Sixteen normal male volunteers were randomly divided into two groups and were asked to drink two doses of ethanol 0. 65g/kg and 0. 80g/kg alcoholic beverage seperately. Then the venous blood sample was collected at the different time. A ADH enzyme catalyzed method was used to determine the blood alcohol concentration (BAC). The experimental concentration-time (C-T) data was calcu-lated by the pharmacokinetics software,the result showed that the metabolism of alcohol confirmed with 1 -compartment nonlinear pharmacokinetics with first absorption model. According to this, a mathematic formula of alcoholic dynamics in human body was established. After the test of human ex-periment, the model was found suitable in the practice of forensic medicine.

Based on the kinetics of alcohol metabolism in animal models,the mathematicalmode for studing of the alcohol kinetics in person of the acute alcohol poisoningwas established.This mathematical mode can be expressed as x(t)=x_0(1-e~(-kat))-k_bt,which allows calculating the absorpion constant (k_a) arld breakdown rate constant(k_b) for alcohol the curve in dynamic change of the alcohol concentration followingadministration of a large amount of alcohal can be obtained the amount of alcoholin human body [x,(t)] after drinking can be checked out.from the urine Theexperimental study in monkeys showed that the parameters derived from the mathe-matical mode agued witk the results obtained from the experiments

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)has been used to determine aconitine in the sample of rabbits. Kinetics of degradation of aconitine in vitro was studied. The degradation of aconite from the poisoned specimens (coagulated blood, liver) treated differently in vitro was characterized by pseudo-secondorder kinetics. The K. of aconitine in these samples was the biggest in the fixed section of 4% aqueous solution of formaldehyde (1.5619, O.7728?g/d), bigger in the fixed section of 95% alcohol(0.4891, 0.07536?g/d) and the smallest in the refrigerator at 4℃ (0.06372, 0.03903 ?g/d), respectively. That is, aconitine in the poisoned samples was decomposed slowly in the refrigerator and secondly in the fixative of alcohol. Amount of aconitine might be extrapolated from the result of examination of specimens taken from the subject after poisoning or killing by the poison, using the kinetics equation.

Objective To explore the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on serum cytokines and cardiac function in patients with sepsis myocardial injury.Methods Fifty patients with sepsis myocardial injury were admitted in Hangzhou First People's Hospital from June 2015 to September 2016,and according to the computer generated random number,they were divided into conventional treatment group and TMP treatment group,25 cases in each group.The patients in the conventional treatment group were treated with antimicrobial agents,vasoactive drugs,fluid resuscitation and organ function support,etc.;TMP treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) TMP on the basis of routine treatment.TMP 120 mg was added to 250 mL normal saline (NS) for intravenous drip once a day for a therapeutic course of 10 days.Plasma N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptidec (NT-proBNP) and serum tmnor necrosis factor-oα (TNF-α) levels were measured before treatment and on 1,5 and 10 days after treatment.Left ventricular internal systolic dimension (LVIDs),fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by cardiac ultrasound,3 cardiac cycles were measured and the average results were taken.The intensive care unit (ICU) hospital stay and mortality were calculated in the two groups.Results The levels of NT-proBNP and TNF-α in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment,the differences in the levels were statistically significant between those before treatment and 5 days after treatment in the conventional treatment group [NT-proBNP (ng/L):334.25 ± 36.46 vs.577.72 ± 60.34,TNF-α (ng/L):388.48 ± 43.38 vs.507.74-± 31.63,both P ＜ 0.05],and in TMP treatment group,the levels from 1 day after treatment compared with those before treatment,there were statistical significant differences [NT-proBNP (ng/L):387.44 ± 36.39 vs.571.67-± 56.34,TNF-α(ng/L):403.79 ± 23.20 vs.505.82 ± 31.31,both P ＜ 0.05];the degrees of decrease in TMP treatment group were more obvious than those in conventional treatment group (all P ＜ 0.01).After treatment in the two groups,the LVIDs was decreased gradually,FS and LVEF were increased gradually,reaching the lowest or highest level on 10 days after treatment,and the changes of TMP treatment group were more significant than those in the conventional treatment group,LVIDs and LVEF of the two groups showed statistically significant differences on 5 days after treatment [LVIDs (mm):43.23 ± 5.57vs.48.21 ± 2.29,LVEF:0.47 ± 0.02 vs.0.41 ± 0.02,both P ＜ 0.05],FS on 1 day after treatment showed a statistically significant difference [FS:(23.92 ± 1.81)％ vs.(22.84 ± 1.79)％,P ＜ 0.05].The ICU stay in the TMP group was shorter than that in the conventional treatment group (days:13.16 ± 2.67 vs.16.48-± 3.08,P ＜ 0.05),and the mortality was lower than that of conventional treatment group [20％ (5/25) vs.36％ (9/25)],the difference being not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In septic myocardial injury,TNF-α plays an important role;after TMP treatment in patients with myocardial injury caused by viral myocarditis,the serum TNF-α level is decreased showing it has antagonizing TNF-α activity,thus it has protective effect on sepsis myocarditis,improves heart function and the disease prognosis.

Objective To explore the application value of Supportan in elderly bedridden patients with enteral nutrition (EN) support. Methods Forty cases of elderly bedridden patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled, Supportan was injected through an indwelling naso-intestinal tube on the basis of routine treatment, and the changes of blood biochemical parameters of EN [serum albumin (Alb), pre-albumin (PA), total lymphocyte count (LYM)] and immune indexes (IgG, IgM, IgA) were monitored before and after EN treatment. Results Ten days after EN treatment, the serum Alb, PA, LYM, IgG, IgM were significantly higher than those before treatment, the differences being statistically significant [Alb (g/L): 30.29±1.65 vs. 28.31±1.72, PA (g/L): 0.25±0.05 vs. 0.23±0.02, LYM (×109): 1.69±0.28 vs. 1.47±0.32, IgG (g/L): 11.54±0.96 vs. 10.69±0.70, IgM (g/L): 1.21±0.19 vs. 0.95±0.13, all P < 0.05]; 20 days after EN treatment, above indexes were increased more significantly compared with those 10 days after EN treatment [Alb (g/L): 34.16±2.41 vs. 30.29±1.65, PA (g/L): 0.28±0.03 vs. 0.25±0.05, LYM (×109/L): 1.96±0.31 vs. 1.69±0.28, IgG (g/L): 14.56±0.77 vs. 11.54±0.96, IgM (g/L): 1.56±0.18 vs. 1.21±0.19, all P < 0.05], 10 days, 20 days after EN treatment, IgA shown a tendency increased, there was no statistical significant difference compared with that before treatment (g/L: 2.63±0.33, 2.67±0.11 vs. 2.61±0.27, both P > 0.05). Conclusion Supportan has important clinical significance in improving the nutritional status and immune function of elderly bedridden patients.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of emergency one-stop hybrid operation in ruptured and hemorrhagic high-grade brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs).Methods:Twelve patients with ruptured and hemorrhagic high-grade BAVMs who underwent emergency one-stop hybrid operation were chosen. The clinical data and efficacy of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results:All patients completed surgery successfully. Embolization combined with BAVMs resection was performed in 4 patients, BAVMs resection under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 4 patients, embolization combined with balloon-assisted BAVMs resection was performed in 1 patient, balloon-assisted BAVMs resection under DSA was performed in 1 patient, embolization combined with BAVMs resection and aneurysm clipping was performed in 1 patient, and BAVMs resection combined with aneurysm clipping under DSA was performed in 1 patient. Intraoperative DSA showed residual vascular malformation in 1 patient and complete resection in other 11 patients. No surgical complications occurred. Two patients presented symptoms of delayed epilepsy after discharge. Six months after operation, 8 patients had good prognosis (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] scores≥4), 4 had poor prognosis (GOS scores of 1-3), and no death occurred. CTA or DSA in all patients 6 months after operation found no residual or recurrent vascular lesions.Conclusion:Emergency one-stop hybrid operation has high complete occlusion rate and low surgical complication incidence in ruptured and hemorrhagic high-grade BAVMs, which is worthy of clinical application.

Peripheral bacterial infections without impaired blood-brain barrier integrity have been attributed to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Peripheral infection promotes innate immune training in microglia and exacerbates neuroinflammation. However, how changes in the peripheral environment mediate microglial training and exacerbation of infection-related PD is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that GSDMD activation was enhanced in the spleen but not in the CNS of mice primed with low-dose LPS. GSDMD in peripheral myeloid cells promoted microglial immune training, thus exacerbating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during PD in an IL-1R-dependent manner. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of GSDMD alleviated the symptoms of PD in experimental PD models. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GSDMD-induced pyroptosis in myeloid cells initiates neuroinflammation by regulating microglial training during infection-related PD. Based on these findings, GSDMD may serve as a therapeutic target for patients with PD.