AIM: To investigate the roles of angiotensin Ⅱ and NADPH oxidase in the development of renal oxidative stress (OS) in a rat model of hyperoxaluria. METHODS:Animal model of hyperoxaluria was established in a-dult male Sprague - Dawley rats by administration of 0.8% ethylene glycol (EC) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Simultaneous treatment with apocynin (0.2g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))or losartan (30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) ) by intragastric administration were performed in rats, respectively. At the end of the study, markers for the state of oxidative stress (OS) , urinary 8 - IP and the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in kidney homogenates were assessed. The concentration of angiotensin H in kidney homogenates was determined using radioimmunoassay method. Expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox in kidney was localized and evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time - PCR, respectively. RESULTS: p47phox expressed widely in the kidneys of this rat model, including renal cortex, inner medulla and outer medulla. Compared with the control, OS developed significantly in rats received EG, with increased expression of p47phox mRNA in kidneys. Renal angiotensin Ⅱ also increased significantly. Treatment with apocynin or losartan significantly reduced the excretion of urinary 8 - IP, restored the SOD activity, with decrease in the expression of p47phox mRNA in kidney, but the levels of those OS markers in apocynin or losartan treated rats were still higher than those in normal controls. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that renal Ang Ⅱ and its stimulation of NADPH oxidase may partially account for the development of OS in kidney in this rat model of hyperoxaluria.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of apocynin against renal oxidative injury in a rat model of hyperoxaluria. Methods Animal model of hyperoxaluria was established by administration of 0.8% ethylene glycol (EG) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in administration were performed in the rats. Markers of oxidative stress(OS) state, urinary H2O2 and 8-(so-prostaglandin IP), and renal injury were assessed at the end of the study. Expression and localization of NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox, gp91phox, Nox-1) in kidneys were examined by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results p47phox expressed widely in kidneys of model rats, including renal cortex, inner medulla and outer medulla. Compared with the control, OS and renal injury occurred in rats receiving EG, in accordance with the up-regulated expression of NADPH oxidase subunits in kidneys. Treatment with apocynin significantly reduced the excretion of urinary H2O2 and 8-IP, improved the creatinine clearance and the kidney/body weight, with the down-reguLated expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (except gp91phox mRNA) in kidneys, but the levels of OS markers in apocynin-treated rats were still higher than thoset of normal controls. Conclusions The increased expression of NADPH oxidase subunits is suggested to be partially accounted for the development of renal OS in this rat model of hyperoxaluria. Apocynin treatment is effective for renal protection in this model.

[Objective]To compare clinical results of the mini midvastus approach with the traditional medial parapatellar approach for totall knee arthroplasty and to evaluate their advantages.[Methods]Sixty total knee arthroplasty(56 patients)have been freated during May 2002 to May 2006,28 patients(30 knee) were underwent TKA using either mini midvastus approach or traditional medial parapatellar approach.Two groups were compared according to skin incision length,postoperative pain score,total amount of drains,postoperative amount of decreasing Hb,active straight-leg raise time,postoperative length of stay,radiographic alignment of all the components,postoperative range of motion at 6 weeks and 12 weeks and 1 year,postoperative HSS score at 1 year.[Results]All the patients were followed from 1 to 1.5 year(mean,13.2 months).Position of all the components was normal in all patients except one case with abnormal position of tibial prosthesis in both groups.In the MIS group,the average skin incision length was 11.3 cm,average visual analog pain scale was 2.76 score,while the control group was 20.6 cm and 3.8 score.In the MIS group,the total amount of drains was 96.8 ml,postoperative amount of decreasing Hb was 22.5 g,while the control group was 276.3 ml and 32.5 g.In the MIS group,active straight-leg raise time was 3.8 days,postoperative length of stay was 8.6 days,while the control group was 5.8 days and 12.1 days.In the MIS group,the mean ROM at 6 weeks postoperatively was 107?and 117?at 12 weeks,while the control group was 98?and 108?.The differences between each factor group and operative results were significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]The mini midvastus approach wis associated with a more rapid functional recovery and a more satisfactory short-term result.

[Objective]To investigate the therapeutic results of grafting with bioactive glass and autologous bone marrow for simple bone cyst in teenagers. [Method]From April 2005 to October 2007,16 teenagers with simple bone cyst were reported.There were ten males and six females with a mean age of 18.5 years(range 12 to 30 years).Eight cysts were in the proximal humerus,five in the proximal femur,two in the proximal tibial and one in the distal end of radius.Lining of cavity was removed thoroughly with a curet.The cyst cavity was filled with the mixtures of 45s bioactive glass and autogenous red bone marrow.Five cases of pathologic fracture were fixed with steel plate or intramedullary nail.[Result]All 16 cases of cysts were ossified radiolo gically within six months,with an average time to syst healing of 18 week.A follow-up of 6 to 32 months(mean 18 months) showed satisfactory healing without complications.[Conclusion]The combined grafting with bioactive glass and autologous bone marrow appears to be an effective and simple treatment for simple bone cyst in teenagers.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of calculus crystal transport by macro-phage in kidney. Methods Hyperoxaluria rat model was established by administration of 1% ethyl-ene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride in drinking water. 24 h rat urine was collected, urinary oxalate were analyzed by ion chromatography. The expression and location of osteopontin and macrophage in kidney were observed by immunohistochemistry. Macrophage and calculus crystal at the basement membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitium were observed. Results The urinary ox-slate concentration were (0.22±0.13), (0.29±0.08), (0. 50±0.26), (0. 41±0. 22), (0.25±0. 12) ng/ml among these 5 groups. The osteoponitin expression was 0.16±0.04, 0.25±0.09, 0.37±0.10, 0.23±0.08, 0.19±0.02 respectively. The expression of osteopontin was positively correlated with urinary oxlate concentration(r=0.887, P<0.05). The macrophage at the basement membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells was 0.12±0.08, 0.19±0.06, 0.27±0.04, 0.16±0.03, 0.18±0.03 respectively. The macrophage distribution was positively correlated with the expression of osteopontin (r= 0.596, P<0.05). The macrophage moved from vessel to the basement membrane of loops of Henle, then disrupted and released the calculus crystal. Conclusions The macrophage might take part in the calculus crystal transport in kidney at the basement membrane of loops of Henle, which may be the source of Randall plaque. This process may be mediated by osteopontin.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine-propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. Methods Thirty-six patients undergoing cervical spine surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 18 each): propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia group (group C) and dexmedetomidine-propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia group (group D). Anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol and iv injection of fentanyl.After the consciousness disappeared, a laryngeal mask airway was placed and the patients were ventilated. In group D, dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was injected over 10 min after the consciousness disappeared, followed by an infusion at a rate of 0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 until the end of surgery. In group C, the equal volume of normal saline was administered instead of dexmedetomidine. SEPs (P15-N20) amplitudes and latency were measured and recorded before dexmedetomidine administration and at 10 min of dexmedetomidine infusion. The no-elicitation of MEPs was recorded. Results Compared with group C, there was no significant difference in P15-N20 amplitudes and latency in group D. The no-elicitation rate of MEPs in two groups was 0. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine-propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia does not affect SEPs and MEPs in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.

AIM: To study the effect of Zhongjiefeng Injection(Herba sarcandrae) on mouse liver cancer H_22,and its activities on gastric cancer SGC-7901 in vitro,to find out its influence on the cell cycle. METHODS: By injecting H_22 tumor cells in vivo into mice to check its inhabition on entity and ascites tumor.MTT colorimetric method was used to study the anti-tumor activity on gastric cancer SGC-7901,then we calculated its IC_50 and applied the flow cytometry(FCM) to detect its influence of cell cycle. RESULTS: The rates of inhabition on H_22 entity tumor with three concentrations were 29.8%,36.2%,40.5%,and was the remarkable different from the model group(P

‘University and college students' innovative ability training plan’ were launched from 2009 in Second Military Medical University. The innovative thinking and practical ability of students were improved by participation in research projects, writing scientific papers, academic exchanges and other activities. Students' innovative thinking, practice ability and cooperative spirit were promoted and unifica-tion of teaching and learning was achieved.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of taurine on kidney in a rat model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.METHODS: Animal model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis was established by administration of 2.5% ethylene glycol+2.5% ammonium chloride 2 mL two doses daily to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in company with restriction of drinking water intake for 4 weeks.Four groups of 8 rats each were studied: group A,untreated control animals;group B,nephrolithiasis without treatment;group C,nephrolithiasis with taurine(2.0% mixed with the chow);group D,only taurine(2.0% mixed with the chow).Intake of drinking water in each group for each rat was limited to 20 mL/d.Indexes of oxidative stress(OS) and renal injury in urine and kidney,and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in mitochondria of homogenized kidney samples were assessed at the day when the rats were sacrificed.Crystals deposited in kidney were scored under light microscopy.Renal tubular ultrastruture changes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.Expression of macrophage cell marker CD68 in kidney was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Compared to the control group,oxidative stress and renal injury were developed after induction of nephrolithiasis,in accordance with increase in expression of CD68 in kidney.The enzymatic activities of SOD and GSH-Px in mitochondria were decreased significantly.Administration of taurine significantly reduced OS and renal injury,as well as the crystals deposited in kidney.Expression of CD68 in kidney was also reduced,while the enzymatic activities of SOD and GSH-Px in mitochondria were improved significantly.CONCLUSION: Attributed to its antioxidant capacity,taurine showed renal protective action in this rat model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Objective To evalute the accuracy of stroke volume variation (SVV) in monitoring blood volume in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods Twenty-one ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 44-77 yr undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,fentanyl,rocuronium and dolicaine and maintained with target-controlled infusion of propofol,infusion of remifentanil,intermittent iv injetion of atracurium and inhalation of sevoflurane.The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg,RR 12 bpm,I:E 1:2,PEEP 0,FiO2 80％ ).PEr CO2 was maintained at 35-44 mm Hg.Radial artery was cannulated and connected to FloTrac pressure transducer and Vigileo monitor.6％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride solution 7 ml/kg was infused at a rate of 0.25 ml· kg- 1 1· min- 1 at 5 min of haemodynamics stabilization after pericardiotomy (T1).HR,MAP,CVP,systemic vascular resistance (SVR),systemic vascular nesistance index (SVRI),SVV,stroke volume index (SVI)and CI were recorded at T1 and at 10 min after loading dose (T2).The change rate of HR(△HR),MAP(△MAP),CVP(△CVP),SVR(△SVR),SVV(△SVV),SVI(△SVI) and CI(△CI) were calculated.△SVI≥25％ was considered effective volume expansion.The ROC curves for HR,MAP,CVP,SVR and SVV in determining the volume expansion efficacy were plotted.The area under the curves and 95 ％ confidence interval were calculated.Results Compared with T1,CVP,SVI,CO and CI were significantly increased,SVRI and SVV decreased at T2 (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in MAP and HR between T1 and T2(P ＞0.05).△SVI was negatively correlated with △HR and △SVR ( r =- 0.737,r =- 0.480,P ＜ 0.05).△SVI was not correlated with △CVP,△MAP and( P ＞ 0.05).The change in SVI was determined by SVV 8.8％ (sensitivity =52.6％,specificity =100.0％ ).The area under the curve for SVV and 95％ confidence interval were 0.579(0.346-0.812).Conclusion SVV can not be used to accuratelymonitor the changes in blood volume in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.