BACKGROUND:Currently, neural stem celltransplantation can be performed through three main approaches:local lesions, blood circulation, and cerebrospinal fluid.
OBJECTIVE:To review the transplantation of neural stem cells or neural precursor cells via the cerebrospinal fluid in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CHKD databases was performed to retrieve articles concerning transplantation of neural stem cells via the cerebrospinal fluid, and its application and therapeutic mechanism in the treatment of central nervous system diseases in both animal experiment and clinic study published from 2000 to 2009.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It is suitable for neural stem cellsurvival, proliferation, and differentiation in the cerebrospinal fluid. Transplantation of neural stem cells via the cerebrospinal fluid is effective and feasible to treat central nervous system diseases. However, some problems have not been solved, such as the source of neural stem cells, the optimal time window and celldose, the safety and the long-term effect. Further studies are needed to pave the way for the intrathecal injection of neural stem cells in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs)transplantation on the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE). Methods A total of 25 HIE patients were randomly divided into stem cell transplantation group(15 case)and control group(10 cases). The patients in transplantation group were given intravenous infusion of hUCMSCs,which isolated under sterile condition in vitro and cultured, while in control group were treated with routine drug treatment. Neurological function( American National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale( NIHSS ),Barthel index (BI)),extrapyramidal function(Unified Parkinson's disease questionnaire(UPDRS)),cognition and emotional reaction(The mini mental state examination(MMSE),the 14 item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD14)and HAMD24)were all assessed before and after transplantation for 14 d,90 d and 180 d respectively to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hUCMSCs transplantation. Results There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of each function before transplantation. The scores of transplantation group were all obviously improved after treatment for 14 d,90 d and 180 d compared to that of before treatment,and the therapy effect in transplantation group was significantly better than that of the control group( NIHSS:Ftime =4. 372,P=0. 031;Ftime*group =4. 175,P=0. 038;Fgroup =3. 897,P=0. 045.BI:Ftime =4. 728,P=0. 044;Ftime*group =4. 894,P=0. 037;Fgroup =4. 284,P=0. 039.UPDRS:Ftime =5. 112,P=0. 047;Ftime*group =4. 895,P=0. 045;Fgroup=3. 879,P =0. 031.MMSE:Ftime =5. 135,P =0. 039;Ftime*group =3. 213,P =0. 036;Fgroup =4. 184,P=0. 045.HAMD14:Ftime =3. 977,P =0. 049;Ftime*group =4. 587,P =0. 038;Fgroup =4. 381,P =0. 041.HAMD24:Ftime =3. 845,P =0. 033;Ftime*group =4. 125,P=0. 035;Fgroup =3. 547,P=0. 034). Conclusion Transplantation of hUCMSCs is safe and effective for treatment of HIE,which can significantly improve the neurological function,extrapyramidal function,cognition and emotion.

To investigate the clinical and imaging features，diagnosis，treatment and prognosis of patients with wilson disease（WD）.Methods The clinical data of wilson's disease with mental and behavior disorder were analyzed.Results The patient started the disease at the age of 16.At the beginning of the disease，she was talking to herself，laughing and in a daze，which did not attract the attention of her family.The first diagnosis and treatment was not made until the age of 22.Brain atrophy and T-2 high signal in bilateral thalamus，brainstem，cerebellum，pontine arm and putamen were shown on head MRI.K-F ring was positive under slit lamp，ceruloplasmin <3 mg/dl.Gene detection showed ATP7B gene variation.Conclusion When patients start with mental,emotional，and cognitive disorders,accompanied by intracranial symmetrical lesions and combined with systemic multiple system damage，WD should be considered.K-F loop，ceruloplasmin and gene detection are helpful for early diagnosis and treatment.