Objective To understand the microorganism pollution in the indoor air in the campus of Liaocheng University. Methods In April and May, 2004, the content of airborne microbes in the indoor air in Liaocheng University campus was determined by the gravity plate method. Results The average content of bacteria in the indoor air was 2.39?103 cfu/m3, the average content of mildew was 0.62?103 cfu/m3. The predominant microorganism in the internet bars in the campus was bacteria. Conclusion In general, the indoor air quality in Liaocheng University campus is at comparative clear level.

Objective To explore diagnosis and treatment of traumatic chylothorax. Methods We summarized 16 cases with traumatic chylothorax from 1385 patients who suffered from thoracic trauma from Dec.1980 to Dec.2001. Among them, 4 cases had left chylothorax, 11 cases had right chylothorax,and 1 case had bilateral chylothorax. 11 cases were treated with conservative therapy and 5 cases were treated by ligation of thoracic duct. Results 2 patients died,and the others were cured. Conclusion Diagnosed early and treated suitably, traumatic chylothorax can readily be cured, otherwise it would be delayed.

Objective To compare laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) on their effects on systemic inflammatory immunological reactions. Methods Peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulation, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) before the surgery, 1 hour, 1 day and 2 days after the surgery, respectively, in patients with cholelithiasis or polypoid lesions of the gallbladder receiving either LC (n=30) or OC (n=30), were recorded and compared. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for IL-6 determination and the flow cytometry was adopted for T-lymphocyte subpopulation counting. Results The levels of CD3 ( q =5 822, P 0 05). Significantly lowered levels of WBC count ( t =4 904, P =0 000), CRP ( t =9 409, P =0 000) and IL-6 ( t =6 471, P =0 000) in group LC as compared with group OC 2 days after the surgery were observed. Conclusions LC imposes less influences on the systemic inflammatory immunological reactions and benefits the patient’s recovery.

Objective To estimate the influence of palmitic acid (PA) on the proliferation of and production of inflammatory mediators by a human keratinocyte line HaCaT.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with PA of eight concentrations (0-200 μmol/L) for 3-24 hours followed by the evaluation of cell proliferation by using the cell counting kit-8.According to the proliferation assay,four concentrations (75,100,125,150 μmol/L) of PA were selected and used to treat HaCaT cells for 24 hours,then,fluorescence-based immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the level of interleukin (IL)-6 in the supernatant of culture medium,real-time PCR to detect the mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor oα (PPARα) and IL-6,and Western blot to quantify the protein expressions of PPARα as well as total and nuclear NF-κB p65.Those HaCaT cells receiving no treatment served as the control group.Statistical analysis was carried out by one-factor analysis of variance using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software.Results The HaCaT cells treated with PA of 50-175 μ mol/L showed accelerated proliferation compared with the control HaCaT cells (all P ＜ 0.05).PA from 75 to 150 μmol/L enhanced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65,mRNA and protein expressions of PPARα,as well as the mRNA expression and supernatant level of IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner.The relative expression level of nuclear NF-κB p65 protein was 0.4536 ± 0.0173,0.5184 ± 0.0206,0.5333 ± 0.0231,0.6160 ± 0.0297,and the supernatant level of IL-6 was (31.5677 ± 0.2268),(32.3773 ± 0.4156),(32.9837 ± 0.0029) and (33.6890 ± 0.0936) ng/L,in HaCaT cells treated with PA of 75,100,125 and 150 μmol/L,respectively,compared to 0.3237 ± 0.0114 (all P ＜ 0.01) and (30.4577 ± 0.5131) ng/L (all P ＜ 0.01) in the control HaCaT cells,respectively.Conclusions PA can accelerate the proliferation of HaCaT cells,enhance NF-κB nuclear transfer,PPARα expression and IL-6 secretion in a dose-dependent manner within a certain concentration range,and may exert a promoting role in the activation and expression of some inflammatory factors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of focal fractional laser treatment(FFLT)for atrophic acne scars. Methods A randomized, self-controlled study was performed. A total of 20 patients with atrophic facial acne scars were enrolled into this study. Treatments were randomly administered in a split-face manner. Half of each subject′s face received FFLT(FFLT side), and the other half underwent full-face fractional CO2 laser resurfacing(control side), for one session. All the patients were followed up for 3 months after the treatment. Evaluation was based on the ECCA grading scale (échelle d′évaluation clinique des cicatrices d′acné)and patient satisfaction score. A VISIA skin detector was used to take photographs and evaluate skin texture. Moreover, physical parameters of the skin, including erythema index, melanin index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), were measured. Adverse effects were recorded and evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out by paired t test, Wilcoxon paired rank test, Fisher′s exact test and repeated-measure analysis of variance. Results The ECCA score decreased from 51.24 ± 17.61 at the baseline to 34.46 ± 14.99 at 3 months after the treatment at the FFLT side(t = 7.886, P < 0.05), and from 50.96 ± 18.96 to 38.29 ± 14.86 at the control side(t =6.123, P < 0.05), and was significantly lower in the FFLT side than in the control side (t = 4.462, P < 0.05)at 3 months after the treatment. The improvement rate was significantly higher in the FFLT side than in the control side (32.75% vs. 24.86%, P = 0.016 by Fisher′s exact test)at 3 months after the treatment. Decreased pain and edema scores were observed at the FFLT side compared with the control side at 1 hour after the treatment (both P < 0.05), but no significant difference was noted in the duration of erythema or crusting between the two sides (both P > 0.05). Compared with those before the treatment, skin texture scores decreased in both sides (both P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in the FFLT side than in the control side at 3 months after the treatment(P < 0.05). The erythema index was significantly lower in the FFLT side than in the control side in both scarred areas and non-scarred areas on day 1 after the treatment (both P < 0.05). Both melanin index and TEWL at the FFLT side were significantly increased in scarred areas, but decreased in non-scarred areas compared with those at the control side within 3 days after the treatment (all P < 0.05). Similarly, the water content of the stratum corneum at the FFLT side was significantly lower in scarred areas, but higher in non-scarred areas compared with that at the control side between day 1 and 7 after the treatment (both P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the erythema index, TEWL or water content of the stratum corneum between the FFLT side and control side at scarred areas or non-scarred areas(all P > 0.05)from 2 weeks to 3 months after the treatment(all P > 0.05). Conclusion FFLT can improve therapeutic outcomes in atrophic acne scars with reduced adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of different combination regimens of latanoprost combined with timolol in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG). METHODS:By 2×2 self-cross controlled regimen,a total of 50 POAG patients were selected from Sanya Municipal People's Hospital during Jan. 2014-Nov. 2016,and then divided into group A and B according to random number tablet,with 25 cases in each group. Group A received traditional regimens (Latanoprost eye drops,once every night,one drop each time+Timolol maleate eye drops,once in the morning and evening,one drop each time);after 8 weeks of treatment and 48 h washout period,group A was given modified regimen(Latanoprost eye drops,once every night,one drop each time+Timolol maleate eye drops,once every morning,one drop each time)for 8 weeks. Group B was given modified regimen;after 8 weeks of treatment and 48 h washout period,then was given traditional regimen for 8 weeks. The 24 h average intraocular pressure,peak and trough intraocular pressure before and after medication,ocular hemodynamics [end diastolic velocity(EDV),peak systolic velocity(PSV),resistance index(RI)] and ADR were recorded in 2 regimens. RESULTS:After received two regimens,24 h average intraocular pressure,peak and trough intraocular pressure, intraocular pressure fluctuation and RI were significantly lower than before treatment,while EDV and PSV were significantly higher than before treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance between 2 groups(P>0.05). The total incidence of ADR in patients receiving modified regimen was significantly lower than those receiving traditional regimen(4.0% vs. 22.0%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:In traditional combination regimen of latanoprost combined with timolol,the frequency of timolol use was changed from twice in the morning and evening to once in the morning,which doesn't influence therapeutic efficacy but reduce ADR.

Clinical data of 62 patients with gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (diameter ≥1 cm) who were treated with kissing suture by single-channel endoscope after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2017 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical value of kissing suture technique by single-channel endoscope in defect closure after EFR. All the post-EFR defects were successfully closed (100%). No postoperative anastomotic leakage or other serious complications occurred. The mean maximum diameter of lesions was 3 cm (ranged 1-7 cm), and 13 (21%) of them were greater than or equal to 5 cm.The mean number of clips used was 25.7 (ranged 7-78). The mean procedure time was 168 min (ranged 44-300 min), and the mean suture time was 63 min (ranged 13-211 min). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (ranged 4-12 days). Endoscopic reexamination 3-6 months after operation showed that all wounds healed well. Kissing suture method by single-channel endoscope is a safe, effective, easy and feasible for closing gastrointestinal defect after EFR.

Objective:To study the correlation between liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) category with tumor differentiation, Ki67 index, microvascular infiltration, and predictive prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological data of 178 patients with HCC who were confirmed by histopathological studies after liver resection between January 2015 and September 2020 at Lishui Central Hospital and Lishui People’s Hospital. There were 156 males and 22 females, with age of (57±10) years old. These patients were assessed for LI-RADS categories according to the 2018 version of LI-RADS, and they were divided into 4 groups according to the assessment results: 12 patients with LI-RADS-3 (the LI-RADS-3 group); 26 patients with LI-RADS-4 (the LI-RADS-4 group); 102 patients with LI-RADS-5 (the LI-RADS-5 group); and 38 patients with LI-RADS-M (the LI-RADS-M group). The patients' general information, tumor markers, pathology and other clinical data were recorded. Correlation analysis between the LI-RADS category with pathology was performed by the Kendall's tau-b test. Survival analysis between groups was performed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Cox regression risk model was used to analyze the relationship between these variables with the risk of death.Results:The Kendall's tau-b test showed that LI-RADS category was positively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation ( t=0.204, P=0.002), but not with microvascular infiltration and Ki 67 index ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 4.2 to 84.2 months (median follow-up 36.3 months). By the end of follow-up, 31 patients had died and 147 patients were alive. The cumulative 1-year and 3-year survival rates of the LI-RADS-5 group were 97% and 90% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the LI-RADS-M group (81% and 63%), and the LI-RADS-4 group (96% and 81%), ( P<0.05). The cumulative 1-year and 3-year survival rates of patients in the LI-RADS-3 group were 100% and 67% respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference with the LI-RADS-5 group ( P>0.05). The Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor glycoantigen 199 (>50 μl/ml) to be an independent influencing factor in survival of HCC patients ( HR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.76, P=0.004). Conclusion:The LI-RADS category of HCC was positively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, and patients with HCC meeting the LI-RADS-5 criteria had relatively better prognosis.

Objective:To develop a robotic digestive endoscope system (RDES) and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and control performance by experiments.Methods:The RDES was designed based on the master-slave control system, which consisted of 3 parts: the integrated endoscope, including a knob and button robotic control system integrated with a gastroscope; the robotic mechanical arm system, including the base and arm, as well as the endoscopic advance-retreat control device (force-feedback function was designed) and the endoscopic axial rotation control device; the control console, including a master manipulator and an image monitor. The operator sit far away from the endoscope and controlled the master manipulator to bend the end of the endoscope and to control advance, retract and rotation of the endoscope. The air supply, water supply, suction, figure fixing and motion scaling switching was realized by pressing buttons on the master manipulator. In the endoscopy experiments performed on live pigs, 5 physicians each were in the beginner and advanced groups. Each operator operated RDES and traditional endoscope (2 weeks interval) to perform porcine gastroscopy 6 times, comparing the examination time. In the experiment of endoscopic circle drawing on the inner wall of the simulated stomach model, each operator in the two groups operated RDES 1∶1 motion scaling, 5∶1 motion scaling and ordinary endoscope to complete endoscopic circle drawing 6 times, comparing the completion time, accuracy (i.e. trajectory deviation) and workload.Results:RDES was operated normally with good force feedback function. All porcine in vivo gastroscopies were successful, without mucosal injury, bleeding or perforation. In beginner and advanced groups, the examination time of both RDES and ordinary endoscopy tended to decrease as the number of operations increased, but the decrease in time was greater for operating RDES than for operating ordinary endoscope (beginner group P=0.033; advanced group P=0.023). In the beginner group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 motion scaling or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had shorter completion time [1.68 (1.40, 2.17) min, 1.73 (1.47, 2.37) min VS 4.13 (2.27, 5.16) min, H=32.506, P<0.001], better trajectory deviation (0.50±0.11 mm, 0.46±0.11 mm VS 0.82±0.26 mm, F=38.999, P<0.001], and less workload [42.00 (30.00, 50.33) points, 43.33 (35.33, 54.00) points VS 52.67 (48.67, 63.33) points, H=20.056, P<0.001] than operating ordinary endoscope. In the advanced group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had longer completion time than operating ordinary endoscope [1.72 (1.37, 2.53) min, 1.57 (1.25, 2.58) min VS 1.15 (0.86, 1.58) min, H=13.233, P=0.001], but trajectory deviation [0.47 (0.13, 0.57) mm, 0.44 (0.39, 0.58) mm VS 0.52 (0.42, 0.59) mm, H=3.202, P=0.202] and workload (44.62±21.77 points, 41.24±12.57 points VS 44.71±17.92 points, F=0.369, P=0.693) were not different from those of the ordinary endoscope. Conclusion:The RDES enables remote control, greatly reducing the endoscopists' workload. Additionally, it gives full play to the cooperative motion function of the large and small endoscopic knobs, making the control more flexible. Finally, it increases motion scaling switching function to make the control of endoscope more flexible and more accurate. It is also easy for beginners to learn and master, and can shorten the training period. So it can provide the possibility of remote endoscopic control and fully automated robotic endoscope.