OBJECTIVE:To discuss the improvement in Soxhlet extraction with ore and shell hard Chinese meteria madica taking Plastrum Testudinis as example.METHODS:On the basis of normal Soxhlet extracter,larger Soxhlet extracter on Plastrum Testudinis was experimented using saturated salt-water-bath,quadruplicity cover circle and timer.Large Soxhlet extracter was compared with normal Soxhlet extracter and stirring-reflux method by HPLC analysis,yield and clearance rate of DPPH.RESULTS:There were no significant difference between normal and larger Soxhlet extracters,but the stirring-reflux method was inferior to these two methods.CONCLUSION:The improved larger Soxhlet extraction is a thorough,high-efficient,convenient,economical and healthy extracting method for ore and shell hard Chinese materia medica.

Objective:To summarize the patient profiles and therapeutic efficacies of ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantations at 19 domestic transplant centers and provide rationales for clinical application of ABOi-KT.Methods:Clinical cases of ABO-incompatible/compatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT/ABOc-KT) from December 2006 to December 2009 were collected. Then, statistical analyses were conducted from the aspects of tissue matching, perioperative managements, complications and survival rates of renal allograft or recipients.Results:Clinical data of 342 ABOi-KT and 779 ABOc-KT indicated that (1) no inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index (BMI), donor-recipient relationship or waiting time of pre-operative dialysis; (2) ABO blood type: blood type O recipients had the longest waiting list and transplantations from blood type A to blood type O accounted for the largest proportion; (3) HLA matching: no statistical significance existed in mismatch rate or positive rate of PRA I/II between two types of surgery; (4) CD20 should be properly used on the basis of different phrases; (5) hemorrhage was a common complication during an early postoperative period and microthrombosis appeared later; (6) no difference existed in postoperative incidence of complications or survival rate of renal allograft and recipients at 1/3/5/10 years between ABOi-KT and ABOc-KT. The acute rejection rate and serum creatinine levels of ABOi-KT recipients were comparable to those of ABOc-KT recipients within 1 year.Conclusions:ABOi-KT is both safe and effective so that it may be applied at all transplant centers as needed.