Xigu is an important term and concept in the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion. In this paper, textual research is performed to trace the original meaning of the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor; and by referencing medical experts' annotation and research in the history, the interpretation and annotation of Xigu is conducted. Besides, the relationship between Xigu and acupoint is discussed and emphasized. Hence, this paper could provide reference for acupoint theoretical research and clinical practice of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

Objective To study the possible protective effect of low dose whole body γ-irradia-tion on dopaminergic neuron. Methods In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-in-duced injury mice model,the levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in striata of mice were detec-ted by igh performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC), and neurons (dopaminergic neuron, activated gitter cell and horizontal cell) were counted by immunohistochemical staining after low dose whole body irradiation. Results 3.5 Gy irradiation significantly restored the levels of DA and its metabolites decreased by MPTP. Conclnsion Low dose whole-body γ-irradiation does offer neuroproteetion againstMPTP- mediated damage of striatal dopaminergic nerve fibers.

Molecular targeted agents for small cell lung cancer have been introduced in great many clinical trials in recent years. The classes of targeted agents include antiangiogenic agents,growth factor receptor inhibitors,Bcl-2 inhibitors,SCR kinase inb.ibitors, recombinant molecules N-901 and inhibitors of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. The class of antiangiogenic agents,including bevacizumab and thalidomide,is be-ing evaluated in phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ trials. The tyrosine and Scr kinase inhibitors are being evaluated in phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ trials. The recombinant molecule, N-901 is undergoing phase Ⅱ testing in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer. The other pathways undergoing evaluation for the development of pharmacologic agents include inhibiturs of bcl-2 and sonic hedgehog signaling,which are being tested in the earliest phases of clinical evalua-tion. Primary data shows small cell lung cancer is not sensitive to targeted therapy and further studies are re-quested.

Objective To study the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein in osteosarcoma,and discuss the role of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 gene in the occurrence and development of human osteosarcoma,as well the relationship between their expression levels and Ennecking staging.Methods SP immunohistochemical staining assay was applied to detecting the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein in 30 aptients with osteosarcoma,and the results were analyzed with SPSS11.0 software.Results The positive rate of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein in osteosarcoma was respectively 73.3% and 86.7%.There were prominent differences of positive rate of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 between osteosarcoma and osteochondroma groups.The expression rates of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein had no significant difference among osteosarcoma Ennecking grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅲ respectively.In osteosarcoma group,no correlation existed between the expression rates of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3(P＞0.05).Conclusion Although the occurrence and development of human osteosarcoma are correlated with the dropout of apoptosis,they are implicated in a complicated course participated by multiple genes and procedures.Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 gene play a certain role partly.SP immunohistochemical staining assay shows a higher sensitivity in detecting the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein in osteosarcoma;however,their expression levels were not correlative to Ennecking staging.Therefore,the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 may not be used as the criteria of the malignant degree and prognosis of osteosarcoma.

Minimally invasive treatment has received increasing attention in the field of tumor therapy. Imaging-guided ablation (phys-ical or chemical) and 125I particle implantation have recently become first-line therapies for malignant tumors. A comparison with com-puted tomography, ultrasound, or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) illustrates that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows ex-treme superiority in both intracranial tumor diagnosis and interventional therapy. Nevertheless, MRI also has a deficiency. This study aims to discuss the value of an MRI-guided minimally invasive treatment in glioma and its metastatic tumor.

Objective To explore the optimum treatment of low back pain due to osteoporosis.Methods60 female patients aged 60～86 years with low back pain due to osteoporosis treated from January, 2007 to December, 2009 were investigated.ResultsCompared with spinal radicle block, silver needle combined with dorsal spinal radicle block could treat low back pain due to osteoporosis more effectively and its long term curative effect was obvious.ConclusionSilver needle combined with dorsal spinal radicle block has good analgesic effect on low back pain due to osteoporosis.

Acetyltransferases ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; S100 Proteins ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

According to the records in Neijing (Internal Classic), this article discusses the relationship during the connotative evolution of mai (vessel) and jing (meridian) in the three aspects, named mai (vessels), the evolution from mai (vessel) to jing (meridian), and the connotation replacement of jing (meridian) with mai (vessel). The study results show that the connotation of Jingmai is originated from mai (vessel), but more enriched, which cannot be confused with each other. The recognition on the connotation of jingmai from mai (vessel) to jing (meridian) is the process of TCM understanding from concretization to abstraction, and from the entity to the concept. Jing (meridian) represents the law on the longitudinal and invariable running course of meridian, differenti from the perspective in western medicine in human body. This law results from the naive observation and is based on the rational summary and thinking, and it stands up the approval from practice. The description of jing (meridian) as mai (vessel) is just the superficial description of this term. In fact, its concept infers to the connotation of meridian.
China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Qi ; history

Dust ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; etiology

Objective To investigate the relationships between serum inflammatory mediators and myocardial injury in rats with sepsis.Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group and sepsis (0,24,48,72 h) groups.The rats subjected to sepsis were induced with cecum ligation perforation (CLP).Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) in the venous blood were measured at 0 h,24 h,48 h,and 72 h after CLP.The lactic acid (Lac) of the arterial blood,cardiac index (CI),acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score were also determined simultaneously.Results The levels of TNF-α,IL-6,cTnI,NT-proBNP,and Lac in sepsis (24 h,48 h,and 72 h) groups were significantly elevated compared to normal control and sepsis (0 h) group.In addition,the number of sepsis (24 h,48 h,and 72 h) groups progressively increased (P ＜0.05).Conclusions It existed a close relationship between serum inflammatory mediators and myocardial injury,and made myocardium damage after CLP.