Objective:Nipple discharge is a common complaint in women.There were no accurate techniques in detecting ductal lesions in nipple discharge patients before the application of fiberoptic ductoscopy.The aim of this study was to evaluate fiberoptic ductoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of nipple discharge.Methods: From June 2007 to November 2008,a total of 95 patients with nipple discharge were submitted to fiberoptic ductoscopy,and 50 of them underwent surgery and pathological examination.Results: Of the 95 cases,2 diagnosed as breast cancer,58 intraductal papilloma,23 mammary duct ectasia,and 10 inflammatory disease of the mammary duct.Compared with the results of pathological examination,the accuracy of the fiberoptic ductoscopy was 81% for intraductal papilloma and 100% for breast carcinoma.Conclusions:Fiberoptic ductoscopy,as a convenient,safe and accurate method for the diagnosis and treatment of nipple discharge,can be used to confirm etiological factors and locate the site of the complaint.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic process of the nasal mucosal remodeling, and the effect of the fluticasone propionate (FP) to remodeling, by establish animal model of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: One hundred and twenty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal Group A used as controls and experimental groups: Group B and C, each group had 40 rats. After the animal model were established successfully by OVA+ Al (OH)3 and disposed, then, the dynamic process of the nasal mucosal remodeling was observed, through HE staining and transmission electron microscopic section in special times. RESULT: The Group B, C nasal epithelium and cilia were not complete, eosinophil-based inflammatory cell infiltration, basement membrane thickening, collagen deposition, and a small amount of fibrosis could be found, but the structure of cells were not damaged. While those changes could not be observed in the Group A. The morphological changes of the nasal mucosa of Group B aggravated gradually under persistent allergen exposure, even stripped to the basement membrane in whole epithelial layers, cell and tissue structure were destroyed seriously. The morphological changes of nasal mucosa of Group C did not further increase, but still showed varying degrees of cilia arranged in uneven fashion, basement membrane thickening, collagen deposition and fibrous hyperplasia after treatment by FP. CONCLUSION Remodeling happens in the nasal mucosa, which would be aggravated, and even becomes irreversible if the allergen exposure continues persistently. The FP can relieve the clinical symptoms, slow down and even reverse the remodeling of AR. And it is ineffective when the changes become irreversible.
Androstadienes ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fluticasone ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic expression of the TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 in the nasal mucosa of rat models of allergic rhinitis, at different stages of the process during pathogenesis. METHOD: One hundred and eighty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, the normal Group A used for contrast and experimental groups: Group B and C, each group were 60 rats. Then, observed the expression of the TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 in the nasal mucosa at different stages of the process by immunohistochemical staining. RESULT: The expression of the TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 in the nasal mucosa of the normal Group A was negative, while the Group B and Group C were varying degrees of positive both, and Group B, the level of the TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 were both decline after allergen avoidance, but still more not ability than the expression of the Group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of the TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 in the nasal mucosa of rats models were varying degrees of positive , and it is decline while the allergen avoidance.
Animals ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To explore the initial symptoms of synovitis,acne,pustulosis,hyperostosis,osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome,and to analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of these patients.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the initial symptoms of 164 patients diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome presented at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2004 to 2015,and their clinical,laboratory,and radiological data were collected.The t test,Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used to compare the clinical differences between the SAPHO patients with different initial symptoms.Results Among the 164 patients recruited,84(51.2％) had skin lesions before osteoarticular symptoms,whereas 29(17.7％) after and 42(25.6％) simultaneously.Nine (5.5％) patients had no skin lesions.The time interval between onset of skin and osteoarticular lesions was less than 2 years in 133 (81.1％) patients,but up to 35 years at most.Interestingly,a significantly higher age at onset was observed in patients with osteoarticular symptoms prior to skin lesions than those after [(41 ±10) years vs (36±11) years,t=-2.174,P=0.032].Moreover,positive HLA-B27 was more frequently detected in patients having osteoarticular symptoms as the initial presentations (10.3％ vs 0,P=0.016).Although treated more aggressively before baseline,patients presented with osteoarticular symptoms prior to skin lesions had significantly higher level of hs-CRP at baseline compared with those after [5.42 (1.88,12.70) mg/L vs 11.60 (3.76,22.08) mg/L,Z=-2.096,P=0.036].Conclusion Skin lesions tend to appear prior to osteoarticular symptoms in most SAPHO syndrome patients.The percentage of patients who developed skin lesions after osteoarticular symptoms increase with age at onset.