Objective To study local people's habits and customs concerning the prevention of dental fluorosis in an indoor coal-combustion-type fluorosis area of Zhaotong city Yunnan province, and to provide reference value for monitoring and control of the disease. Methods In 2008, 600 people of a 12-year-old group (400 people) and a 35 - 44-year-old group(200 people) were examined for dental fluorosis and oral health status in an indoor coal-combustion-type fluorosis area of Zhaotong. A questionnaire survey of 120 students and 60 adults was carried out on their habits and customs, stove changing status, knowledge of prevention of dental fluorosis, social psychology status, oral health behavior and their need for medical treatment. Results The total prevalence of dental fluorosis was 91.0% (546/600), dental fluorosis index was 2.58. The total prevalence of dental fluorosis of 12-year-old group was 86.5%(346/400), and dental fluorosis index was 2.12. The total prevalence of dental fluorosis of rural student was 90.5% (181/200), which was obviously higher in the rural group than the urban group [82.5% (165/200), χ2 = 5.48, P < 0.05]. The total prevalence of dental fluorosis of 35-44-year-old group was 100% (200/200), which was obviously higher than that of the 12-year-old group(χ2 = 29.67, P < 0.01). The rates of using coal, baking of food, changing stoves were 66.7% (60/90), 14.4% (13/90),57.8% (52/90), respectively, and these values of the urban were much lower than those of the rural[95.6%(86/90) ,31.1%(28/90) ,76.7%(69/90),χ2 = 24.51,7.11,7.29, all P < 0.01]. Only 23.3% (42/180) of people surveied had the knowledge of prevention of dental fluorosis, and the rate in the adult group[56.7% (34/60)]was higher than that of the student group [6.7% (8/120), χ2 = 55.9, P < 0.01]. The same rate in the urban student group was 0(0/60), and the rural student group was 13.3%(8/60), there was a significant difference between them(χ2 = 5.66, P < 0.05). Seventy-three point nine per cent( 133/180) of these people thought dental fluorosis had significant effect on their life, 91.1%(164/180) of these 'people wished to be treated. Eighty-four point four per cent( 152/180) of the people had a habit of toothbrushing,and 50.7% (77/152) of these people were still using toothpaste containing fluorine. Conclusions Zhaotong is a serious indoor coal-combustion-type fluorosis area. Enhancing health education to local people especially to students, and changing people's unhealthy habits and customs are keies to control the prevalence of indoor coal-combustion-type dental fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of syndecan-1 (SDC1) in glioma cells and the effects of synde?can-1 knockdown on the proliferation and invasion of A172 cells. Methods The expression of syndecan-1 in glioma cells was analyzed using quantitative Real-time PCR and Western blotting. A172 cells were transfected with lentiviral vector carrying SDC1 shRNA to establish a stable SDC1-silencing cell line. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were performed to measure the migration and invasion abilities, respectively. The mRNA and protein and expression levels of SDC1, Proliferation Cell Nuclear An?tigen (PCNA) and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were detected by using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results The expression levels of SDC1 were significantly different in different glioma cell lines. The stable SDC1-silencing cell line was successfully established, in which the mRNA and protein expression levels of SDC1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). SDC1 knockdown significantly reduced the cell proliferation, migration(58.40±5.24 vs. 255.8±16.09、226.5± 22.84,F=126.4,P<0.05)and invasion(61.67 ± 16.26 vs. 233.70 ± 17.24、244.30 ± 28.15,F=69.87,P<0.05)compared with either control group or blank group. SDC1 knockdown also significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of PCNA and MMP-9 (P<0.05). Conclusion:SDC1 knockdown suppresses the capacities of proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma A172 cell, implying that SDC1 may serve as a novel target in the biotherapy of glioma.

Objective To investigate the effect of different gene expression levels of Syntenin on invasion and mi?gration of glioma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Lentiviral RNA interference was used to knockdown the expression of syntenin in U-87 cells. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of syntenin . Transwell assay and adhesion assay were used to examine the invasion, migration and adhesion, re?spectively. Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of Syntenin, AKT, p-AKT, and MMP-9. Re?sults The mRNA expression level of Syntenin was greatly reduced in interference group compared with empty vector group (P<0.01). The ability of invasion and migration was much lower in interference group than in empty vector group (P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in invasion and migration between empty vector group and con?trol group. The adhesion ability of glioma U-87 cells was much higher in interference group than in empty vector group (P<0.05). However, when U-87 cells were seeded on 96-wells coated with HUVEC, the adhesion ability was much lower in interference group than in empty vector group(P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Syntenin, p-AKT, and MMP-9 in interference group were markedly decreased compared with empty vector group(P<0.05). There was no signif?icant difference in expression of AKT protein between interference group and empty vector group (P>0.05). Conclusion Syntenin may enhance the invasion and migration ability of glioma though up-regulation of p-AKT, which in turn pro?motes MMP-9 expression in a corresponding signal transduction pathway.

ObjectiveTo study the correlation of urinary iodine and thyroid function in elderly men in Harbin,and to provide the basis for formulation of health measures for the elderly.MethodsSeventy five cases of clinically healthy elderly men were enrolled for check-up of urinary iodine,thyroid function and B-ultrasound in Geriatric Ward the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in 2010.The subjects of investigation were divided into iodine appropriate and iodine sufficient groups and thyroid function parameters and B-ultrasound results were compared.ResultsThe average age of the 75 cases of healthy elderly men was (79.07 ± 4.78) years old and the median of urinary iodine was 198.4 μg/L.There were 62.67％ (47/75) elderly males whose iodine nutritional status was appropriate,but there were still some individuals(6.67％,5/75) in the iodine excess state.The level of TSH of the iodine appropriate group [(1.91 ± 0.82)mU/L] was lower than that iodine sufficient group [(4.98 ±0.60)mU/L,t =12.58,P ＜ 0.05],while the level of FT3 of the iodine appropriate group[(4.71 ± 0.56)pmol/L]was higher than that iodine sufficient group[(3.31 ± 0.43)pmol/L,t =12.18,P ＜ 0.05].But the difference of FT4between the two groups [(14.91 ± 3.12),(14.06 ± 2.79)pmol/L] was not statistically significant (t =1.40,P ＞0.05].The thyroid volume of iodine sufficient group[(20.9 ± 6.1 )cm3] was higher than that iodine appropriate group [(17.9 ± 5.6)cm3,t =2.11,P ＜ 0.05].ConclusionsSufficient quantities of iodine intake may affect the thyroid of elderly people.Whether the quantity of iodine intake of the elderly population should be decreased or not need to be further studied.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the craniofacial characteristics of the Class II malocclusion patients with mouth-breating by posteroanterior cephalometry.

METHODSTo measure craniofacial width of the 12 Class II malocclusion patients with mouth-breathing, and to compared these measures with corresponding measures in a group of normal children.

RESULTSThe width of the maxillary base bone (J-J) was less than that in normal children significantly (P < 0.01). The mouth-breathing children's upper and lower arch width (at first molar and cuspid) were comparatively narrower, and lateronasal width (Lap-Lap) was narrower too.

CONCLUSIONMouth breathing may lead to craniofacial morphological abnormal development in craniofacial transverse structures.

Adolescent ; Cephalometry ; Child ; Cuspid ; Dental Arch ; Face ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; Maxilla ; Molar

AIM:To investigate the effects of proteasome inhibitor MG 132 on the expression of SnoN in renal tubule epithelial cells incubated in high glucose , and to explore the possible mechanism and function that MG 132 reduces or slows down renal tubular interstitial injury after incubated in high glucose .METHODS:The NRK-52E cells were divid-ed into normal control group (NG), high glucose group (HG) and high glucose plus pretreatment with different doses of MG132 group (HG+MG132).The immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the protein expression of E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in NRK-52E cells under different conditions .The relative protein expression levels of SnoN, Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), Arkadia, E-cadherin, α-SMA and collagen type Ⅰ(Col-Ⅰ) were detected by Western blotting .RESULTS:Compared with NG group , the expression of E-cadherin and SnoN was de-creased (P<0.05), while the expression of α-SMA, Col-Ⅰ, Smurf2 and Arkadia was increased (P<0.05).Compared with HG group, the protein expression of SnoN and E-cadherin was significantly up-regulated in HG+MG132 group ( P<0.05 ) , and the protein expression of α-SMA and Col-Ⅰwas significantly down-regulated in a dose-depended manner ( P<0.05).However, no effect on the protein expression of Smurf2 and Arkadia was observed.CONCLUSION: MG132 in-hibits the degradation of SnoN protein induced by high glucose , thus reducing the renal fibrosis .

Objective: To review the application of polymeric micelles as the vehicles in transdermal delivery systems.Methods: Based on the recently published papers, the researches of preparation, penetration mechanism, drug release and application of polymeric micelles in transdermal delivery systems were classified and summarized.Results: Polymeric micelles were extensively applied as drug vehicles due to the ability of solubilization and transdermal absorption enhancement.Conclusion: Polymeric micelles can be used as promising vehicles in transdermal delivery systems, which show a good application prospect.

Purpose: The main treatment options of neurogenic bladder remains catheterization and long-term oral medications. Metabolic interventions have shown good therapeutic results in many diseases. To date, no studies have characterized the metabolites of the detrusor muscle during neurogenic bladder. Using metabolomics, new muscle metabolomic signatures were identified to reveal the temporal metabolic profile of muscle during disease progression. Methods: We used 42 Sprague-Dawley rats (200±20 g, males) for T10 segmental spinal cord injury modeling and collected detrusor tissue and performed nontargeted metabolomics after sham surgery, 30-minute, 6-hour, 12-hour, 24-hour, 5-day, and 2-week postmodelling, to identify the dysregulated metabolic pathways and key metabolites. Results: By comparing mzCloud, mzVault, MassList, we identified a total of 1,271 metabolites and enriched a total of 12 metabolism-related pathways with significant differences (P<0.05) based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Metabolites in several differential metabolic pathways such as ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism are altered in a regular manner before and after ridge shock. Conclusions Our study is the first time-based metabolomic study of rat forced urinary muscle after traumatic spinal cord injury, and we identified multiple differential metabolic pathways during injury that may improve long-term management strategies for neurogenic bladder and reduce costs in long-term treatment.

Objective To improve the quality of the management of the elderly patients with cancer in Sichuan province,and to understand the attitudes and perspectives of elderly surgeons and oncologists for the management and treatment of elderly patients with cancer.Methods A face-toface questionnaire interview was conducted with oncologists (n 64) and geriatricians (n =64).128 physicians were involved in this study.Results The cancer management and therapeutics were deemed appropriate at present by 9.38％ (6/64)of the geriatricians and 25.00％ (16/64)of the oncologists.The 39.06％ (25/64) of geriatricians used to notice geriatric syndromes,while 81.25％ (52/64)of oncologists never concerned about the geriatric syndrome(P=0.011).As for the causes of the therapy-associated toxicity,oncologist versus geriatrician payed an attention to malnutrition (100.00％ vs.100.00％ in both groups),to mobility disorders(65.63％ vs.65.63％,84/128 in both groups),to cognitive impairment/mood disorder (89.06％ in geriatrician group vs.75.00％ in oncologist group,P=0.038).For the factors affecting treatment decisions,a physical ability attention (oncologists vs geriatricians:70.31％ vs.92.19％;P =0.002),and comorbidity (oncologists vs geriatricians:62.50％ vs.79.69％,P =0.032) had statistically significant difference.In addition,lack of geriatrics knowledge was also reported by more oncologists.However,one hundred percent of participants wanted very much to cooperate with each other in their clinical work.When responding to the clinical scenario,the 10.94％ (7/64)of geriatricians and 32.81％ (21/64)of oncologists chose modified treatment for 65-74 years old patient with cancer(P =0.003).When the age of the patients was 75-84 years old,only 12.50 ％ (8/64) of geriatricians prefer end-of-life care,while 31.25 ％ (20/64) of oncologists chose it (P =0.010).Conclusions Selection of treatment decisions in the elderly patients with cancer affect by ageing.Both oncologists and geriatricians are concerned with the elderly patients with cancer,ageing syndrome,total sickness and functional status.And these doctors support an establishment of a multi disciplinary team cooperation for the elderly patients with cancer.Therefore,the establishment of mutual cooperation between the two professionals is necessary and feasible.

Objective To investigate the effect of adenovirus vector encoding hepatocyte growth factor gene (Ad-HGF) on learning and memory ability and expression of bcl-2 and bax protein in hippocampal CA1 region of rats with hypertension and hyperlipemia.Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and Ad-HGF group,with 10 rats in each group.The rats in model group and Ad-HGF group were given bilateral renal artery stenosis operation under aseptic condition to establish experimental renal hypertension;one week after operation,the rats were fed with high fat diet for 16 weeks.The rats in control group were only separated the bilateral renal arteries,and then were given normal diet for 16 weeks after the operation.After modeling,the rats in Ad-HGF group were injected with Ad-HGF (10 μL) throuth cisterna magna;the rats in control group and model group were injected with the same volume of saline through cisterna magna.The learning and memory ability of rats were evaluated by Morris water maze test at 10 d after administration;the expression of bcl-2 and bax protein in hippocampus CA1 region were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The escape latency of rats in model group was significantly longer than that in the control group,the number of cross platform and target quadrant time were significantly less than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the escape latency of rats in Ad-HGF group was significantly shorter than that in the model group,the number of cross platform and target quadrant time were significantly more than those in the model group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the number of the bcl-2 and bax protein positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the model group was increased,and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was decreased(P ＜0.05);compared with the model group,the number of the bcl-2 protein positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region of rats in AdHGF group was increased,but the number of bax protein positive cells was decreased,and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exogenous Ad-HGF can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of rats with hypertensive and hyperlipidemia,and it play a neuroprotective role in the brain,which may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.