Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Female ; Humans

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Dental Cements ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Tooth ; drug effects

Citri Fructus identification by fingerprint and chemometrics was investigated in this paper. Twenty-three Citri Fructus samples were collected which referred to two varieties as Cirtus wilsonii and C. medica recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. HPLC chromatograms were obtained. The components were partly identified by reference substances, and then common pattern was established for chemometrics analysis. Similarity analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) , partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap were applied. The results indicated that C. wilsonii and C. medica could be ideally classified with common pattern contained twenty-five characteristic peaks. Besides, preliminary pattern recognition had verified the chemometrics analytical results. Absolute peak area (APA) was used for relevant quantitative analysis, results showed the differences between two varieties and it was valuable for further quality control as selection of characteristic components.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; classification ; Discriminant Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; classification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Principal Component Analysis

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effect of three-dimensional radiotherapy on the survival of patients with stage Ⅳ squamous cell lung cancer.Methods Of the 101 patients collected from two prospective phase Ⅱ studies, 88 were part of the per-protocol set.All patients received platinum-doublet chemotherapy with concurrent radiation to the primary tumor.Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Cox model, respectively.Results The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of the 88 patients were 42.2%, 13.6%, 8.7%, and 3.1%, respectively, and the median survival time (MST) was 10 months.The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS and MST at PTV dose ≥63 Gy were 45.7%, 25.7%, 17.1%, 7.1%, and 11 months, respectively, whereas the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS and MST at PTV dose<63 Gy were 39.6%, 4.5%, 2.8%, 0%, and 10 months, respectively (P=0.007).The median PFS at ≥63 Gy and<63 Gy were 9 months and 7 months, respectively (P=0.032).The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS and PFS of patients who received 4 cycles of chemotherapy at a PTV dose of ≥63 Gy were 51.9%, 29.6%, 18.5%, 9.9%, and 9 months, respectively (P=0.001 and P=0.012), which were significantly prolonged compared with other treatment modalities.Multivariate analysis showed that PTV ≥63 Gy may be influence the OS of patients (P=0.080).Conclusions Three-dimensional radiotherapy can prolong the survival of patients with stage ⅠV squamous cell lung cancer, as demonstrated by the gradual improvement in OS and PFS following the increase in the intensity of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy.A PTV dose of ≥63 Gy may be influence the OS.

Objective To investigate the indication and result of parental artery occlusion, embolization with coils, stents in treatment of the traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Methods There were six patients with traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm including three patients of cavernous pseudoaneurysm combined with carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), two with simple traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm and one with traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm that was found after CCF embolization with detachable balloon. The treatment included balloon occlusion for CCF and traumatic carotid pseudoaneurysm in one patient, coil embolization in three and intenal carotid artery balloon occlusion in two. The Clinical manifestations, imaging data, choice of treatment, clinical efficacy, follow-up data and literatures were analyzed to discuss the indications for three treatments. Results There was no cerebral ischemia or surgically-related complication. No epistaxis occurred. The eyeball protrusion restoration was found in three patients and intracranial bruit vanishing in three. Vision was improved one patient after half a year follow-up. The pupils shrank in three patients during follow - up. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed no recurrence of pseudoaneurysm. Conclusions Endovascular treatment is the preferred choice of treatment for traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. The occlusion or parent artery balloon occlusion can be used when the pseudoaneurysm is combined with CCF. Coil embolization can be used for shoes with narrow neck, stent technology combined with coil embolization for those with wide neck and the covered stent for the rock section of the internal carotid artery.

Objective To evaluate the recovery of circulation of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)around foramen magnum before and after duraplasty in patients with Chiari Ⅰ malformation (CMI) treated by foramen magnum decompression by using colored Doppler ultrasound (CDU). Methods Twenty patients suffered from CMI, including 17 combined with syringomyelia, admitted to our hospital from December 2008 to June 2009, were performed foramen magnum decompression via posterior midline approach; Neuropatch was used to repair the dura mater. Tarlov's grading scale and MRI was employed to evaluate the efficacy and the improvement of syringomyelia. All patients underwent CDU before and 10-20 d after the duraplasty to evaluate the circulation of CSF in arachnoid space below tonsil of cerebellar (TC). Results Fifteen patients (75%) got improvement and 5 without change after the surgery. Postoperative MRI indicated that 82.4% patients (14/17) combined with syringomyelia enjoyed good results. Cisterna magna reappeared after the surgery. CDU showed that bidirectional flow of CSF was recovered around foramen magnum in all patients with the Caudal-directed flow rate of CSF in dorsal arachnoid space below TC 8.92 ±5.19 cm/s and cephalad-directed flow rate of 6.85 ±2.44 cm./s; as compared with that after the surgery, the bidirectional flow could be found in only 11 patients before duraplasty (55%). Conclusion Foramen magnum decompression with duraplasty can restore the circulation of CSF around foramen magnum effectively in patients with CMI, and CDU, providing accurate data of circulation of CSF during or after the surgery, is a useful tool to evaluate the flow of CSF in patients with CMI.

Objective To investigate iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Chongqing and Linzhi, and to provide scientific basis for IDD control and prevention. Methods According to the national program developed in 2007, investigation was conducted in Chengkou and Wuxi county in Chongqing municipality, and Linzhi, Bomi,Milin and Langxian county in Linzhi prefecture. Five towns were sampled in Linzhi county, and 3 in other counties.In each town, one township primary school and two village primary schools were selected to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation, and urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years was tested in these schools. Meanwhile,2 villages were selected in each town for test of salt iodine level and urinary iodine of childbearing age women and search cretin cases. Results Three hundred and forty families in Chongqing and 915 families in Linzhi were investigated. The coverage of iodized salt in Chongqing was 98.82%(336/340), which was significantly higher than that in Linzhi[66.34%(607/905), x2 = 139.56, P ＜ 0.01]. Goiter rate of children in Chongqing was 9.27%(89/960) by palpation and 8.34% (61/731) by B ultrasound, while goiter rate of children in Linzhi was 7.80%(102/1308) by palpation and 5.53% (69/1248) by B ultrasound. The difference of goiter rate by palpation between Chongqing and Linzhi was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.37, P ＞ 0.05 ). But goiter rate of children by B ultrasound in Chongqing was higher than that in Linzhi (x2= 5.51, P ＜ 0.05). In Chongqing, the median urinary iodine was 319.15 μg/L, and 345.75 μg/L in Chengkou county and 281.39 μg/L in Wuxi county. In Linzhi prefecture, the median urinary iodine was 189.81 μg/L, and 207.81 μg/L in Linzhi county, 161.12 μg/L in Bomi county, 131.83 μg/L in Milin county and 334.60 μg/L in Langxian county. The median urinary iodine in childbearing women were 248.42 μg/L in Chongqing and 121.25 μg/L in Linzhi. The median urinary iodine in Chongqing both in children and women were higher than those in Linzhi. No new cretin case was found in these two areas. Conclusions Goiter rate in high risk areas of IDD in Chongqing and Linzhi has decreased to less than 10%.No new cretin case is found in these areas. It can be concluded that the work of control and prevention is effective.There is excess iodine in Chongqing. In Linzhi county and Langxian county, iodine is excess in children and deficient in women. Further investigation should be conducted to find out the reason. Population iodine is excess in Bomi and Milin counties. The concentration of salt iodine should be decreased in Chongqing. In Linzhi prefecture,adding iodine measures should be adjusted based on further investigation.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the current situation of the growth and development on Chinese Han children and adolescents.

METHODSUsing the 2004 National Survey on Students' Physical Fitness and Health, the body height, weight and chest circumference of 161,477 subjects aged 7 to 18 enrolled in this study were analyzed.

RESULTSIt showed that the levels of the growth and development in urban students were better than those of rural students (P < 0.01). The average level on stature of 12-aged students were 152.78 cm and 148.66 cm respectively for urban and rural boys, and the deference was 4.12 cm; the mean heights of urban and rural girls were 152.68 cm and 149.24 cm respectively, and the deference was 3.44 cm. The average level on body weight of 12-aged students were 44.75 kg and 39.27 kg respectively for urban and rural boys, and the deference was 5.48 kg; the mean weights of urban and rural girls were 42.91 kg and 39.17 kg respectively, and the deference was 3.74 kg. The average level on chest circumference of 12-aged urban students was beyond the rural students 3.68 cm and 2.56 cm respectively by gender. The average level on body height and weight of 7 to 14 aged students of east inshore areas were more than those of southwest, northwest and middle areas (P < 0.01). The mean body height and weight of students of southwest area were the lowest in whole country (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIt reveals that attaching further importance to improve the work of students' physical fitness and health and nutrition in inland areas, especially in southwest areas and rural areas, would be contributory to the growth and development of the children and adolescents.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Development ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child Development ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population ; Students ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo analyze the motor performance status in students of Han nationality in fifteen provinces in china.

METHODSTotally, 161 804 students of Han nationality aged from 7 to 18 years old were involved in the Chinese Surveillance on Students' Physical Fitness and Health in 2004. Motor abilities were accessed with the aid of gripping power, 50 m dash, standing long jump, and 1-min sit-ups. Based on general statistical description, principal component analysis and linear regression, the development characters of students' motor performance were explored.

RESULTSThis research showed some characters similar to those of last ones: motor capability was improved in correlation with age; boys did better than girls, the difference between 18 year-old rural boys and rural girls was 15.3 kg, -2.0 s, 58.6 cm, 8.7/min; the urban students performed better than the rural ones, the difference between 15 year-old urban boys and rural boys was 0.9 kg, -0.2 s, 3.5 cm, 3.5/min. The first principal component might represent the 4 tests greatly. Regression analysis on principal component quantitatively interpreted the influence of factors such as age, sex and area.

CONCLUSIONSThe general principles of exercise quality development of students are still in work. Principal component analysis should be adequate and convenient in motor performance analysis.

Adolescent ; Body Constitution ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Education and Training ; Physical Fitness ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Students ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo analyze the role of step-test on large sample surveillance in students' physical fitness and health.

METHODSTotally, 36 237 students aged 12-, 14- and 17-year-old from fifteen Chinese provinces taking part in the 2004th National Surveillance on Students' Physical Fitness and Health were enrolled in this study. All of them passed through the step-test, of which the indices were calculated in combining with the performance time and pulse rates in resuming period. The means of step-test index were analyzed among various youth groups, and compared with the obesity, overweight and the normal-weight subjects.

RESULTSAs compared with the general level of physical growth, the means of step-test index were found higher in rural groups than in urban ones, and higher in southern groups than in northern ones. The highest means of index was found in the rural groups in having the lowest socioeconomic status, and also the lowest means found in metropolis groups having the highest socioeconomic status. These gaps were due to the change of life style, absence of physical exercise and relatively to the high body weight of the high socioeconomic-level groups. Among the obesity, overweight and normal-weight youths, the means of step-test index was shown in a gradient decrease tendency, and those significant gaps might be found between the obesity and the overweight, and the overweight and the normal-weight groups, showing that there should be harmful influences of overweight and obesity on the youth's cardiovascular function.

CONCLUSIONAs a safe and easily-taken measure for cardiovascular function, the step-test should be useful in regularly measuring the national students' physical fitness and health status.

Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; prevention & control ; Physical Fitness ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Students ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult