Glycerol,mannitol has been used as additives for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)fragments in entangled solution by capillary electrophoresis. Differing from glycerol and mannitol,the structure of glucose is a ring with 5 hydroxyl groups.This structure helps it easily to form complex with boric acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).On the other hand,glucose has large space obstacle compared with glycerol and mannitol.So glucose can markedly improve separation of DNA in HPMC solution by capillary electrophoresis compared with other additives.The factors such as boric acid concentration and pH,influencing formation of complex of HPMC and glucose were studied. High concentration of boric acid could improve the DNA separation in glucose-HPMC matrix system. The optimization pH to separate DNA in HPMC-glucose solution by capillary electrophoresis was 8.3.

In this review, the analytical methods of polyethylene glycol-modified proteins are introduced, including spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, etc. These methods are compared in respect to their individual characteristics.

Objective To screen out the bioactive sulfate saccharides interacted with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and provide some scientific data on their pharmacology. Methods The interactions between G-CSF and 15 sulfate saccharides with various chain lengths and extent of sulfation were studied by capillary electrophoresis. Furthermore, the effects of these G-CSF binding saccharides on the proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cell line and NFS-60 were also investigated. Results Except for the hepatosaccharide, degradable carrageenan, Dextran sulfate (DexS) with a low molecular mass the nonsulfated sancharide and alkaline chitosan oligosaccharide, the rest of saccharides had interact with G-CSF.DexS500, λ carrageenan, ι carrageenan, κ carrageenan and low molecular weight heparin-1(LMWH-1)with anticoagulant activity could inhibit the NFS-60 growth. Compared with the absorbency of the control group (100.00±3.00) after these saccharides interacted with the NPS-60 cells, their relative absorbencies were 31.33±2.08,37.67±2.08,45.00±1.20,43.00±2.65 and 74.67±1.52, respectively. Their differences had a statistical significance(t=27.94,26.71,26.42,26.61,10.54,P<0.01). The morphological analytic results showed that the LMWH and lambda carrageenan as well as DexS with a molecular mass of 500 000 induce effectively promyclocyte to transit metamyelocyte. Flow cytometry results showed enhanced expressions of CD11b, CD18 and CD45 after treatment with the LMWH, lambda carrageenan and DexS500,respectively. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the S phase population decreased after treatment with these saccharides. Conclusions Capillary electrophoresis is an effective medicine-screening technique that is used to screen some of these saccharides which could bind to G-CSF. And it is found that the interactions are correlated with the chain length, the extent and the position of sulfation of these saccharides.

Objective To explore and analyse the factors influencing the acceptability of"Internet medical alliance"among medical staff by UTAUT model,with a view to providing a basis for the sustainable development of"Internet medical alliance".Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among medical staff participating in the"Internet medical alliance"in municipal hospitals,count-level hospitals,township health centers,village clinics and community health service centers.SPSS 20.0 and Amos 17.0 software were used to statistically describe the acceptance of"Internet medical alliance",and a structural equation model with behavioral intention and satisfaction as dependent variables was constructed.Results In the range of independent variables,the 841 follow-up subjects had the highest individual creativity score at(3.88±0.67),followed by social influence at(3.86±0.66)and the lowest perceived risk score at(3.52±0.78).Of the dependent variables,the behavioural intention score was(3.86±0.68)and the satisfaction score was(7.72±1.88).Conclusion Facilitation,individual creativity,self-efficacy,performance expectations,effort expectations,having heard of"Internet medical alliance"education level and perceived risk were key factors in the behavioral intention and satisfaction of medical staff to participate in"Internet medical alliance".

Objective: To investigate the impact of minimal residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MPFC) during aplasia on efficacy and prognosis of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (non M₃) patients. Methods: The MRD data by 8-color MPFC during aplasia (day 14-15 of induction therapy) in 85 de novo AML (non M₃) patients and the MRD impact on efficacy and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Data of 85 patients, including 42 males (49.4%) and 43 females (50.6%) , were collected, with a median age of 35 (15-54) years. The median MRD by MPFC during aplasia was 0.58% (0-81.11%) , and 70 (82.4%) patients achieved complete remission (CR) after first induction chemotherapy. The cutoff of MRD by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 2.305% (Se= 0.867, Sp=0.800) . The CR rate after one course was significantly higher in patients with MRD<2.305% [96.6% (56/58) ]than in patients with MRD≥2.305%[51.9% (14/27) ] (χ²=22.348, P<0.001) ; no significant difference with respect to relapse-free survival rate (χ²=1.08, P=0.299) or overall survival rate (χ²=0.42, P=0.516) could be demonstrated for the comparison of the two groups. Multivariates analysis showed MRD divided by 2.305% was the only independent prognostic factor for CR after one course (OR= 21.560, 95% CI 4.129-112.579, P<0.001) . Conclusion Flow cytometric MRD divided by 2.305% during aplasia could be a predictor of efficacy after first induction therapy in AML patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of NPM-MLF1 fusion gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods The data of one AML patient with NPM-MLF1 fusion gene was analyzed,and literatures were reviewed. Results A female patient was diagnosed as AML M6. In the course of the disease, 2 hematologic relapsed, and 2 recurrences were associated with NPM-MLF1 fusion gene positive. After inductive treatment, hematologic complete remission was achieved, and NPM-MLF1 fusion genes were all negative. Survival time surpassed 6 years when the chemotherapy was performed alone. Conclusion The incidence of NPM-MLF1 fusion gene in AML is low. It is necessary to collect more clinical data to judge whether an independent disease type or not.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of duration of antibiotic therapy on the prognosis of patients with AML who had Gram-negative bloodstream infection during consolidation chemotherapy. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from 591 patients enrolled from the registered "A Phase III study on optimizing treatment based on risk stratification for acute myeloid leukemia, ChiCTR-TRC-10001202" treatment protocol between September 2010 and January 2016 in different treatment cycles. Results: A total of 119 episodes of Gram-negative bloodstream infection occurred during consolidation chemotherapy. Excluding the 5 episodes in which fever lasted longer than 7 days, 114 episodes of infection were analyzed. The median neutrophil count was 0 (0-5.62)×10⁹/L, median neutropenia duration was 9 (3-26) days, median interval of antibiotics administration was 7 (4-14) days. Logistic regression analysis showed that there is no significant difference on 3-day recurrent fever rate and reinfection by the same type bacteria between antibiotics administration ≤7 days or >7 days (1.2% vs 3.0%, P=0.522, OR=0.400, 95% CI 0.024-6.591; 18.5% vs 21.2%, P=0.741, OR=0.844, 95% CI 0.309-2.307). Propensity score analysis confirmed there was no significant difference on same pathogen infection rate between antibiotics application time ≤ 7 days or >7 days (P=0.525, OR=0.663, 95% CI 0.187-2.352). No infection associated death occurred within 7 or 30 days in both groups. Conclusion Discontinuation of therapy until sensitive antibiotics treated for 7 days does not increase the recurrent fever rate and the infection associated death rate. Indicating that, for AML who had Gram-negative bloodstream infection during consolidation chemotherapy, short courses of antibiotic therapy is a reasonable treatment option when the infection is controlled.

Objective: To explore the predictive value of minimal residual disease (MRD) level in Ph-negative precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Methods: De novo 193 Ph-negative B-ALL patients from Sep 2010 to Nov 2017 were involved in the study. The patients' MRD evaluation which can be performed by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) after 1 month, 3-month, 6-month treatment. Relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared in patients with different MRD level. Results: The median follow-up was 22 months. All patients was evaluated at 497 MRD level. Patients who reach the good MRD level at 1 month (<0.1% or ≥0.1%), 3-month (negative or positive), 6-month (negative or positive) had a significantly higher probability of estimated RFS (74.5% vs 29.9%; 75.6% vs 29.7%; 74.6% vs 11.6%) and of estimated OS (67.5% vs 30.3%; 71.6% vs 27.8%; 74.0% vs 15.7%). Patients who reach the MRD negative at all 3 times had a significantly higher probability of estimated RFS (80.5% vs 30.5%) and better estimated OS (77.1% vs 29.4%) compared to patients with at least MRD failure in one time (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed MRD level at 3-month was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. Conclusion MRD is an important prognosis factor for Ph-negative B- ALL patients.

Objective: To compare the time of the recovery of neutrophils or leukocytes by pegylated recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) or common recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in the myelosuppressive phase after induction chemotherapy in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. At the same time, the incidences of infection and hospitalization were compared. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with newly diagnosed AML who met the enrollment criteria from August 2014 to December 2017. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to a 1:1 ratio: PEG-rhG-CSF group and rhG-CSF group. The time of neutrophil or leukocyte recovery, infection rate and hospitalization interval were compared between the two groups. Results: 60 patients with newly diagnosed AML were enrolled: 30 patients in the PEG-rhG-CSF group and 30 patients in the rhG-CSF group. There were no significant differences in age, chemotherapy regimen, pre-chemotherapy ANC, WBC, and induction efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05) . The median time (range) of ANC or WBC recovery in patients with PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF were 19 (14-35) d and 19 (15-26) d, respectively, with no statistical difference (P=0.566) . The incidences of infection in the PEG-rhG-CSF group and the rhG-CSF group were 90.0%and 93.3%, respectively, and there was no statistical difference (P=1.000) . The median days of hospitalization (range) was 20.5 (17-49) days and 21 (19-43) days, respectively, with no statistical difference (P=0.530) . Conclusions In AML patients after induction therapy, there was no significant difference between the application of PEG-rhG-CSF and daily rhG-CSF in ANC or WBC recovery time, infection incidence and hospitalization time.

Objective: To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics, and prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with MLL gene rearrangements. Methods: The medical records of 92 adult AML patients with MLL gene rearrangements from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 92 cases (6.5%) with MLL gene rearrangements were identified in 1 417 adult AML (Non-M₃) patients, the median age of the patients was 35.5 years (15 to 64 years old) with an equal sex ratio, the median WBC were 21.00(0.42-404.76)×10⁹/L, and 78 patients (84.8%) were acute monoblastic leukemia according to FAB classification. Eleven common partner genes were detected in 32 patients, 9 cases (28.1%) were MLL/AF9(+), 5 cases (15.6%) were MLL/AF6(+), 5 cases (15.6%) were MLL/ELL(+), 2 cases (6.3%) were MLL/AF10(+), 1 case (3.1%) was MLL/SETP6(+), and the remaining 10 patients’ partner genes weren’t identified. Of 92 patients, 83 cases with a median follow-up of 10.3 (0.3-74.0) months were included for the prognosis analysis, the complete remission (CR) rate was 85.5% (71/83), the median overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) were 15.4 and 13.1 months, respectively. Two-year OS and RFS were 36.6% and 29.5%, respectively. Of 31 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), two-year OS and RFS for patients received and non-received allo-HSCT were 57.9% and 21.4%, 52.7% and 14.9%, respectively (P<0.001). Among patients with partner genes tested, 9 of 32 cases (28.1%) were MLL/AF9(+), the median follow-up was 6.0(4.1-20.7) months. 3 patients with MLL/AF9 underwent allo-HSCT. 23 cases (71.9%) were non- MLL/AF9(+), the median follow-up was 7.8 (0.3-26.6) months. 14 patients (60.1%) with non-MLL/AF9 underwent allo-HSCT. One-year OS for patients with MLL/AF9 and non-MLL/AF9 were 38.1% and 55.5%, respectively (P=0.688). Multivariate analysis revealed that high WBC (RR=1.825, 95% CI 1.022-3.259, P=0.042), one cycle to achieve CR (RR=0.130, 95% CI 0.063-0.267, P<0.001), post-remission treatment with allo-HSCT (RR=0.169, 95% CI 0.079-0.362, P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors affecting OS. Conclusions AML with MLL gene rearrangements was closely associated with monocytic differentiation, and MLL/AF9 was the most frequent partner gene. Conventional chemotherapy produced a high response rate, but likely to relapse, allo-HSCT may have the potential to further improve the prognosis of this group of patients.