Objective To investigate the relations between radiological findings and pathological classification of superficial depressed(Ⅱc type)early gastric cancer.Methods Radiological features in subtonic double contrast barium examination and the endoscopic pictures of early gastric cancer compared with the global pathological specimens and micro-pathological features were prospectively studied.Combined with the gastric endoscopic pictures,the sharpness of margin of the lesions,the changes of converging mucosal folds and the changes of the depressed surface on the film of double contrast barium examination were analyzed.The correlation between the radiological features and histological classification of gastric cancer including well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma(tub1),moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma(tub2),poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma(por)and signet-ring cell carcinoma(sig) were studied.Results In 102 cases of Ⅱc type early gastric cancer,there were tubl 27 cases,tub2 11, por 26 and sig 38 cases histologically.The margin of the depressed lesions of tub1(24 cases)and tub2 (9 cases)cancers were mostly unsharply demarcated or with fine spicular border,while the margin of lesions of por(15 cases)and sig(31 cases)were mostly clearly and sharply demarcated,with statistical significance (P

OBJECTIVETo understand the role of KCNE2 in functional regulation of Kv4.3, the major alpha subunit of transient outward current (I(to)) in human heart.

METHODSThe cDNAs of Kv4.3 or Kv4.3 plus KCNE2 were transfected into COS-7 cells and 24-36 h after the transfection, the channel proteins were expressed in the surface membrane of the cells and the channel currents were recorded with patch-clamp technique in whole-cell mode.

RESULTSKCNE2 played an important role in modulating the channel function. The recorded current density was decreased in cells co-expressing KCNE2 and Kv4.3 to 152.96-/+33.71 pA/pF (n=16) as compared with Kv4.3-expressing cells with a mean current density of 375.13-/+112.87 pA/pF (n=11). At the recording voltage of 60 mV, KCNE2 increased the time to peak (TTP) of the current. TTP in only Kv4.3-expressing cells was 4.82-/+0.32 ms (n=11), significantly shorter than the TTP of 20.41-/+2.13 ms (n=16) in cells co-expressing Kv4.3 and KCNE2 (P<0.05). In the presence of KCNE2, the voltage-dependent inactivation of Kv4.3 showed a positive shift. The voltage of half maximum inactivation (V(0.5)) was decreased significantly from -53.62-/+1.24 mV (n=8) in Kv4.3 group to -46.58-/+1.6 mV (n=10) in KCNE2 co-expression group (P<0.05). KCNE2 accelerated the recovery of the channel from inactivation, reducing the recovery time constant (tau) from 193.43-/+17.98 ms to 137.71-/+18.29 ms.

CONCLUSIONKCNE2 might serve as an important beta subunit and play a role in the regulation of I(to) function in human heart.

Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Humans ; Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Shal Potassium Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Transfection

Objective To discuss the etiology,clinical features and treatments of patients with pituitary adenomas having onset symptom of hyponatremia.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on etiology,clinical features and treatment methods of 28 patients with pituitary adenomas having onset symptom ofhyponetramia,admitted to our hospital from Jantary 2003 to December 2012.Results Among 28 patients,27 had non-functional pituitary adenomas and one prolactinoma; 23 had pituitary macroadenomas and 5 giant adenomas; 22 achieved total tumor resection through transsphenoidal approach,2 subtotal removal and 4 received conservative therapy.In total,13 were combined with hypocortisolism,8 with hypothyroidism,5 with both hypocortisolism and hypothyroidism,and 2 with hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in preoperative evaluation.Hyponatremia was corrected by hormone replacement therapy and water limitation during perioperative and postoperative period.Conclusions Pituitary adenomas with onset symptom of hyponatremia are mostly non-functional pituitary macroadenomas.Pituitary adenoma resection is the first-line treatment; hyponatremia and anterior pituitary hypofunction should be corrected in perioperative period,and close postoperative follow-up is necessary.

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of endoscopic thyroidectomy via mammary areola approach and conventional via chest wall and breasts approach.Methods A total of 480 cases undergoing endoscopic thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules between September 2002 and September 2012 were reviewed,including 280 cases via the chest wall and breasts approach between September 2002 and August 2009 and 190 cases via mammary areola approach between September 2002 and September 2012.The mean operation time,the location and diameter of the puncture pore,intraoperative bleeding volume,the mean hospital stay after surgery,postoperative pain score scaled by visual analog scores (VAS) were compared between groups.After 3-month follow-up,long term post-surgical complications,the recurrence rates of nodules and scar cosmetic satisfaction evaluation were also compared.Statistical methods including x2 test,Students' test and ANOVA analysis were applied.Results Two groups were followed for 12 months.The differences between groups were statistically obvious in variables of diameters of the puncture pore (15.5 mm ± 4.9 mm vs.20.6 mm ± 7.6 mm,t =2.42,P =0.046),intraoperative bleeding volume (16.2ml ±4.5 ml vs.30.5 ml ± 11.4 ml,t =2.53,P =0.032),pain score on the first day after operation(1.5 ±0.4) and (1.0 ± 0.2),(t =4.68,P =0.020),scar cosmetic satisfaction evaluation 3 months after operation (x2 =6.20,P ＜ 0.05),chest wall numbness (0 vs.72.4％,x2 =380,P =0.000).But there were no significant differences in the mean operation time,the mean hospital stay after surgery,and the recurrence rates of nodules between two groups.Conclusion Minimally invasive endoscopic thyroidectomy via mammary areola approach is a safe and effective method for the surgery of thyroid nodules with good aesthetic outcome.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and surgical results of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas.

METHODSMRI characteristics and relationship between MRI positive rate and surgical results of 266 patients with pathologically confirmed Cushing's disease were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent thin-section sagittal and coronal scans of the pituitary gland before and after administration of gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) on a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, and dynamic enhanced MRI was performed in 39 patients. All patients underwent transsphenoidal adenomectomy. Endocrinological examinations and assessments were performed.

RESULTSPreoperative MRI revealed normal results in 41 (15.4%) cases, microadenoma in 179 (67.3%), macroadenoma in 42 (15.8%), and huge adenoma in 4 (1.5%). Pituitary apoplexy was found in 13 (4.9%) cases. Positive rate of ACTH-secreting adenomas was 84.6% (225/266) on MRI scans, and that of small microadenomas was 87.2% (34/39) on dynamic enhanced MRI scans. Preoperative endocrinological tests of 199 cases supported the diagnosis of typical Cushing's disease, while the other 67 cases had atypical endocrinological results. The endocrinological cure rate, remission rate, and inefficacy rate were 85.7%, 7.9%, and 6.4%, respectively. There was no difference in the initial endocrinological cure rate between the patients with positive and normal MRI results (90% vs. 87.8%, P = 0.904).

CONCLUSIONSEnhanced coronal pituitary MRI is helpful for preoperative localization of ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma. Dynamic enhanced MRI may improve detection rate of microadenoma. There is no marked difference in the surgical results for patients with preoperative MRI results indicating presence or absence of microadenoma.

Adenoma ; diagnosis ; secretion ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; secretion ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secretion ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo silence the expression of Raf-1 gene in HNE1 cells using vector-based RNA interference (RNAi) technique.

METHODSThe vector containing the human U6 promoter was used for targeted gene silencing when a dsDNA oligonucleotide encoding an appropriate shRNA was ligated into the vector, and 67nt oligonucleotide fragment was inserted into the downstream of the U6 promoter. Plasmids containing different Raf-1 target sequences [ (1) pshuttle-Raf-1-a( 225), (2) pshattle-Raf-1-b ( 358) and (3) pshuttle-Raf-1-c(474)], were transfected into HNE1 cells. Expression of Raf-1 mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR. Apoptosis were determined by cytometry.

RESULTSVector-based RNAi had advantages over antisense RNA because it could be delivered to the target cell more efficiently, and effect could last longer. Raf-1 expression could be inhibited by plasmid-expressed shRNA. Three different targeting sequences were selected from Raf-1 gene, and the inhibitory effect of pSIREN shuttle-Raf-1-b (358) was biggest.

CONCLUSIONRaf-1 expression in HNE1 cells can be inhibited significantly using plasmid-based RNAi.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To explore the existence of natural loci on Marmota himalayana plague in Sichuan province and to provide basis for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Both epidemiological investigation and laboratory tests were used to provide the host animal and fleas of the vectors with Yersinia pestis carriers. Results 30 species of animals were found to belong to 10 orders. Ochotona curzoniae and M.himalayana were the most common ones while 7 species of the fleas belonged to 7 genera and 3 families. M.himalayana was the main reservoirs while Callopsylla dolabris and Oropsylla silantiewi served as vectors. The 13 Y.pestis were identified from 43 Marmota samples. 8 samples were identified under IHA, with the highest titer of herding-dogs serum as 1 : 10 240. 19 samples were F1 antigen positive using RIHA and the highest titer of M.himalayana serum was 1:409 600. The major foci was 4545 km2, distributed at Dege county in Sichuan province. Conclusion We have confirmed the existence of natural foci on M. Himalayana plague in Sichuan province.

Objective To evaluate the effects of amino acids (AA) on the development of in vitro cultured preimplantation embryos of Kunming mice, and define the optimal AA concentration for embryo culture. Methods Totally 630 zygotes were collected from the oviducts of superovulated female Kunming mice, which were cultured in protein-free potassium simplex optimized medium (mKSOM) supplemented with Eagle's essential amino acids and Eagle's non-essential amino acids of different concentrations (mKSOM, mKSOM+1/16AA, mKSOM+1/8AA, mKSOM+1/4AA, mKSOM+1/2AA, mKSOM+AA, and mKSOM+2AA). Results The embryos cultured with the amino acids showed higher development rate to both 8-cell embryo stage and blastocyst stage than those cultured without amino acids. The correlation of amino acid concentration with 8-cell and blastocyst development rates conformed to the cubic model, with the highest development rate to both of the two stages observed at half of the amino acid concentration. Conclusion Amino acids can promote the development of preimplantation Kunming mouse embryos, but excessively high concentration of amino acids impair embryo development possibly because of metabolic and osmotic pressure changes of the embryos as well as toxicity of ammonium resulting from the metabolism of amino acids.

Objective To evaluate the effects of amino acids (AA) on the development of in vitro cultured preimplantation embryos of Kunming mice, and define the optimal AA concentration for embryo culture. Methods Totally 630 zygotes were collected from the oviducts of superovulated female Kunming mice, which were cultured in protein-free potassium simplex optimized medium (mKSOM) supplemented with Eagle's essential amino acids and Eagle's non-essential amino acids of different concentrations (mKSOM, mKSOM+1/16AA, mKSOM+1/8AA, mKSOM+1/4AA, mKSOM+1/2AA, mKSOM+AA, and mKSOM+2AA). Results The embryos cultured with the amino acids showed higher development rate to both 8-cell embryo stage and blastocyst stage than those cultured without amino acids. The correlation of amino acid concentration with 8-cell and blastocyst development rates conformed to the cubic model, with the highest development rate to both of the two stages observed at half of the amino acid concentration. Conclusion Amino acids can promote the development of preimplantation Kunming mouse embryos, but excessively high concentration of amino acids impair embryo development possibly because of metabolic and osmotic pressure changes of the embryos as well as toxicity of ammonium resulting from the metabolism of amino acids.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical efficacy of osteotomy and fusion in treating severe rigid equinus deformity.

METHODSFrom April 2010 to October 2015, 13 patients(16 feet) with severe rigid equinus deformity were treated with osteotomy and fusion by hollow screw, including 6 males and 7 females aged from 39 to 62 years old with an average of(49.6±5.3) years old;the courses of diseases ranged from 5 to 27 years with an average of (9.0±4.8) years. Six patients (9 feet) were treated with osteotomy and fusion for three joints, 4 patients(4 feet) were treated with osteotomy and fusion for four joints, and 3 patients (3 feet) were treated with osteotomy and fusion for tibiotalar and calcaneal-talar joints. All patients manifested as foot pain, heel could not touch floor and walking before operation. Postoperative complications were observed, AOFAS score were applied to evaluate clinical effect.

RESULTSThirteen patients were followed up from 18 to 24 months with an average of 20 months. Only one patient occurred local skin necrosis after operation and healed by dressing change and anti-infective therapy. All feet obtained fracture healing, the time ranged from 12 to 16 weeks with an average of 13.2 weeks. AOFAS score were improved from 11.85±10.66 before operation to 81.38±3.69 after operation, and had significant difference(=-25.67, <0.05);15 feet good and 1 foot moderate.

CONCLUSIONSTibiotalar and calcaneal-talar joint fusion, osteotomy and fusion for three and four joints could treat severe rigid equinus deformity according to patients' individual and could obtain satisfied clinical effects.

Adult ; Arthrodesis ; Calcaneus ; pathology ; Equinus Deformity ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy ; Treatment Outcome