Objective To investigate the application value of combined detection of enterovirus 71 type(EV71) nucleic acid and antibody in diagnosis of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD).Methods From Jan.to Nov.2015,a total of 180 children with suspected HFMD were divided into nucleic acid detection group,antibody detection group and combined detection group,with 36 subjects for each group.Viral nucleic acid was detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Antibody was detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.All detected results were analyzed.Results The positive rate of nucleic acid detection group was the highest(80.55%),while that of antibody detection group was the lowest(47.22%).Among various symptoms,the positive rates of nucleic acid,antibody and combined detection in subjects with skin rash were the highest.Conclusion Combined detection of EV71 nucleic acid and antibody could avoid the false positive result of nucleic acid detection and false negative result of antibody detection,thus could be helpful for increasing diagnostic accuracy rate of HFMD.

The content of endogenous anabolic steroids is extremely low in biological matrices.Its chemical structure contains polar functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, which limits their applicability in GC-MS.The lack of ionized groups in the chemical structure leads to poor sensitivity in LC-MS, which plays a significant role in various physiological activities analysis.It is an effective way to enhance the response of mass spectrometer by modifying the chemical structure of endogenous anabolic steroids through derivatization technology.This review summarizes various derivatization reagents and corresponding derivatization processes of endogenous anabolic steroids analysis in the methods based on different testing instruments and methodologies.The advantage and disadvantage of all kinds of derivatiaztion methods and the prospect of the endogenous anabolic steroids derivatiaztion techniques are also discussed.

To investigate chemical constituents from Radix Pittospori, chloroform extract of the roots was subjected to column chromatography with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical property and spectral analysis. Two triterpenoids were identified as 22-acetyl-21-(2-acetoxy-2-methylbutanoyl)-R1-barrigenol(1) and 3alpha-hydroxyl-20-demethylisoaleuritolic-14(15)-ene-28, 30-dioic acid (2). Compound 1 is a new triterpene and compound 2 is isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of the content of radiosensitizer YABQ and its related substances.Methods Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1%formic acid (22∶78) and isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 266 nm,the temperature of the column was 30℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl.Results The linear range of YABQ was 7-84 μg/ml, r=0.9992.The detection limit was 8 ng (S/N≥3), and the quantitation limit was 24 ng (S/N≥10). According to destructive sample processing, the separation coefficient between the peaks was above 1.5, indicating that this chromatographic method could meet the YABQ monitoring requirements.Conclusion Method validation and destructive testing show that both the precision and specificity are fine with this method, which could be used for quality control of YABQ and its related substances.

Objective To establish an high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of 2-indole ketone derivative and its related substances. Methods Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column was adopted.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL?min-1; the column temperature was 35 ℃;the injection volume was 20 μL and the detection wavelength was set at 257 nm. Results 2-indole ketone derivative ID and related substances could be well separated. The 2-indole ketone derivative had good linear correlation ( r=0.999 4) within the range of 40-300 μg?mL-1 . It had a good precision ( RSD<1%) . The limit of detection was 8 ng. Conclusion The method is accurate,simple,sensitive and selective,which can be used for the quality control of 2-indole ketone derivative and related substances.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of 3-amide-indole derivative and its related substances. Methods Diamonsil C18(250 mmí4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was adopted. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-water(431245) at the flow rate of 1. 0 mL·min-1 . The wavelength for ultraviolet detection was 224 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL and the column temperature was room temperature. Results 3-amide-indole derivative and related substances could be well separated. The linearity of the 3-amide-indole derivative curve was well correlated (r=0. 999 7) within the range of 0. 04-0. 16 mg·mL-1. The RSD was 0. 52%with good repeatability. The detection limit was 2. 65 ng. Conclusion The method is accurate,reliable,sensitive and specific,which could be used for the determination of 3-amide-indolederivative and related substances.

[Summary] Eighteen patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism( IHH) receiving aromatase-inhibitor( AI) letrozole for at least 3 months were recruited.After 3 months′treatment, LH levels were increased from (2.1 ±1.5) IU/L to (3.6 ±3.7) IU/L(P=0.029), and FSH levels from (2.6 ±1.8) IU/L to (4.3 ±3.4) IU/L (P=0.003).Total testosterol was increased from (87 ±42) ng/dl to (166 ±200) ng/dl(P=0.082), and estradiol wasdecreasedfrom(22.7±18.7) pg/ml to (13.4±10.6) pg/ml(P=0.020).The average testis volume was increased[(14.3 ±3.9 vs 11.2 ±4.9) ml, P<0.01].Sperms were detected in 8 out of 9 patients who did seminal fluid test.The result of general linear model showed that LH(60 min) was significantly related with total testosterol increment( P=0.045) .

Objective To establish a headspace gas chromatography method for determination of nine residual solvents in grape seed extract. Methods The residual solvents in grape seed extract were separated on DB-WAX column (30 m× 0.45 mm, 0.85 μm) with an FID detector; the injector temperature and the detector temperature was set at 220 ℃ and 250 ℃ , respectively; the chapiter pressure was 27.58 kPa; the containers of headspace injector were in equilibrium for 30 min at 80 ℃ ;the N, N-dimethylformamide was used as the solvent. Results The detected solvents were well separated. Good linear relationship of the benzene and ethanol was obtained within the range of 0.04-0.3,100-750 μg?mL-1 , respectively. Good linear relationships of the hexane, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, toluene and 1,2-diethyl benzene solvents were obtained within the range of 0.4-3.0 μg?mL-1 (r≥0.995 8), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) of the nine solvents were 96.35%,97.08%,97.31%,89.93%,92.35%,90.65%,88.56%,93.84%,86.51% and the RSDs were 4.38%,2.16%,3.49%, 4.19%,4.80%,4. 83%,4. 70%,5. 00%,4. 39%, respectively. Conclusion The established method is simple, rapid and accurate, which can be used for the determination of residual solvents in grape seed extract and can simultaneously provide scientific basic for quality control.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of OCT4 protein in bladder cancer and its correlation to the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of bladder cancer.

METHODSOCT4 mRNA and protein expression was detected in 5 bladder cancer cell lines (RT-4, Tcc-Sup, KK47, T24, and 5637) and 1 normal bladder cell lines by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of OCT4 protein in 46 bladder cancer samples.

RESULTSAll the 5 bladder cancer cell lines expressed detectable levels of OCT4 mRNA and proteins, whereas the normal bladder cell line SV-HUC-1 was negative for OCT4 expression. The clinical bladder cancer tissues showed a high positivity rate of OCT4 expression (76.1%), which was not detected in normal bladder tissues. Specific OCT-4 signals were localized mainly in the nuclei of the cancer cells. The expression rate of OCT4 protein was significantly higher in bladder cancer tissue than in normal bladder epithelium (P<0.05), and showed a positive correlation to the grade of tumor differentiation and metastasis (P<0.05) but not to the patients' age, gender or TNM stage.

CONCLUSIONOCT4 protein expression is associated with tumor differentiation and metastasis in bladder cancer and may play an important role in the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of bladder cancer.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate the characteristic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in exhaled breath and their diagnostic value in mice with early stage radiation injury.Methods The thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC/MS)technique was used to analyze VOCs in exhaled breath of irradiated mice by 60Coγ-ray with 800 cGy.The characteristic VOCs in the early stage of radiation injury were identified,and a diagnostic model was established.Results The 30-day survival rate of mice was 4.2%.There were significant differences in characteristic VOCs at 7 hours after radiation injury,and thirty characteristic VOCs related to early-stage radiation injury were identified.The diagnostic value of differential metabolites in mice after irradiation was evaluated via the ROC curve,and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of a single compound exceeded 0.8.The diagnostic model was constructed by screening 9 potential biomarkers of exhalation through Fisher discriminant analysis,and its sensitivity and specificity were close to 100%.Conclusion Analysis of VOCs in exhaled breath is expected to provide a non-invasive diagnostic method for early screening and diagnosis of radiation injury.