Objective To quantifying the urine human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)DNA from the HCMV infection infants and its corresponding liver function indications,and investigate the relationship between their concentrations.Methods The u-rine samples were collected from HCMV infection infants.HCMV DNA was measured by fluorescence quantitative polymer-ase chain reaction (FQ-PCR).Serum ALT,AST,ALP,GGT,T-Bil and D-Bil liver function indications were detected and the positive rate was analyzed,simultaneously.The correlation between the logarithm urine HCMV DNA (log HCMV DNA) concentration and ALT,AST,ALP,GGT,T-Bil and D-Bil were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results The dis-tribution range ofurine log HCMV DNA in 444 HCMV infection infants was <2.70~7.90;the positive rate of serum ALT, AST,ALP,GGT,T-Bil and D-Bil were 24.8%,59.0%,95.7%,31.1%,16.7% and 16.3%,respectively.The urine log HC-MV DNA was associated with GGT and the correlation coefficient was 0.099 (P < 0.05),but no associated with ALT, AST,ALP,T-Bil and D-Bil.Conclusion The positive rate of liver function indications will rise in HCMV infection infants, the urine log HCMV DNA was associated with GGT,but not associated with other liver function indications.

Objective To evaluate the understanding and supporting degree of staff and patients in Hefei's primary medical institutions on the essential drugs policy.Methods The staff and outpatients were taken from 45 primary medical institutions in Hefei, and “ medical staff questionnaire” and “ patient questionnaire” were finished.Results Total understanding rates of medical staff and patients were 89.4％ and 59. 1％ ,respectively, total supporting rate was 90. 8％ and 93.9％, respectively. The supporting rate is affected by age, educational level, residence and other factors. Conclusion In order to meet the public demand for health and medicine, the essential drugs policy should be publicized and the elderly,urban and rural patients and the medical staff should be paid more affention.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of chest and quality of life and the main correlated factors of HRCT for interstitial lung disease(ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).MethodsTwenty-six initial treatment patients with RA-ILD were enrolled.The following parameters were noted at baseline,12 and24 weeks for each patient:clinical features,HRCT,quality of life.ANOVA was used for repeated measurement data and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the relativity between HRCT and other parameters.ResultsTwentysix patients were included.Twelve male(46％) patients were followed up for 24 weeks and pulmonary infection occurred in 11 patients,so the frequency rate was 42％.After being treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide for 24 weeks,the HRCT scores were lower than before [(8+6) vs(12±5),respectively] and 16 patients' condition were improved,6 were in stable and 4 had deteriorated disease.For quality of life,the impact scores,symptom scores,activity scores,and total scores of St.George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) were significantly decreased(F=3.783,6.362,4.217,4.426,P＜0.05) and all domains of the short form-36 health survey questionnaire(SF-36) had significant improvement after treatment.Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the impact scores(P=0.000) and symptom scores(P=0.001) of SGRQ,vitality (P=0.012) of questionnaire,globulin (P=0.027) in prior treatment and symptom scores (P--0.001 ) of SGRQ,course of disease (P=0.002),MRC score (P=0.011),vitality (P=0.036) of SF-36 questionnaire in post-treatment were the main correlated factors with HRCT features.ConclusionMale RA patients are prone to develop ILD and RA-ILD is susceptible to pulmonary infection.After early treatment,HRCT and quality of life in most patients can be improved.Respiratory symptoms,severity of dyspnea,globulin level,course of disease and vitality of patients are significantly correlated with HRCT.

OBJECTIVE: To report the current situation of dialysis and transplantation in Foshan City. METHODS: A total of 18 hospitals performed dialysis filled the registration forms, which comprised situations of hospital, staff establishment, blood purification developing, blood purification equipments, hemodialysis patients, peritoneal dialysis patients, and acute renal failure patients. The registration time was form the beginning to ending of 2007, and the information was statistical analyzed.RESULTS: Totally 18 hospitals in Foshan district performed hemodialysis and 6 of them offered peritoneal dialysis simultaneously. There were 155 hemodialysis machines, 6 CRRT machines, and 15 dialyser reuse devices. Totally 1 718 patients received dialysis in 2007 year, including 93.60% hemodialysis patients and 6.40% peritoneal dialysis patients. Until the end of 2007, 1011 patients were received dialysis treatment, including 90.60% hemodialysis and 9.40% peritoneal dialysis. Glomerulonephritis (47.1%) was still the first primary disease of dialysis, then diabetic nephropathy (28%), third arteriosclerosis nephropathy (9.7%), fourth obstructive nephropathy (3.2%). Totally 743 hemodialysis patients stopped treating for reasons of death, improvement or recovery, changed to peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation, transfer, economics and lost follow-up, accounted for 20.3%, 20.1%, 7.2%, 4.1%, 21.5%, 20.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, infection, dystrophy, synthetic factors and other were the main reasons for death, which accounted for 16.6%, 28%, 17.2%, 3.2%, 18.4% and 16.6%. A total of 16 patients stopped peritoneal dialysis for death (68.7%), improvement or recovery (18.7%), changed to hemodialysis (7.1%), or lost follow-up (6.3%). The causes of death were cerebrovascular disease (21.4%), cardiovascular disease (7.1%), infection (28.6%) and others (42.9%).CONCLUSION: There are 18 hospitals can perform dialysis treatment in Foshan district. Glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, arteriosclerosis nephropathy and obstructive nephropathy are the first four primary diseases of dialysis. Cerebrovascular disease and infection are the main causes of death.

Combined vaccines contain two or more antigens. Research suggested that combined vaccines could prevent multi diseases and reduce the frequency of vaccination. This article focus on combined vaccines for children used both at home and abroad, such as diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DTaP), measles-rubella-mumps vaccine (MMR), etc. and summarizes their immunogenicity, safety and social values, including benefits to families, vaccination workers and health services, to provide evidence for promoting the research, development and use of combined vaccines in China. We found that combined vaccines can not only ensure the immunogenicity and safety, but also give convenient and lower cost vaccination to families, and using combined vaccines can improve the work efficiency of vaccination workers, reduce the impact of the epidemic on immunization services and improve vaccination coverage and timeliness. At present, the promotion of combined vaccines in China is restricted by many technical bottlenecks, high prices, and low awareness among people. It is recommended that research on the safety, effectiveness and health economics of combined vaccines should be strengthened, and the value of combined vaccines should be scientifically evaluated; the public's awareness and trust in combined vaccines should be enhanced, as well as the development and application of multi-linked multivalent vaccines should be promoted. The government should improve regulations to assist the development and application of combined vaccines.

OBJECTIVETo select and identify ssDNA aptamers specific to Streptococcus mutans strains with different cariogenicity isolated from clinical specimens.

METHODSSubtractive SELEX technology targeting the whole intact cells was used to screen for ssDNA aptamers specific to the clinical isolates Streptococcus mutans strains with different cariogenicity. Radioactive isotope, flow cytometry, gene cloning and sequencing, MEME online software and RNA structure analysis software were employed to analyze the first and secondary structures of the aptamers and identify the screened aptamers.

RESULTSDetection by radioactive isotope showed sufficient pool enrichment after 9 rounds of subtractive SELEX. Flow cytometry showed that the selected aptamers H1, H16, H4, L1, L10 and H19 were capable of binding specifically with highly cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains but not with strains with a low cariogenicity. The aptamer H19 had the strongest binding capacity to highly cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains, with a dissociation constant of 69.45∓38.53 nmol/L.

CONCLUSIONWe have obtained the ssDNA aptamers specific to the clinical isolates of highly cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains.

Aptamers, Nucleotide ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Primers ; Dental Caries ; microbiology ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; SELEX Aptamer Technique ; Species Specificity ; Streptococcus mutans ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo screen of high cariogenicity Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) strains isolated from clinical specimens preliminary.

METHODSAcidogenicity, aciduricity, extracellular polysaccharide production and adhesion of 41 strains of S. mutans isolated from clinical specimens were investigated to screen high cariogenicity S. mutans strains.

RESULTSThere were different cariogenicity among 41 strains of S. mutans, in which 3 strains of S. mutans had all high ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide, adhere to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, produce acid and tolerate acid, indicated there were 3 strains with high cariogenicity S. mutans strains isolated from clinical specimens. Another 3 strains of S. mutans with all low ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide, adhere to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, produce acid and tolerate acid indicated they were low cariogenicity S. mutans strains isolated from clinical specimens.

CONCLUSIONWe may have obtained high cariogenicity S. mutans strains isolated from clinical specimens.

Dental Caries ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Saliva ; Streptococcus mutans

OBJECTIVETo identify Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) strains from clinical samples.

METHODSPlaque samples from caries-active and caries-free sites on enamel surfaces were obtained and cultivated for S. mutans isolation. Morphology, biochemistry, automatic microorganism analysis system and polymerase chain reaction using primers homologous to surface protein antigen I/II (spaP), glucosyltransferase B (gtfB) and dextranase (dexA) were used to identify S. mutans. Genotype of isolated S. mutans was determined by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSForty-six strains of S. mutans were obtained from the 32 subjects and were identified as S. mutans by biochemistry, automatic microorganism analysis system and polymerase chain reaction. Five identical genotypes were found by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.

CONCLUSIONForty-one strains of S. mutans with different genotype were obtained from clinical samples.

Dental Caries ; Dental Plaque ; Genotype ; Glucosyltransferases ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Streptococcus mutans

Human challenge trial (HCT) is a test in which human volunteers are intentionally infected with pathogens in order to evaluate the efficacy of candidate preventive or therapeutic drugs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the HCT of vaccines has aroused people's attention due to its significant advantages over clinical trial. This paper introduces the concept, development and application of HCT, the advantages and limitations of HCT for vaccine evaluation, and the consideration of future HCT of COVID-19 vaccine in China.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy towards national immunization program in China and understand the current status of parents' hesitancy to different vaccines used in national immunization program.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing, Sichuan and Gansu. The methods of proportional probability sampling and convenience sampling were used to select the eligible study subjects for questionnaire surveys.Results:A total of 3 592 parents were enrolled in the study, in whom 38.22% fully accepted all the vaccines, 59.35% agreed to let their children to receive all the vaccines but showed slight concern, and 2.42% had hesitancy to the vaccines. The vaccine with the most hesitancy was polio vaccine (0.89%), followed by diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine (0.70%) and hepatitis A vaccine (0.64%). The dominant reason for vaccine hesitancy was the risk-benefit perception of vaccination (31.03%), followed by the low awareness of the parents (21.84%) and the inconvenience caused by distance and time (21.84%).Conclusions:The incidence of vaccine hesitancy towards national immunization program was low in parents in China, but over 50% of the parents showed concern to the vaccines. It is essential to improve the service quality of national immunization program and strengthen the health education about the vaccination to reduce the incidence of vaccine hesitancy in parents.