Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of B-mode ultrasonography in detecting middle hepatic vein(MHV)in chronic liver disease patients.Methods 80 chronic liver disease patients were divided into 2 groups(chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis).Liver biopsies and the inner diameter(ID)of MHV was detected with B-mode ultrasonography.The ID of MHV was compared in the chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis groups,different liver fibrosis stages and compensation/non-compensation liver cirrhosis.The ability of ID of MHV in auxiliary diagnosis liver cirrhosis was analyzed with the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The size of ID of MHV in liver cirrhosis(3.82±1.84)mm was smaller than that of chronic hepatitis(6.15±1.67)mm(P＜0.01).The size of ID of MHV in non-compensation liver cirrhosis(2.98±1.15)mm was smaller than that of compensation liver cirrhosis(4.42±2 20)mm(P＜0.05).There was midrange negative correlation with liver fibrosis stages and the ID of MHV(rs=-0.465,P＜0.01).The cutoff point of ID of MHV diagnosis liver cirrhosis was 4.7mm.The area under ROC(AUC)achieved 0.813(P＜0.01).The sensitivity(Se),specificity,(Sp),positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value(NPV)and Youden index were 67.5%,90.0%,88.0%,73.5% and 57.5%,respectively.Conclusion There is well clinical value with B-mode ultrasonography detecting ID of MHV for the auxiliary diagnosis of chronic liver disease.

The correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10569304 on the second expressed region of hole gene and congenital heart disease (CHD) of human being, and the effect of hole gene on CHD were investigated. 179 patients with CHD as CHD group and 183 healthy people as control group were selected in the case-control study. DNA was abstracted from the peripheral blood by phenol-chloroform method. Primer was designed for the flanking sequence of SNP rs10569304 on the second expressed region of hole gene. The genotype was identified by PCR degenerative acrylamide electrophoresis with amplification products. Then the three amplification products received sequencing. By chi-square test, the genotype frequency and allele frequency in CHD group and control group were analyzed. There was insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 which corresponded to alleles of A and B in Southern Chinese people. The genotype frequency and allele frequency in control group and CHD group were met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. By chi-square test, in control group and CHD group, the genotype frequency of AA (insertion homozygous), AB (insertion-deletion heterozygous) and BB (deletion homozygous) was 21.31%, 54.09%, 24.59% and 16.75%, 46.36%, 36.87%, respectively. The distributional difference of genotype frequency had statistical significance (chi (2)=6.51, P<0.05); The allele frequency of A and B was 48.36% and 51.64% in control group, 39.94% and 60.06% in CHD group, respectively. The distributional difference of allele frequency had statistical significance (chi (2)=5.20, P<0.05). Meanwhile, by contrast with the control group, the BB genotype frequency and B allele frequency in CHD group was higher, but the AA and AB frequency was lower. There was higher risk to suffer from CHD involving B allele. BB genotype had 1.907-fold increased risk of developing CHD according to AA genotype (P<0.05). It is concluded that there is insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 in the Southern Chinese people, and the people whose hole gene involving BB genotype have higher risk to suffering from CHD.

Objective: To explore the clinical applications of second generation colon capsule endoscopy (CCE-2). Methods: From July 2017 to December 2018, at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 40 outpatients and hospitalized patients who underwent CCE-2 examination were enrolled. The examination results were analyzed by an expert gastroenterologist with rich experience in small intestinal and colon capsule endoscopy. The stomach, small bowel and colon transit time, the score of colon cleansing quality, the completion rate of colon capsule examination, lesion detection and adverse effects were observed. Chi-square test and Student′t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The whole gastrointestinal tract examination was completed during the capsule running time in 65.0% (26/40) of the patients. The average stomach transit time was (0.92±0.74) h, the small bowel transit time was (3.93±1.51) h and the colon transit time was (4.89±0.61) h. The capsule running time of patients who completed the whole gastrointestinal tract examination was shorter than that of patients who did not complete the whole gastrointestinal tract examination ((9.44 ± 3.53) h vs. (15.47±2.09) h), and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.79, P<0.01). The qualified rate of colon preparation was 67.5% (27/40). There were no statistically significant differences in colon transit time or capsule excretion time between patients with qualified colon preparation and poor colon preparation ((4.43±3.33) h vs. (5.96 ± 2.44) h; and (9.06 ± 3.91) h vs. (10.29±2.47) h; t=1.17 and 0.81, both P>0.05). A total of 33 (82.5%) patients had gastrointestinal lesions detected by colon capsule, including three cases of esophageal lesions (inflammation and mass), 21 cases of gastric lesions (chronic gastritis, mucosal protrusion, polyp and ulcer), nine cases of small bowel lesions (polyp, ulcer and vascular malformation) and 19 cases of colonic lesions (diverticulum, polyp, rectitis, mucosal erosion, ulcer and vascular malformation, internal hemorrhoids). Among them, there were 11 patients with two or more lesions. No adverse events occurred during the examination and all the capsules were excreted within 48 hours. Conclusion CCE-2 with high safety and good tolerance can be used for whole gastrointestinal tract examination.

AIM: To study the characterization of thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and its active fragment TSHR aa352-366 as immunogens in BALB/c mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were injected peritoneally with TSHR aa352-366-KLH (hemocyanin from keyhole limpets) and the mixture of TSHR aa352-366-KLH and guinea pig TSHR every 15 days, respectively. The levels of thyroid hormones and TSHR antibodies and TSHR mRNA were measured, and the pathological changes of thyroid tissue were observed. RESULTS: In the group injected with TSHR aa352-366-KLH, the serum levels of TT_3 and TT_4 decreased (P

Objective To understand the risk factors of measles among babies under 8-months-old and people ≥15 years old,in Gansu province. Methods Laboratory-confirmed measles cases were divided into two groups among children below 8-months-old and those≥15 year olds. Descriptive epidemiology and 1∶3 case control study were conducted to find out those related risk factors as:hospital exposure,contact with measles cases,vaccination,history of measles etc. so as to determine the risk factors and appropriate control measures. Results Histories of hospital exposure,contact with measles cases and travelling to other cities were risk factors for measles among babies younger than 8-months and people≥15 year olds. Vaccination appeared a protective factor for people ≥15 years of age. From 42 cases and 126 controls,through multivariate analysis,results showed that hospital exposure was the only significant factor(OR=29.23,95%CI:2.82-302.89)for those babies younger than 8-months. Factors as hospital exposure and travelling among cities for 7-21 days before being infected,were with significant importance(OR=5.15,95%CI:2.28-11.63;OR=5.48,95%CI:1.38-21.69)for people ≥15 years of age,according to the observation from 74 cases and 222 controls. Conclusion In order to reduce the incidence of measles among babies under 8-month-old and people ≥15 years old, efforts on control of nosocomial infection should be strengthened,while the routine immunization coverage need to be increased for the children at higher risks,to reduce the source of infection.

Objective:To explore the effect of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) regulated by miR-320a on a cell model of Alzheimer′s disease.Methods:A rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) was induced into neurons using nerve growth factor (NGF). The morphology of the PC12 cells and the neurons was observed, and ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase L1 (Uch-L1) and neurofilament protein (NFP) were detected. Levels of microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and AQP4 target genes were related to the mRNA expression of NFP to determine the neuron-inducing effect. The neurons were then randomly divided into a control group (given no treatment), an miR-320a mimic transfection group (cultured by adding 50nmol/L miR-320a as a mimic agent), an miR-320a inhibitor group (cultured by adding 50nmol/L miR-320a as an inhibitor), an Aβ treatment group (cultured by adding Aβ), an Aβ+ miR-320a mimic group (cultured by adding both 50nmol/L miR-320a and Aβ), and an Aβ+ miR-320a inhibitor group (also cultured by adding Aβ, but with 50nmol/L miR-320a as an inhibitor). Cell activity was measured by the CCK8 method. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to detect the relative expression of the target gene miR-320a, AQP4, B-cell bcl2-associated X (Bax), and B-cell bcl-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA. Western blotting was employed to detect the relative expression of AQP4, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins.Results:After PC12 was induced by 50μg/L NGF, the expression of Uch-L1 genes in the induced neuron was significantly down-regulated compared with the PC12. The expressions of NFP, MAP2 and AQP4 genes were significantly up-regulated, and the relative expressions of MAP2 and AQP4 proteins increased significantly. Compared with the control group, the apoptosis and cell activity of neurons in the treatment group increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of miR-320a, AQP4, bcl-2, AQP4 and Bcl-2 decreased significantly, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax increased significantly. Compared with the Aβ-treated group, the cell activity of the Aβ+ Mir-320a mimic group increased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of miR-320a, AQP4 and Bcl-2 increased significantly, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax decreased significantly. Compared with the Aβ+ miR-320a mimic group, the cell activity of the Aβ+ miR-320a inhibitor group decreased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of miR-320a, AQP4 and Bcl-2 decreased significantly, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax increased significantly.Conclusion:miR-320a can up-regulate AQP4 expression in a cell model of Alzheimer′s disease, reduce apoptosis and increase the cell survival rate.

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of serum dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine,homovanillic acid and cognitive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 118 Parkinson's disease patients admitted to Bazhong Central Hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were selected as the disease group,and 106 healthy patients who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of serum do-pamine,5-hydroxytryptamine and homovanillic acid were measured in all subjects,and the cognitive function was evaluated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).Parkinson's disease patients were divided into cognitive impairment group and non cognitive impairment group according to MoCA score.The serum do-pamine,5-hydroxytryptamine,homovanillic acid levels of the cognitive impairment group and the non cogni-tive impairment group were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation be-tween serum dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine and homovanillic acid levels and cognitive function of Parkinson's disease patients,and the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to analyze the evaluation value of serum dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine and homovanillic acid levels on cognitive dysfunction of Parkinson's disease patients.Results The levels of serum dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine,homovanillic acid and MoCA score in the disease group were lower than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The levels of serum dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine,homovanillic acid and MoCA score in advanced patients were lower than those in early patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The levels of serum dopamine,serotonin and homovanillic acid in the cognitive dysfunction group were lower than those in the non-cognitive dysfunction group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The results of Pearson analysis showed that the levels of serum dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine and homovanillic acid in Parkinson's disease patients were positively correlated with MoCA score(P＜0.05).The sensitivity of the combined assessment of serum dopamine,serotonin and homovanillic acid in Parkinson's disease patients was higher than that in Parkinson's disease patients alone(x2=7.413,P=0.006;x2=9.714,P=0.002;x2=8.541,P=0.003),the area under the curve(AUC)was higher than the AUC for assessing cognitive impair-ment in Parkinson's disease alone(Z=2.479,P=0.013;Z=2.271,P=0.023;Z=2.451,P=0.014).Conclusion There are differences in serum levels of dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine,homovanillic acid and cognitive function among different stages of Parkinson's disease patients.Serum levels of dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine,and homovanillic acid are closely related to cognitive function in Parkinson's disease pa-tients,all of which have evaluation value for the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease pa-tients.However,the combination of the three serum indicators is more helpful for clinical evaluation and diag-nosis.

The correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs 10569304 on the second ex-pressed region of hole gene and congenital heart disease (CHD) of human being, and the effect of hole gene on CHD were investigated. 179 patients with CHD as CHD group and 183 healthy people as control group were selected in the case-control study. DNA was abstracted from the peripheral blood by phenol-chloroform method. Primer was designed for the flanking sequence of SNP rs10569304 on the second expressed region of hole gene. The genotype was identified by PCR de-generative acrylamide electrophoresis with amplification products. Then the three amplification products received sequencing. By chi-square test, the genotype frequency and allele frequency in CHD group and control group were analyzed. There was insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 which corresponded to alleles of A and B in Southern Chinese people. The genotype fre-quency and allele frequency in control group and CHD group were met the Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium. By chi-square test, in control group and CHD group, the genotype frequency of AA (insertion homozygous), AB (insertion-deletion heterozygous) and BB (deletion homozygous) was 21.31%, 54.09%, 24.59% and 16.75%, 46.36%, 36.87%, respectively. The distributional difference of geno-type frequency bad statistical significance (χ2=6.51, P<0.05);The allele frequency of A and B was 48.36% and 51.64% in control group, 39.94% and 60.06% in CHD group, respectively. The distribu-tional difference of allele frequency had statistical significance (χ2=5.20, P<0.05). Meanwhile, by contrast with the control group, the BB genotype frequency and B allele frequency in CHD group was higher, but the AA and AB frequency was lower. There was higher risk to suffer from CHD in-volving B allele. BB genotype had 1.907-fold increased risk of developing CHD according to AA genotype (P<0.05). It is concluded that there is insertion-deletion (GCC/-) of SNP rs10569304 in the Southern Chinese people, and the people whose hole gene involving BB genotype have higher risk to suffering from CHD.

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of event-related potential P300 in the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.Methods:Sixty patients with chronic insomnia complicated with anxiety and depression treated in Wuhan First Hospital from October 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 60 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group in the same period.Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression status of patients.Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) were used to evaluate the cognitive function of the subjects.All subjects were tested for P300 event-related potential, and the latency and amplitude of P300 event-related potential were recorded.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between cognitive function and P300 event-related potential. Results:The scores of HAMA ((16.65±5.10), (9.30±4.42)) and HAMD ((18.07±3.97), (8.48±3.21)) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( t=8.438, 14.545, both P<0.05), and the MoCA score (22.35±4.25) was lower than that(25.65±2.29) in the control group ( t=-5.291, P<0.05). In the eight dimensions of MoCA, the scores of visual space and executive ability ((3.38±1.46), (4.63±0.69)), naming ((2.37±0.78), (2.65±0.48)), language ((2.17±0.96), (2.53±0.81)) and delayed recall ((2.58±1.45), (4.17±0.85))in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=-5.991, -2.394, -2.259, -7.292, all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the latencies of P300 (N1, N2, P3) in the observation group were significantly prolonged ( t=3.281, 4.342, 4.492, all P<0.01). The latencies of P300 (N1, N2, P3) were positively correlated with HAMD score ( r=0.242, 0.301, 0.311, all P<0.05). The latencies of P300 (N2, P3) were positively correlated with HAMA score ( r=0.205, 0.207, both P<0.05). The latencies of P300 (N2, P3) were negatively correlated with the delayed recall score of MoCA ( r=-0.197, -0.236, both P<0.05). Conclusion:There are different degrees of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.P300 in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression shows prolonged latency.P300 latency is related to depression, anxiety and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.Event-related potential P300 may be used as a neurophysiological objective evaluation tool for cognitive impairment in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical features and diagnosis and treatment methods of patients with restless leg syndrome (RLS) mainly characterized by abdominal symptoms, and provide the basis for improving the correct diagnosis and treatment rate of RLS. MethodsThree patients, admitted to and completed routine laboratory examination (blood analysis, blood biochemistry, serum iron, serum ferritin, etc.), imaging, electroencephalogram, and electromyography in our hospital from August 2018 to April 2019, were chosen in our study. Polysomnography monitor was used to record the patient's sleep process for 12 h. Sleep and psychological status were evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), RLS Self-rating Depression Scale (IRLS), Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS), RLS-quality of life (RLS-QoL), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).Results General examination, physical examination of nervous system, imaging, electroencephalogram, electromyography and routine biochemical examination showed no obvious abnormalities in the three patients. Serum iron decreased in two patients. Polysomnography results indicated that the sleep efficiency of the three patients was obviously decreased, the sleep latency was prolonged, the time of awakening during sleep and the times of awakenings were increased; and the sleep structure was disordered; rapid eye movement sleep was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, all three patients had moderate and severe PLM events. Excessive sleepiness in the daytime was noted; the quality of life was affected about one month, and the severity was severe; all three patients had severe anxiety without evident depression. The condition of three patients with pramipexole hydrochloric acid after treatment were significantly improved.Conclusion s RLS subtype with abdominal symptoms as chief complaint is relatively rare in clinical practice. If patients have abdominal pain and discomfort during sleep at night and can exclude organic diseases of the digestive system, the possibility of RLS should be considered. A good therapeutic effect can be obtained by using dopa receptor agonist such as pramipexole.