The pterion of 400 Chinese adult skulls, 252 males and 148 females, wasstudied. It was found that the epipteric bone was rather common. When cal-culated according to A. J. P. von Broek's classification which includes epiptericumanterius, epiptericum posterius, in addition to the most common epiptericumtypicum, the frequency was 42% in terms of number of skulls ed 27% interms of number of sides. The fronto-temporal suture type, however, was smallin number (3.0% in terms of the number of skulls and 1.75% in terms of thenumber of sides), due to the presence of a frontal process of the temporalbone. Both the epipteric bone and the fronto-temporal suture were found to bemore common in the female than in the male. Various theories regarding theorigin of these alterations are introduced and discussed.

Objective To investigate the change and clinical value of serum procalcitonin (PCT ) in the patients with severe dia‐betic foot .Methods The serum PCT level was detected before treatment and at 1 ,2 weeks of treatment in 86 patients with severe diabetic foot .Results With the infection severity aggravating before treatment ,the elevation of PCT was more significant .The PCT level after 1 week treatment showed a decreasing trend ,but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0 .05);in the patients with Wagner grade 3-5 ,the PCT level after 2 week treatment showed a obvious decreasing trend ,moreover the difference was sta‐tistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion PCT could serve as one of sensitive indexes to judge the outcome in the patients with diabetic foot .

The clinical trials of gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg and 22.5 mg per day were carried out in the city and the rural area respectively. The results of cytological, cytochemical as well as ultrastructural studies of the semen obtained before and during gossypol administration were as follows:1. It was shown that a decrease in sperm count and the occurrence of abnormal sperm in semen was detectable 4 weeks after gossypol administration. By the 8th week the sperm count being reduced markedly in semen, while exfoliated spermatogenic cells (including mainly spermatids and spermatocytes) increased concomitantly, the date indicated that the site of gossypol action was at the spermiogenic spermatids as well as the mid-and late stage spermatocytes.2. Decrease in the activity of SDH in the middle piece of the sperm and damage to the spiral mitochondrial sheath including derangement, vacuolation, and loss of mitochndrial cristae were observed following gossypol treatment. Such changes suggested that gossypol might suppress the energy matoblism of sperm. The effect of gosspol on the PLE of acrosome system appeared to be secondary.3. The ultrastructural changes of sperm nuclear chrmatin after gosspol treament suggested the possibility that gosspol might exert effect on the matoblism of the nuclic acid.

The distribution of microtubules (MTs)in the Sertoli cell of rat testis was studied with indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. We have found that MTs are mainly located in the cytoplasm apical to the nucleus and oriented parallel to the long axis of the Sertoli cell. MTs may extend into the stalks and processes of the cell which embrace different germ cells. With the changes of the architecture of the seminiferous epithelium and the shape of Sertoli cells, there are some regular changes in MTs distribution during the seminifeous epithelium cycle. In stage Ⅰ-Ⅴ, many MTs aggregate around the elongated spermatids and are parallel to their long axis. During stage Ⅶ maturing spermatids are suspended into the lumen by the Sertoli cell processes containing numerous MTs. Some of the MTs conform to the contour of the hook-shaped spermatids heads. After spermiation (stage Ⅶ-Ⅸ), MTs retract from the lumen with the Sertoli cell processes and gather around the spermatids which just start their elongation. These results indicate that the distribution of the MTs in Sertoli cell has close relations with the architecture of the seminiferous epithelium, and the changes of the Sertoli cell shape and the movement of the spermatids.

Objective To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t (16;21)(p11;q22) translocation.Methods Two patients diagnosed by morphology,cytochemical stain,immunology,cytogenetics and genetic testing.Similarities and differences of clinical characteristics and laboratory examination were analysed,along with a review of the literatures.Results According to the FAB classification,one patient was M4 and the other one was M1.The cytogenetic aberrations were 46,XY,t(16;21)(p11;q22)[16]/47,XY,t(16;21)(p11;q22),+21[4] of ease 1 and 46,XX,t(16;21)(p11;q22)[20] of case 2.Cytophagocytosis and CD56 antigen expression were found in both cases.The prognosis was poor in both cases.Conclusions AML with t(16;21)(p11;q22) is a specific type,which has unusual characteristics of morphology,immunology,cytogenetics,clinical feature.The prognosis of the patients is poor,so stem-cell transplantation maybe the only and the first choice of treatment.

Objective To investigate the infection status of Helicobacterpylori (HP) in the physical examination population and the contents of pepsinogen Ⅰ (PGⅠ),pepsinogen Ⅱ (PGⅡ) and gastrin-17 (G-17) in serumand the association with HP infection.Methods In this study,781 cases of physical examination were included.Serum HP antibody typing,PGl,PGⅡ and G-17 were measured by Helicobacter pylori antibody kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ,PGⅠ/PGⅡ and G-17 were analyzed by SPSS22.0 analysis system,and the difference of HP infection rate between HP infection group and non-infected patients and different types of infection was analyzed.Analysis of the infection rate and the difference of each age group.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups (x2 =0.284,P=0.594),and there was significant difference between different age groups (x2 =8.523,P=0.014).The levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ,PGR and G-17 in serum were statistically significant (Z=8.616～ 14.125,P=0.000) compared with those of HP positive and negative.There were significant differences in serum PGⅡ and PGR levels between HP Ⅰ type and HP Ⅱ type infection (Z=3.444,3.385,P=0.001).The levels of PGⅠ and PGⅡ in serum were significantly higher than those in other groups (Z=5.012,4.478,P=0.000).PGⅠ and PGⅡ were higher in women than in females (Z=0.444～0.941,P＞0.05),with the increase of age,PGⅠ,PGⅡ and G-17 has an upward trend,while PGR showed a downward trend.Conclusion The level of serum PG was closely related to gender,age and HP infection,and was closely related to HP infection classification.The combination of HP antibody typing and serum PG and G-17 as a routine test of gastric function is of great significance in the screening and evaluation of early gastric diseases.

Objective To investigate the alterations in killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs)2D and their specific HLA-Cw ligands in patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)and determine whether the changes were correlate to the pathogenesis of AS.Methods Polymerase chain reaction of sequence specific primerB(PCR-SSP)was employed for genotyping the presence or absence of five KIR2D genes(KIR2DL1,2DS1,KIR2DL2,2DL3,2DS2)as well as HLA-Cw01-08 alleles from genomic DNA in 105 individuals with AS,together with 51 individuals with osteoarthritis(OA)and 120 healthy controls.Then HLA-C10-08 was divided into two groups.HLA-Cwasn and HLA-Cwlys to calculate the frequency of KIRID genotype.HLA-Gu alleles and KIR/HLA-Cw genotypes.Results The frequencies of HLA-Cwlys genes were significandy higher in patients with AS(0.269 7)compared with those in OA controls(0.148 2)and healthy controls(0.138 8,P=0.024,P=0.001,respectively).The frequency of KIR2DS1/HLA-Cwlys combination Was also markedly higher in AS group(26.67%)than that in OA controls(11.76%)and healthy controls(13.33%,P=0.039,P=0.018,respectively).Condusion The data suggest that the HLA-Cwlys allele may be associated with genetic susceptibility to AS and moreover.in the existence of HLA-Cwlys.the individuals with KIR2DS1 gene are likely to be at increased risk of AS.

Objective To analyze the correlation of real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR(FQ-PCR)for detecting HCV-RNA loading and the chemiluminescence immunoassay(CLIA)for detecting anti-HCV antibody.Methods 587 samples of anti-HCV an-tibody positive detected by CLIA were furteher detected HCV-RNA by FQ-PCR.Results Among 587 samples of anti-HCV anti-body positive by the CLIA screening,225 samples were HCV-RNA negative and 362 samples were HCV-RNA positive detected by FQ-PCR,and the positive rate was 61 .67%,moreover,which was positively correlated with the S/CO ratio detected by CLIA.Con-clusion The positive rate of HCV-RNA is positively correlated with the S/CO ratio detected by CLIA.The result of HCV-RNA can be predicted according to the S/CO ratio.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistant and transmission mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant K.pneumonia (CR-KP) infection of newborns.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on totally 37 non-repetitive CR-KP which were isolated from patients hospitalized between April 2011 and October 2013.Resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing.Plasmid was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of beta-lactamase.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the genotypes and homology of these isolates.Out-membrane proteins were examined by PCR and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Results Thirty-seven CR-KP isolates were tested.The resistant rates of imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem were 89.2％ (33/37), 83.8％ (31/37) ,97.3％ (36/ 37), respectively.All the 37 CR-KP exhibited 100％ (37/37) sensitivity to tigecycline, colistin, levofloxacin and amikacin, while resistance to most of the other antibiotics.By PCR, 67.6％ (25/37) isolates were blaNDM-1 positive, 35.1％ (13/37) isolates were blaIMP-4 positive and 2.7％ (1/37) isolate were blaIMP-8 positive, including two isolates carrying both blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4.PFGE results showed that the isolates carried 2-4 plasmids and both blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4 were transferable by plasmids.MLST assigned them to sequence type (ST) 20, ST17, ST54, ST705, ST290,which showed that there were infectious outbreaks caused by NDM-1-producing and IMP-4-producing respectively among newborns.SDS-PAGE result indicated that there was no absence of outer membrane proteins OmpK35 and OmpK36.Conclusions The main resistant mechanisms of CR-KP causing infection in newborns were those the isolates carried carbapenemase of blaNDM-1 or blaIMP-4 and the K.pneumonia with two kinds of carbapemenase were detected.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of anti -HCV signal-to-cutoff (S/CO)ratio, AST, ALT and the combined examination of anti-HCV S/CO, AST, ALT for predicting HCV RNA results by a model of logistic regression and receiver -operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Methods Five hundred and eighty -eight anti-HCV positive samples were tested by ELISA , followed by RT-PCR to detect HCV-RNA and enzyme rate method to detect AST, ALT.Patients were divided into viremia and non -viremia groups according to HCV-RNA results.Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each index for a diagnosis of viremia.Results The serum anti-HCV S/CO ratio, AST, ALT of HCV-RNA positive group were higher than HCV-RNA negative group, showing significant statistical difference ( P <0.05).Anti-HCV S/CO, AST and ALT has a closely posi-tive correlation with HCV-RNA ( P <0.05), anti-HCV S /CO >AST >ALT.The Area Under Curve(AUC) of the combined examina-tion of anti-HCV S/CO ratio, AST and ALT was 0.949(95% confidence interval,0.932 to 0.966), higher than the AUC of anti-HCV S/CO ratio, AST and ALT single index examinations , which was 0.894(95 % confidence interval, 0.862 to 0.926), 0.823(95%confidence interval, 0.789 to 0.856) and 0.788(95% confidence interval, 0.750 to0.826 ) respectively.C onclusions The diag-nostic relevance of the three biochemical markers for predicting the presence of viremia was anti -HCV S/CO ratio >AST >ALT.The combined examination of anti-HCV S /CO ratio, AST and ALT in predicting hepatitis C viremia is superior to any single index examina -tion and it can increase the detecting ability of HCV -RNA greatly.