Objective To evaluate the combined effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PLGF) on angiogenesis and cardiac function and compare with VEGF or PLGF only in acute myocardial infarction rats.Methods Seventy-five males Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham group,NS group,VEGF group,PLGF group,and VEGF + PLGF group with 15 rats in each group.All the rats underwent LAD ligation and injection of NS,VEGF,PLGF,VEGF + PLGF,in the peri-infarct area,respectively,besides the sham group.Three weeks after coronary artery ligation and different agents injection,cardiac function,myocardial scar area,angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were studied.Cardiac structure and function,and infarct size were assessed by echocardiography.The number of new vessels and the number of new arterioles were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining.Results Three weeks after LAD ligation and different agents injection,the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01)in NS group,VEGF group and PLGF group.While the LVEF and LVFS were higher in VEGF + PLGF group than that in other groups.Myocardial infarct size was reduced in VEGF group (P ＜ 0.05).Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were higher in VEGF + PLGF group than that in VEGF group (P ＜ 0.01) and PLGF group (P ＜0.05).Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were significantly higher in PLGF group than that in VEGF group (P＜0.01).The density of microvessels in VEGF group was higher than that in NS group (P ＜ 0.05),while arteriogenesis was of no statistical difference.Conclusion The combination of half VEGF and PLGF can increase angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the ischemic marginal zone of myocardial infarction,decrease myocardial infarction area,and improve cardiac function.

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Objective To evaluate how proprioception affect ankle stability through comparing angle position awareness and peroneus reaction time between chronic ankle lateral instability patients and healthy controls.Methods A total of 51 participants were recruited into an experimental group of 21 patients with chronic ankle lateral instability (17 males,aged 31.6±2.6) and a control group of 30 healthy counterparts (24 males,aged 34.2±2.3).All the participants were asked to reoccur passive ankle position under the angular velocity at 2 degree per second when they were resting with non-weight bearing in their recruited ankles.The muscle reaction time (MRT)of peroneus longus(PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) in all the recruited ankles was measured during sudden ankle inversion both with and without ankle protective brace wearing.Results The difference between angle recurrence and the target angle (ankle inversion 20° and 30°) was significantly higher (P＜0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group.The average MRTs of PL and PB were also significantly longer (P＜0.05) in the experimental group than the control group,whether wearing ankle protective braces or not.However,within both groups,no significant differences of PL and PB's MRT were identified between brace wearing and no brace (P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with chronic lateral ankle instability,the position awareness decreases and the reaction time of peroneus is prolonged.Ankle braces can provide mechanical protection to the injured joints,but cannot promote MRT significantly.

Objective To explore the fluorescent distribution, and the relation between fluorescent intensity and time after injecting rear-thigh muscles with DiI. Methods Sixty-five new born mice were equally and randomly divided into 13 groups. Fluorescent distribution and intensity were investigated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h, and 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 d and 2, 3 months after injecting the left posterior limb rear thigh muscles with 1.5 ?l 4 mg/ml DiI for one mouse. Results The labeling neurons were scattered from L2 level to S2 level and associated dorsal root ganglion (DRG), but the most were located at L4 to L6 section. The faint red fluorescence neurons were observed at dorsal root ganglion and cornu anterius medullae spinalis 6 h post-injection. The labeling neurons increased up to the 4th day. The fluorescent intensity enhanced gradually from 6 h to 24 h, then kept the intensity for 3 months. Conclusion It is a quick, precise, persistent method to trance and label the dorsal root ganglions sensory neuron and spinal motoneuron by injecting rear-thigh muscles with DiI, and the rate of labeling neurons can be improved by prolonging the tracing time properly. It is also provide basic data for clinical or experimental neuron label and location.

Objective To expand the utilization of minimally invasive technologies for parapancreatic abscess,and summarize the application experience of choledochoscope for treatment of parapancreatic abscess.Methods The clinical data and treatment effectiveness of 36 patients with parapancreatic abscess from Dec.2000 to Dec.2008 were analyzed retrospectively.These patients had experienced percutaneous puncture and been placed drainage tube under the ultrasound guidance first,then expanded the sinus tract gradually,and performed debridement by choledochoscope.The flexibility of choledochoscope was used to remove the necrotic tissue and pyogenic membrane repeatedly by clamping,netting and vacuum aspiration in every domain.Results Thirty-six patients were performed percutaneous puncture and placed drainage tube,3 cases were given canalis singularis,7 cases were double tube,26 cases were over three tube.The debridement times were 3-14 by choledochoscope,average 5.6 times.There were 6 cases with improving systemic symptoms,blood routine and temperature recovering normal,and drink and food recovering,then discharged from hospital with tube after 1-2 times of debridement.Length of stay was 25-132 d,average 76 d.The curing rate was 91.7% (33/36).Two cases were turned into open surgery because of broad necrotic tissue range combined with many abdominal cavity abscess with good postoperative recovery and cured.One case was dead of severe multiple organ failure combination.There were 2 patients with hemorrhage,3 patients with external intestinal fistula.Conclusions The debridement of choledochoscope for parapancreatic abscess treatment is a simple,flexible and effective method.It changes the viewpoint that parapancreatic abscess can be cured only by operation drainage,decreases the patients’ trauma and accomplishes the idea of damage control by minimally invasive technologies.

Immunoprecipitation and Western-blot were performed to detect the expression of LGR8 in the testes in wild type (Wt) and Insl3-knockout ( KO ) mice.Testis were harvested from WT and KO mice on embryonic day 18 (E18) and on postnatal(P) 1,3,7,14,17,20,23,51,and 90 days.LGR8 staining in Leydig cells was stronger in all Wt mice than that in KO mice( all P＜0.05 ).LGR8 expression on spermatocytes varies with age.Strong stain on P1 Wt and postpubertal mice was concentrated in the developing and mature acrosome of spermatids

Objective To investigate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis (OP) and analyze the factors related to diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) so as to provide theoretical evidence for early diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis complicated with T2DM. Methods According to their BMD values, patients were divided into OP group and non-OP group. Then we compared differences in sex, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FIns), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), quantitative of urinary albumin (ALb), quantitative of urinary protein in 24 hours, serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkali phosphatase level (ALP), and made correlation analysis. Results Compared with those in non-OP group, patients in OP group had older age, longer disease course, smaller baric index, lower bone density, higher alkali phosphatase, lower insulin sensitivity index, higher glycosylated hemoglobin, higher quantitative of urinary protein in 24 hours and urinary microprotein, which were significantly different according to t-test (P<0.05). However, the levels of fasting plasma glucose, serum phosphorus and serum calcium did not differ obviously. BMD of type 2 diabetes was negatively correlated to age, disease course, glycosylated hemoglobin, quantitative of urinary protein in 24 hours, ALb and ALP, but positively correlated to BMI and ISI, and had no correlation with serum calcium, serum phosphorus and fasting plasma glucose. Conclusion Many factors, such as older age, low body weight, long duration of the disease, high level of blood sugar, insulin dysfunction, low insulin sensitivity, high serum alkaline phosphatase and diabetic nephropathy, contribute to osteoporosis in T2DM.

Objective To explore a new method of parapancreatic abscess treatment and establish an idea of minimally invasive technologies for parapancreatic abscess to improve the recovery rate of acute pancreatitis. Methods The patients had experienced percutaneous puncture and placed drainage tube under the ultrasound guidance first, then the sinus tract was expanded gradually to 24F perimeter by Cook's fascia expender. Finally, the necrotic tissue and pyogenic membrane was removed and repeatedly washed under guidance of choledochoscopy. Results The recovery rate was 91.1 %(33/36). The complication incidence was 10.7% (hemorrage:2 cases, external intestinal fistula:3 cases, and fatal MOF: 1 case). Conclusions The viewpoint which parapancreatic abscess only can be cured by drainage operation can be changed by associating debridement by choledochoscope with percutaneous puncture drainage under the ultrasound guidance. It is a simple, safe and effective method. It can be used to reduce the patients' damage, complication and mortality and accomplish the idea of damage control by minimally invasive technologies.

Thyroid hormone insensitivity syndrome is an inherited syndrome characterized by high serum concentrations of thyroid hormone,accompanied by normal or slightly high serum TSH concentration due to the reduced responsiveness of target tissues to thyroid hormone.Thyroid hormone insensitivity syndromes are related to gene mutations of thyroid hormone receptors,thyroid hormone cell transport defect,and thyroid hormone metabolism defect.This article reviews the progress of pathogenesis,diagnosis,and therapeutics of thyroid hormone insensitivity syndrome.