Purpose To investigate the expression of SNRPA in gastric cancer and its effect on the proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.Methods The expression of SNRPA in gastric cancer tissues was ana-lyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The level of SNRPA was detected by immunohistochemistry(EnVision method),and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Western blot was used to detect the expression of SNRPA in 15 cases of fresh gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues.The expression of SNRPA in MGC-803 and GES-1 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The effects of SNRPA expression on the proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell lines were determined by RNA interference technology and cell function assays,and the expression levels of Cyclin D1 protein and EMT-related proteins(E-cadherin,N-cadher-in)were detected by Western blot.Results The expression level of SNRPA in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosal tissues(P＜0.05),with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.902 for diag-nostic accuracy.The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival time of the group with high expression of SNRPA was shorter.SNRPA expression correlated with tumor size,Ki67,infiltration depth,and p53 status(P＜0.05).Compared with the corresponding control group,SNRPA silencing inhibited the proliferation,migration and in-vasion ability of gastric cancer cells,accompanied by decreased Cyclin D1 and N-cadherin expression and increased E-cadherin expression(P＜0.05).Conclusion SNRPA expression is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines,promoting the proliferation,migration,and invasion of gastric cancer cells,and may be a potential molecular marker for gastric cancer.

The receptors of Newcastle disease virus(NDV)are sialic acid receptors that mainly in-clude neu5ac-α-2,3gal-β-1,4Glc(SAα2,3Gal)and neu5ac-2-s-α-2,6Gal10Me(SAα2,6Gal).The distribution and abundance of the two receptors in host cells have important effects on virus sus-ceptibility and intracellular proliferation.In order to further explore the effects of sialic acid recep-tors on susceptibility and proliferation characteristics of NDV different strains,the expression lev-els of SAα2,3Gal and SAα2,6Gal receptors on BHK-21 cell membrane were adjusted by overex-pression and RNAi assays,and the TCID50 values were determined after different BHK-21 cells were inoculated with NDV strains Ⅰ and LaSota.The results suggested that NDV strain LaSota preferentially binds to SAα2,6Gal and strain Ⅰ selectively binds to SAα2,3Gal receptor.Further-more,the viral titers of NDV strains LaSota and Ⅰ in cell culture were positively correlated with the expression levels of SAα2,6Gal and SAα2,3Gal receptors on host cell membrane respectively.In conclusion,our studies provide an understanding of the relationship between infectivity of NDV different strains and receptor types of host cell,and provide a method to increase viral titer of NDV for cell-based vaccine production.

The co-occurrence of epilepsy and arrhythmia is an increasingly concerned research area, but the underlying biological mechanism is still not fully understood. In recent years, many studies have focused on how mutations in ion channel genes affect the electrophysiological properties of neurons and heart muscle cells, revealing a possible intersection between epilepsy and arrhythmia. Mutations in ion channel genes (such as SCN1A, KCNQ2, and RYR2) may simultaneously affect the electrophysiological properties of neurons and cardiomyocytes, leading to the comorbidity of epilepsy and arrhythmia. During epileptic seizures, activation of the autonomic nervous system may cause abnormal cardiac electrical activity, increasing risks of arrhythmia and sudden death resulting from epilepsy. In addition, the potential effects of antiepileptic drugs on cardiac ion channels can further increase the arrhythmia risk. This article reviews the research progress on the electrophysiological characteristics of ion channels in neurons and cardiomyocytes, the relations of ion channel gene mutations with epilepsy, arrhythmia, and their comorbidity, with the aim of providing new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between chromatin remodeling-related genes(CRRGs)and overall survival(OS)of patients with skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM),and to construct a risk score prognostic prediction mod-el.Methods Based on the TCGA and GTEx databases,the differentially expressed CRRGs in SKCM were obtained,and the progno-sis-related genes of SKCM were further screened by protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis,univariate Cox regression anal-ysis,and LASSO regression analysis.A risk score prognostic model was constructed based on the prognosis-related genes.According to the median of the risk score,SKCM patients were divided into the high-risk and low-risk groups.The single sample gene set enrich-ment analysis(ssGSEA)algorithm was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration of SKCM patients between the high-and low-risk groups.Results A total of 15 hub genes were screened out through the PPI network analysis.Univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis screened out 5 CRRGs associated with OS in SKCM patients,namely MMP2,MMP9,SPP1,TNFSF11,and TIMP1.A risk score was constructed based on the 5 prognostic genes,and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for SKCM patients(P<0.05).Survival analysis showed that SKCM patients in the high-risk group was shorter than that in the low-risk group(P<0.05).The results of immune cell infiltration analysis showed that there were significant differences in the infiltration ratios of 16 immune cells between the high-and low-risk groups,among which the pro-portions of activated B cells,immature B cells,effector and memory CD8+T cells and activated CD8+T cells in the high-risk group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The proportion of CD56bright natural killer cells,CD56dim natural killer cells,γδT cells and immature dendritic cells in the high-risk group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The drug sensitivity analysis showed that there were significant differences in the sensitivity of high-risk and low-risk SKCM patients to crizotinib,erlotinib,gefitinib and vinorelbine(P<0.01).Conclusions This study constructed a prognosis model of SKCM composed of 5 CRRGs,further revealed the differences in the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity in patients with different risk groups of SKCM,and provided an important refer-ence for personalized treatment of SKCM patients.

Purpose To investigate the expression of SNRPA in gastric cancer and its effect on the proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.Methods The expression of SNRPA in gastric cancer tissues was ana-lyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.The level of SNRPA was detected by immunohistochemistry(EnVision method),and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Western blot was used to detect the expression of SNRPA in 15 cases of fresh gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues.The expression of SNRPA in MGC-803 and GES-1 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The effects of SNRPA expression on the proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell lines were determined by RNA interference technology and cell function assays,and the expression levels of Cyclin D1 protein and EMT-related proteins(E-cadherin,N-cadher-in)were detected by Western blot.Results The expression level of SNRPA in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosal tissues(P＜0.05),with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.902 for diag-nostic accuracy.The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival time of the group with high expression of SNRPA was shorter.SNRPA expression correlated with tumor size,Ki67,infiltration depth,and p53 status(P＜0.05).Compared with the corresponding control group,SNRPA silencing inhibited the proliferation,migration and in-vasion ability of gastric cancer cells,accompanied by decreased Cyclin D1 and N-cadherin expression and increased E-cadherin expression(P＜0.05).Conclusion SNRPA expression is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines,promoting the proliferation,migration,and invasion of gastric cancer cells,and may be a potential molecular marker for gastric cancer.

Objective To analyze the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine in treating breast cancer based on real-world data mining.Methods Inpatients with breast cancer who received traditional Chinese medicine treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected.Python 3.10 software was used to mine traditional Chinese medicine prescription data;SPSS 23.0 software was applied for descriptive analysis,and systematic cluster analysis was performed on high-frequency drugs.Results A total of 3026 consultation records of inpatients with breast cancer were collected.The main traditional Chinese medicine syndrome diagnosis of"predominantly liver depression and Qi stagnation"accounted for 60.94％of the total consultations.A total of 240 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were used,with a cumulative frequency of 35 462 times.Among them,29 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine such as Danggui,Fuling,Baizhu,Chaihu had a cumulative usage frequency exceeding 300 times.Regarding the four natures of drugs,cold-natured(43.55％),warm-natured(30.05％),and neutral-natured(23.34％)drugs were predominant;In terms of five flavors,sweet(46.12％),bitter(30.91％),and pungent(20.02％)were the main ones.The most frequently used drugs were tonifying herbs(32.77％),followed by heat-clearing herbs(15.96％)and phlegm-resolving herbs(14.71％).Systematic cluster analysis yielded 7 groups of drug combinations.Conclusion In real-world clinical practice,traditional Chinese medicine for breast cancer mainly uses tonifying herbs,reflecting the traditional Chinese medicine principle of"strengthening healthy Qi and cultivating the root"in treating tumors.The four natures and five flavors of drugs follow syndrome differentiation and the combination of cold and heat.The clustered drug combinations have extensive therapeutic effects,covering various syndromes of breast cancer at different stages,which can provide a reference for clinical medication.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between chromatin remodeling-related genes(CRRGs)and overall survival(OS)of patients with skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM),and to construct a risk score prognostic prediction mod-el.Methods Based on the TCGA and GTEx databases,the differentially expressed CRRGs in SKCM were obtained,and the progno-sis-related genes of SKCM were further screened by protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis,univariate Cox regression anal-ysis,and LASSO regression analysis.A risk score prognostic model was constructed based on the prognosis-related genes.According to the median of the risk score,SKCM patients were divided into the high-risk and low-risk groups.The single sample gene set enrich-ment analysis(ssGSEA)algorithm was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration of SKCM patients between the high-and low-risk groups.Results A total of 15 hub genes were screened out through the PPI network analysis.Univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis screened out 5 CRRGs associated with OS in SKCM patients,namely MMP2,MMP9,SPP1,TNFSF11,and TIMP1.A risk score was constructed based on the 5 prognostic genes,and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for SKCM patients(P<0.05).Survival analysis showed that SKCM patients in the high-risk group was shorter than that in the low-risk group(P<0.05).The results of immune cell infiltration analysis showed that there were significant differences in the infiltration ratios of 16 immune cells between the high-and low-risk groups,among which the pro-portions of activated B cells,immature B cells,effector and memory CD8+T cells and activated CD8+T cells in the high-risk group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The proportion of CD56bright natural killer cells,CD56dim natural killer cells,γδT cells and immature dendritic cells in the high-risk group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The drug sensitivity analysis showed that there were significant differences in the sensitivity of high-risk and low-risk SKCM patients to crizotinib,erlotinib,gefitinib and vinorelbine(P<0.01).Conclusions This study constructed a prognosis model of SKCM composed of 5 CRRGs,further revealed the differences in the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity in patients with different risk groups of SKCM,and provided an important refer-ence for personalized treatment of SKCM patients.

The receptors of Newcastle disease virus(NDV)are sialic acid receptors that mainly in-clude neu5ac-α-2,3gal-β-1,4Glc(SAα2,3Gal)and neu5ac-2-s-α-2,6Gal10Me(SAα2,6Gal).The distribution and abundance of the two receptors in host cells have important effects on virus sus-ceptibility and intracellular proliferation.In order to further explore the effects of sialic acid recep-tors on susceptibility and proliferation characteristics of NDV different strains,the expression lev-els of SAα2,3Gal and SAα2,6Gal receptors on BHK-21 cell membrane were adjusted by overex-pression and RNAi assays,and the TCID50 values were determined after different BHK-21 cells were inoculated with NDV strains Ⅰ and LaSota.The results suggested that NDV strain LaSota preferentially binds to SAα2,6Gal and strain Ⅰ selectively binds to SAα2,3Gal receptor.Further-more,the viral titers of NDV strains LaSota and Ⅰ in cell culture were positively correlated with the expression levels of SAα2,6Gal and SAα2,3Gal receptors on host cell membrane respectively.In conclusion,our studies provide an understanding of the relationship between infectivity of NDV different strains and receptor types of host cell,and provide a method to increase viral titer of NDV for cell-based vaccine production.

Objective To analyze the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine in treating breast cancer based on real-world data mining.Methods Inpatients with breast cancer who received traditional Chinese medicine treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected.Python 3.10 software was used to mine traditional Chinese medicine prescription data;SPSS 23.0 software was applied for descriptive analysis,and systematic cluster analysis was performed on high-frequency drugs.Results A total of 3026 consultation records of inpatients with breast cancer were collected.The main traditional Chinese medicine syndrome diagnosis of"predominantly liver depression and Qi stagnation"accounted for 60.94％of the total consultations.A total of 240 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were used,with a cumulative frequency of 35 462 times.Among them,29 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine such as Danggui,Fuling,Baizhu,Chaihu had a cumulative usage frequency exceeding 300 times.Regarding the four natures of drugs,cold-natured(43.55％),warm-natured(30.05％),and neutral-natured(23.34％)drugs were predominant;In terms of five flavors,sweet(46.12％),bitter(30.91％),and pungent(20.02％)were the main ones.The most frequently used drugs were tonifying herbs(32.77％),followed by heat-clearing herbs(15.96％)and phlegm-resolving herbs(14.71％).Systematic cluster analysis yielded 7 groups of drug combinations.Conclusion In real-world clinical practice,traditional Chinese medicine for breast cancer mainly uses tonifying herbs,reflecting the traditional Chinese medicine principle of"strengthening healthy Qi and cultivating the root"in treating tumors.The four natures and five flavors of drugs follow syndrome differentiation and the combination of cold and heat.The clustered drug combinations have extensive therapeutic effects,covering various syndromes of breast cancer at different stages,which can provide a reference for clinical medication.

The co-occurrence of epilepsy and arrhythmia is an increasingly concerned research area, but the underlying biological mechanism is still not fully understood. In recent years, many studies have focused on how mutations in ion channel genes affect the electrophysiological properties of neurons and heart muscle cells, revealing a possible intersection between epilepsy and arrhythmia. Mutations in ion channel genes (such as SCN1A, KCNQ2, and RYR2) may simultaneously affect the electrophysiological properties of neurons and cardiomyocytes, leading to the comorbidity of epilepsy and arrhythmia. During epileptic seizures, activation of the autonomic nervous system may cause abnormal cardiac electrical activity, increasing risks of arrhythmia and sudden death resulting from epilepsy. In addition, the potential effects of antiepileptic drugs on cardiac ion channels can further increase the arrhythmia risk. This article reviews the research progress on the electrophysiological characteristics of ion channels in neurons and cardiomyocytes, the relations of ion channel gene mutations with epilepsy, arrhythmia, and their comorbidity, with the aim of providing new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.