Cerebellar arteries and their branches injected with red latex were observed on 50 adult human brains with the naked eye and stereomicroscope. The external and internal diameters of the arteries and the thickness of their walls were measured.According to the distribution, we named the middle inferior cerebellar artery as anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the long stem type of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery as the posterior infericr cerebellar artery. So that, there are only three pairs of cerebellar arteries: the superior, the anterior inferior and the posterior inferior arteries. Each of the three arteries may be single-branched double-branched or wanting. So the number of the cerebellar arteries is inconstant. The origins of these arteries are variable and the majority of the abnormal sites of origin are situated adjacent to the normal site rostrally. The arterial distributions on both sides are mostly unsymmetrical. These arteries anastomose with each another. If the anterior inferior cerebellar artery is absent the other two arteries of the same side compensate for its loss. While the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is absent or thin it will be compensated for not only by the others of the same side but also by the branches from the corresponding artery of the opposite side. Concerning the diameter of these arteries, the superior cerebellar artery is the largest; the posterior inferior cerebellar artery comes next and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery is the smallest. The blood flow of the inferior surface of the cerebellum, supplied by the posterior inferior artery together with the anterior inferior artery is more abundant than that of the superior surface supplied only by the superior artery.Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries may be classified into two types:deep situated and superficial siluated types. The latter takes 36.8%. It can easily be found and safely operated when performing the operation of anastomosing the posterior inferior cerebellar artery with the occipital artery.

Objective To compare the effects of two skin sampling methods (negative pressure suction blister and skin shaving) on the physical status of autologous epidermal keratinocytes transplanted to patients with vitiligo. Methods Skin samples were obtained from the normal skin of 32 patients with stable vitiligo by suction blister under negative pressure and skin shaving alone or in combination. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 in these samples.Skin tissues resected from 15 normal human subjects served as the control. Results There was an expression of PCNA and caspase-3 at different degrees in all the skin tissues obtained by the two sampling methods from the 32 patients. Most PCNA-positive cells were focally distributed at the basal layer in epidermis obtained from suction blisters, and a few PCNA-positive cells were observed in the middle and lower part of the prickle cell layer of epidermis from shaved skin. There was a significant difference in the percentage of PCNA-positive cells between the epidermis from suction blisters and shaved skin as well as between the epidermis from suction blisters and normal control skin (x2 = 10.99, 14.08, both P < 0.05), but not between the epidermis from shaved skin and normal control skin (x2 = 1.31, P > 0.05). The expression of caspase-3 was predominantly located in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes in the basal layer as well as middle and lower part of prick cell layer, and no difference was observed in the percentage of caspase-3-expressing keratinocytes between the epidermis from shaved skin, suction blisters and normal control skin (x2 = 1.41, 2.89, 1.91, all P > 0.05). Conclusions The proliferation activity of epidermal cells seems important to the survival of grafted skin, and compared to the suction blister technique, skin shaving appears to have less influence on the proliferation of keratinocytes.

Objective To analyze of the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery combined with medication in the treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods From June 2013 to June 2015,124 patients with ureteral calculi which confirmed by X-ray in our hospital were collected as subjects.According to the treatment method,they were divided into control group and observation group,patients in the control group were treated with simple medication,while the observation group were treated with minimally invasive surgery combined with drug therapy.The effects of treatment and the levels of MCP-1,TFF1 and HMGB1 in urine between two groups were compared.Results The stone expulsion rate and the net rate of the observation group was higher than those of the control group,the differences were significant(P<0.05).The stone expulsion time of observation group was shorter than that of the control group,the formation rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,the differences were significant(P<0.05).Adverse reactions occurred in 11 cases of the observation group,in 29 cases of the control group,the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).After the treatment,17 cases of adverse drug reactions occurred in the observation group,which was more than 5 cases of adverse drug reactions in the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of MCP-1 and HMGB1 in urine of two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment,the level of TFF1 was increased,the differences were significant(P<0.05);while the levels of MCP-1 and HMGB1 of the observation group after treatment were lower than those of the control group,the level of TFF1 was higher than that of the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).The effective rate of the observation group was 88.71％,which higher than 69.35％ of the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion On the basis of medication,combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral calculi can not only improve the therapeutic effect,but also reduce the risk of adverse reactions.

Compatibility chemistry of acid-alkaline pair medicines in formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important research field which should merit to pay attention. The ideas and methods in prescription compatibility research on formulas containing alkaline-acid pair medicines were summarized from the aspect of chemical groups of alkaline and acid ingredients; the research results were introduced and analyzed; the research meaning was elaborated; and the expectation of the field was viewed.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Incompatibility ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation and free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 71 patients with thoracolumbar fracture admitted to Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from May 2018 to May 2020. There were 52 males and 19 females, with age range of 22-54 years［(41.0±7.8)years］. Of all, 33 patients were treated with robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation (Group A) and 38 patients were treated with free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach (Group B). Following parameters were measured, including frequency of radiation exposure, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, rate of fracture healing at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up, anterior vertebral body height ratio and sagittal Cobb angle preoperatively, at 3 days postoperatively and at the last follow-up, and rate of screw implantation of grade A and B and rate of facet joint violation at 3 days postoperatively.Results:All patients were followed up for 10-24 months［(15.2±4.4)months］. Frequency of radiation exposure and operation time showed no statistical differences between the two groups (both P>0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 100(100, 135)ml in Group A, less than 160(120, 200)ml in Group B ( P<0.01). Length of hospital stay was 8(7, 11) days in Group A, shorter than 12(10, 16)days in Group B ( P<0.01). There were no complications such as infection, spinal nerve injury or cerebrospinal fluid leakage in both group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the rate of fracture healing at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). VAS and ODI in Group A was 3(2, 4)points and 21(18, 23)points at 3 days postoperatively, lower than 4 (3, 5)points and 27(20, 32)points in Group B ( P<0.05 or 0.01), and the two groups showed no significant differences in VAS and ODI at other time points (all P>0.05). There were no significant difference in the anterior vertebral body height ratio or sagittal Cobb angle between the two groups at 3 days postoperatively and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). Rate of screw implantation of grade A and B was 96.5% (191/198) in Group A, higher than 90.4% (206/228) in Group B ( P<0.05). Rate of facet joint violation was 4.0%(8/198) in Group A, lower than 11.8% (27/228) in Group B ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For thoracolumbar fracture, robot-assisted percutaneous screw implantation is superior to free-hand open screw implantation by Wiltse approach in terms of less bleeding, shorter hospitalization, earlier pain alleviation, higher accuracy of screw implantation and lower risk of facet joint violation.

Objective To explore the effect of smoking on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxing function and endogenous apelin-13 level.Methods Forty healthy volunteers,including 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers were randomly selected and participated in the study from December 2014 to April 2015.During the study period the smokers were asked to quit smoking for one month and the non-smoking group was given short-term smoking intervention.The changes of vascular endothelial function and plasma apelin13 levels were compared between the smoking group and non-smoking group,and before and after intervention.Results Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in smoking group was significantly lower than that in non-smoking group [(5.34 ± 1.83) ％ vs.(8.12 ± 2.62) ％,t =-3.75,P ＜ 0.01].FMD in smoking group was significantly increased after 1 month of quitting smoking [(5.34 ± 1.83) ％ vs.(9.05 ± 2.18) ％,t =-6.66,P ＜ 0.01],FMD in non smoking group was slightly decreased [(8.12 ± 2.62) ％ vs.(7.78 ± 1.96) ％,t =0.90,P =0.38] after short-term smoking.The level of plasma apelin-13 in smoking group was significantly lower than that of non smoking group [(44.22 ± 16.58) pg/ml vs.(70.12 ± 24.35) pg/ml,t =-3.79,P ＜ 0.01].The level of plasma apelin-13 in smoking group was significantly increased after 1 month of smoking cessation intervention [(44.22 ± 16.58) pg/ml vs.(65.32 ± 17.13) pg/ml,t =-4.26,P ＜0.01].In non smoking group,the level of plasma apelin-13 was significantly decreased after short-term smoking [(70.12 ± 24.35) pg/ml vs.(45.83 ± 15.66) pg/ml,t =4.93,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion Cigarette smoking leads to endothelial dysfunction.Short term occlusion of tobacco may significantly improve endothelial function and increase plasma apelin-13 level,suggesting that apelin-13 may be involved in the occurrence and development of endothelial dysfunction induced by cigarette smoking.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between ultrasound derived ratio of femoral vein to femoral artery diameter and hemodynamics in patients with heart failure. Methods: This was a case-control study. A total of 61 patients with heart failure and 49 patients with non-heart failure hospitalized in the Department of Critical Care Medicine from September 2017 to September 2018 were included in this study. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the femoral artery and vein diameter. After deep inhalation, the femoral vein diameter was measured again, and the ratio of femoral vein and artery diameter was calculated. The central venous pressure (CVP) and mean pulmonary wedge pressure (mPAWP) were also measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the ratio of femoral vein diameter to femoral artery diameter and CVP and mPAWP, and linear regression equation was established. Results: The overall CVP and mPAWP levels were significantly higher, and the femoral vein diameter after deep inhalation was bigger in heart failure patients than in non-heart failure patients(all P<0.001). The femoral vein diameter/femoral artery diameter ratio was positively correlated with CVP (r=0.76, P<0.001), and positively correlated with mPAWP (r=0.40, P<0.001) in heart failure group. The linear regression equation established by the femoral vein/femoral artery diameter ratio and CVP in the heart failure group showed that the inner diameter of the femoral vein/the inner diameter of the femoral artery ratio≥1.3 corresponded CVP≥15.518 cmH₂O(1 cmH₂O=0.098 kPa) in heart failure patients. Conclusions In patients with heart failure, the inner diameter of the femoral vein/femoral artery ratio is positively correlated with CVP and mPAWP. The ratio of inner diameter of the femoral vein/femoral artery can be used to assess the volumetric load of patients with heart failure and to guide the clinical treatment of heart failure patients.