantation, effective rate of jaundice release, duration of patency of the stent, survival time and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results Among the patients, 70 were successfully implanted with the stents. Unilateral metal stents were implan-ted in 62 patients, bilateral metal stents in three patients, and metal + plastic stents in five patients. The effective rate of jaundice release was 87% (61/70), the median duration of patency of the stent was 190 days, and the median survival time was 246 hours. Seven patients had complications of cholangitis, three had pancreatitis and two had bleeding. Conclusions The advantages of endoscopic metal stent implantation include minimal trauma and good efficacy in alleviating jaundice. It is the option of choice for the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction in patients with inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To obtain eukaryotic expression vectors containing coding region of nephroblastoma overexpression gene (NOV) and detect its expression in COS-7 cells. Methods A 1 165-bp cDNA fragment was amplified from the total RNA of normal rat brain tissue by RT-PCR and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/Myc-His(+)/lacZ. The cloned insert was identified by double digestion of the recombinant plasmid with restriction enzymes HindⅢ and BamHⅠ. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells with liposome. The expression of NOV gene was detected by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Results Eukaryotic expression vectors containing 1 165 -bp coding region of NOV gene was constructed. COS-7 cells transfected with the recombinant plasmid expressed high level of NOV protein in cytoplasm. Conclusion That eukaryotic expression vectors containing coding region of NOV gene was constructed can provide a strong molecular tool for the studies of effect of NOV gene.

Immunoprecipitation and Western-blot were performed to detect the expression of LGR8 in the testes in wild type (Wt) and Insl3-knockout ( KO ) mice.Testis were harvested from WT and KO mice on embryonic day 18 (E18) and on postnatal(P) 1,3,7,14,17,20,23,51,and 90 days.LGR8 staining in Leydig cells was stronger in all Wt mice than that in KO mice( all P＜0.05 ).LGR8 expression on spermatocytes varies with age.Strong stain on P1 Wt and postpubertal mice was concentrated in the developing and mature acrosome of spermatids

Objective To evaluate intra-biliary tunnel electro-resection and aspiration approach during ERCP for severe biliary stricture.MethodsA total of 14 patients with severe benign or malignant biliary stricture,which failed in previous ERCP,were recruited. First the guide wire was passed gently through the narrow segment under fluoroscopy,then the double-lumen needle knife was placed near the stricture and wire cutter was protruded.The tunnel electro-resection and aspiration was performed along the guide wire until the narrow segment could be passed through under fluoroscopy by the expanding balloon dilator for the following procedures.ResultsOf 14 patients with severe biliary strictnres,electro-resection and aspiration procedure were successful in 12 (85.7％).Metal stents were implanted in all 7 patients with malignant biliary strictures.Plastic stents were placed after balloon dilatation in 5 patients with benign stenosis.Three out of 5 patients received double plastic stents,while the two others only needed a single plastic stent.The procedure was failed in 2 patients ( 14.3％ ) with malignant biliary strictures as hilar cholangiocarcinoma invaded the left and right hepatic duct,forming a right angle in biliary stenosis,so that needle knife could not go through,and the following procedure was aborted.There were no severe complications like massive bleeding,perforation or death observed.ConclusionThe intra-biliary tunnel electro-resection and aspiration approach can significantly increase the success rate of ERCP in severe biliary strictures.