Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of transcatheter domestic occluder with those of surgical closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) , and to evaluate the feasibility of transcatheter ASD closure using domestic occluder. Methods From January 2002 to December 2007,69 patients underwent transcatheter ASD closure using domestic occluder, and 123 patients underwent surgical closure were observed. The technical success rate,residual shunt rate,total complication rate,operative time,blood transfusion volume,length of hospital stay and clinical long-term results were compared. Results The technical success rate was 98. 6% in domestic occluder group,and the one unsuccessful patients underwent surgical closure in the other day. Complication included cardiac tamponade in 1 patient (1. 4%) , residual shunt in 1 patient (1.4%). All patients in surgical group were treated successfully, residual shunt in 2 patient (1. 6%), total complications were progressive hemothorax in 1, cerebral embolism in 1,pulmonitis in 2 patient,pulmonary atelectasis in 1 patient,hydrothorax in 2,and incisional infection in 5, the total complication rate were 9.8% . Long-term follow up shows that both groups had good clinical results. Conclusions Transcatheter closure of ASD using domestic occluder is an ideal procedure owing to its reliability and safety, with less complication than and same long-term results with the surgical group. It is an alternative to surgery within acceptable limits.

BACKGROUND: As a candidate gene of congenital heart disease, ACTC1 gene is related to congenital atrial septal defect inhumans.OBJECTIVE: To perform a mutation screen of ACTC1 gene in 110 nuclear families of congenital heart disease.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted based on 110 nuclear families of congenital heart disease and 300 normalhuman beings with no reported cardiac malformation. Six fragments in the coding region of ACTC1 gene was amplified by PCR invitro using five primers pairs. PCR products were screened for gene mutations.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A novel G-to-A variant was found at the third nucleotide of the intron downstream from exon 5.This mutation existed in a 5-year-old female with an isolated ventricular septal defect and her 30-year-old father, who had noreported cardiac anomalies. This mutation was not detected in 300 normal controls. These findings indicate that the mutation maybe related with congenital ventricular septal defects in humans.

BACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated to be effective for the improvement of heart function after acute myocardial infarction with intravenous or intramyocardial administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels. However, little is known regarding the effect of the combination of intravenous and intramyocardial administration of mesenchymal stromal cels on the heart function of a chronic myocardial infarction model. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of intravenous and intramyocardial administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels on the heart function of a rat chronic myocardial infarction model and the relevant mechanism. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels isolated from Lewis rats were expandedex vivo. BrdU-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels (3×106) were administeredvia the femoral vein and the myocardial surface respectively into rat models of chronic myocardial infarction in cel transplantation group. The equal volume of PBS was injected into the same place in control group. Four weeks after injection, echocardiography was performed to evaluate the heart function, and then the heart tissues were harvested for immunohistochemistry examination. The total blood vessel density in the scar area was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after cel implantation, the left ventricular function was not improved in the two groups. The immunohistochemistry staining showed that (1) the mesenchymal stromal cels in the myocardium did not differentiate to myocardial cels; (2) there was no significant difference in the total blood vessel density in the scar area between the cel transplantation and control groups. Taken together, the combined intravenous and intramyocardial administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cels cannot improve heart function in a rat chronic myocardial infarction model.

Objective To evaluate the safety aod efficacy of device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) through parasternal approach,and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of three approaches.Methods Between Jan 2012 and Jul 2015,209 cases(Group A) underwent per-ventricular device closure of VSD through a left parasternal approach,and 36 cases(Group B) underwent per-atrial device closure of VSD through a fight parasternal approach,and 49 cases(Group C) underwent per-ventricular device closure of VSD through a median sternotomy approach.In group A,a 1.0 to 2.0 cm left parasternal iucision was made in the fourth or third intercostal space.Press the right ventricular(RV) free wall to select the puncture point.After securing double purse-string suture around the optimal puncture site,the occluder was introduced via a sheath inserted directly into the RV and navigation and positioning of the device guided by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE).In group B,a 1.0 to 2.0 cm right parasternal incision was made in the fourth or third intercostal space.After securing double purse-string suture at the right atrium near the atrioventricular groove,a specially designed hollow probe was inserted into the right atrium and was passed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.The tip of the probe was manipulated to aim at or cross VSD,and a spring guide-wire was inserted into the left veotricle(LV) through the channel of the probe under TEE guidance.Then the delivery sheath was positioned into LV passing over the wire,and the device was pushed into the sheath and was deployed to finish closure.In group C,after a 1.5 to 3.0 cm median sternal incision was made,the closure of VSD was finished as the same procedure as in group A.Results There was no significant differences at the age and weight between 3 groups,as well as the size of VSD and devices.But the position of VSD varied between 3 groups.The rate of successful closure in group A (98.1％,205/209) and B (97.2％,35/36) was similar to group C (97.9％,48/49).The mean intracardiac manipulating time was shorter in group A(10 ± 6) min and group C (7 ± 5) min than in group B(19 ± 11) min.The mean time of skin cut to suture was shorter in group A(40 ± 15) min and group B(43 ± 17) min than in group C(55 ±21) min.And the average hospitalization time in group A (5.9 ± 2.2) days and group B (5.5 ± 2.7) days was shorter than in group C (8.3 ± 3.6) days.During the follow-up period of 1 to 40 months,no obvious residual leakage,arrhythmia or valvular inadequacy were found in all cases,and no device dropped out.Conclusion Minimally invasive technique of device closure of VSD through parasternal approach appears to be safe and effective,further reducing trauma and recovering faster than median sternal approach.Accurate and all-round TEE evaluation is very important to case selection of VSD.Individually procedure approach should be performed according to the size,position,and path and flow direction of VSD.

Anxiety is a strong behavioral and psychological reaction with fear components, while depression is a mental disorder dominated by high or low mood, both of which are accompanied by cognitive and behavioral changes, and are common comorbidities in patients with heart disease. Cardiac surgery is one of the important factors which trigger specific emotional and physiological reactions of patients. Persistent or initial depression and anxiety after surgery will not only increase surgical complications, short- or long-term mortality and medical costs, but also seriously affect patients' social function and quality of life. With the transformation of bio-psycho-social medical model, it is necessary to evaluate the perioperative psychological state and biological risk of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This article reviews the characteristics, related mechanisms and therapeutic interventions of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Objective:To explore the changes of blood viscosity in high-intensity alternating magnetic field and the mechanisms.Methods:Five adult sheep were randomly selected and the blood samples were placed in highintensity alternating magnetic field.Before and after exposure,the blood samples were taken and divided into 2 groups:a control group and a magnetic field group.The blood rheology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed.Results:Compared to the control group,the high shear viscosity of whole blood was decreased in the magnetic field group (P＜0.05);the whole blood low shear viscosity and plasma viscosity were also decreased (both P＜0.01).TEM showed the changes in red blood cell morphology and the double concave disc curvature.The radian of double concave disc and cell volume in the magnetic field group was larger than those in the control group.Conclusion:The high intensity alternating magnetic field may affect the distribution of surface charge and molecular current in blood cells,which in turn decrease the aggregation of cells and the blood viscosity.

Total root replacement (TRR) with a valved conduit has long been the treatment standard for most aortic root diseases. However, with advances in technology and a deeper understanding of aortic root anatomy and hemodynamics, valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSRR) and personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) have emerged. It is especially important to choose the appropriate procedure for different aortic root diseases. When evaluating these three surgical procedures, it is necessary to focus on the treatment and prevention of the dissection and balance the short-term and long-term risks of the patients. This article outlines aortic-related diseases and the selection of surgery.

Objective To summarize the efficacy of different anticoagulation methods during perioperative period of non-cardiac surgery after cardiac valve replacement and to compare the postoperative bleeding-related complications and embolization-related complications. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 56 patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery after cardiac valve replacement in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 was conducted. There were 27 males and 29 females, aged 19-75 (53.56±13.94) years. According to different anticoagulation methods during perioperative period, the patients were divided into a bridging group (32 patients) and a non-bridging group (24 patients). The postoperative hospital stay, the number of patients needing postoperative blood transfusions, bleeding-related complications and embolization-related complications were compared between the two groups. According to the patient’s perioperative embolization risk, each group of patients were divided into a high-risk subgroup, middle-risk subgroup, and low-risk subgroup, and the bleeding-related complications and embolization-related complications in each subgroup were compared. Results The postoperative hospital stay in the bridging group was significantly longer than that in the non-bridging group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the number of patients needing postoperative blood transfusions, overall bleeding-related complications and embolization-related complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis was performed according to the degree of embolization risk in the perioperative period. The incidence of bleeding-related complications of the non-bridging group in the high-risk subgroup was significantly higher than that in the high-risk subgroup of the bridging group (P<0.05). The incidence of bleeding-related complications in the bridging group was similar to that of embolization-related complications, while the rate of bleeding-related complications in the non-bridging group was 7 times higher than that of embolization-related complications. Conclusion Bridging anticoagulation increases the length of postoperative hospital stay, but for patients with high risk factors for embolization, it is more beneficial than continuing oral warfarin during the perioperative period. The incidence of bleeding-related complications associated with continued warfarin therapy is significantly higher than that of embolization-related complications, and hemostatic drugs can be given necessarily.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a primary, chronic, non-specific, inflammatory disease of the aorta and its larger branches. The pulmonary artery trunk and its branches could be impacted by TA, which could cause stenosis or occlusion of lesion vessels. TA also affects the normal function of the aortic valve and other heart valves, mainly due to valvular insufficiency. Aortic regurgitation caused by TA is mainly treated by surgical operation. In this review, the examination technique, operation timing, operation method and prognosis of aortic valve involved in TA are discussed systematically.

Objective To compare right anterolateral minithoracotomy and traditional median sternotomy in the treatment of left atrial myxoma. Methods Forty-one patients with left atrial myxoma treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2018 were divided into two groups according to the operation method: a right anterolateral minithoracotomy group including 15 patients, with 7 males and 8 females, aged 45.1±15.4 years; a median sternotomy group including 26 patients, with 10 males and 16 females, aged 49.4±11.9 years. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in preoperative clinical data between the two groups. All patients completed the operation without perioperative death. There was no significant difference in the operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamp time or the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. However, compared with the median sternotomy group, the right anterolateral minithoracotomy group had shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and postoperative hospital stay, and less volume of drainage and blood transfusion 24 hours after surgery (all P<0.05). After 3–106 months follow-up, no recurrence was observed in both groups. Conclusion Compared with traditional median sternotomy for left atrial myxoma resection, right anterolateral minithoracotomy is safe, effective and less traumatic. It can be used as a routine treatment for left atrial myxoma.